INTRO :- FROM WHERE WE CAN OBTAIN WATER IN DESIRED QUALITY & QUANTITY FOR REQUIRED PERIOD OF TIME...
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Transcript of INTRO :- FROM WHERE WE CAN OBTAIN WATER IN DESIRED QUALITY & QUANTITY FOR REQUIRED PERIOD OF TIME...
INTRO :- FROM WHERE WE CAN OBTAIN WATER IN
DESIRED QUALITY & QUANTITY FOR REQUIRED
PERIOD OF TIME
SOURCES OF WATER
SURFACE SOURCE
SUB-SURFACE SOURCE
TYPES OF SOURCES OF WATER
SURFACE WATER SOURCE
RAINFALL (PRECIPITATION)………………..1. RIVER………………..2. LAKES………………..3. STREAMS………………..4. PONDS………………..5. IMPONDED RESERVOIRS
WATER CYCLE
CLOUDSSUN
PERCOLATION
EVAPORATION
LAKE
SEA
RAINFALL (PRECIPITATION)
GROUND PERCOLATION = 50%
SURFACE RUN-OFF = 50 %…………15 – 20 % surface supply………….30 – 35 % evaporation
NATURAL SURFACE SOURCES
FLOWING SOURCES – ………………………RIVERS & STREAMS
NON–FLOWING SOURCES – ………………………LAKES & PONDS
ARTIFICIAL SURFACE SOURCES
IMPONDED RESERVOIR
RAINN WATER DUPMS
IMPONDED RESERVOIR
WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE
IMPONDED ESERVOIR
Def. – An artificial structure constructed across the valley containing water course to impound or store the water stream so that it may be used for water supply.
It has 3 parts…….1. Dam to hold the water2. Spillway to release the extra water3. Gates to regulate the flow of water supply
LOCATION FACTORS
# Quantity of water# Quality of water# Shortest dam size# Suitable elevation (height)# density & distribution of population around
catchment area# Location of consumer population# Location of nearby highways, electric lines,
bridges, rail lines etc. # Geological stability
QUALITY V/S QUANTITY OF SURFACE WATER
- Ensure quantity first
- Availability for longer period
- Up streams can give good quality water
- Surface waters are more contaminated
SUB-SURFACE WATER
Definition :- It is the available stock of water
under the ground surface in flowing or static condition due the continuous percolation of rain water or water from surface sources like river or lakes. It is also called under-ground water. It is a natural phenomenon.
OCCURANCE OF SUB-SURFACE WATER
Depends upon……..
…..Amount & intensity of rainfall
…..Distribution of rainfall
……Slope of ground
…..Permeability of ground surface
QUALITY V/S QUANTITY OF SUB-SURFACE WATER
OLD VIEW – GROUND WATER IS PURE
MODERN VIEW – NO NATURAL SOURCE IS PURE
SUB-SURFACE SOURCE OF WATER
SPRINGS
WELLS
ARTESIAN WELL
INFILTERATION GALLARIES
INFILTERATION WELLS
SPRINGS
OPEN WELL
ARTESIAN WELL
CHOICE OF SOURCE FORWATER SUPPLY SCHEME
1. LOCATION OF WATER SOURCE
2. QUANTITY OF WATER
3. QUALITY OF WATER
4. THE COST OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
TUBE WELL
INTAKES
RESERVOIR INTAKE
RIVER INTAKE
CANAL INTAKE
LAKE INTAKE