Intro ewt, questionnaires

Eyewitness TestimonyL/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s

(1974) research.

Starter

1. Write down exactly what your tutor was wearing when you saw them this morning.

2. Write down what my first five words were to you this morning.

Taking in your surroundings is difficult.We often miss significant events because our attention cannot be directed to everything.Cognitive Psychologists agree that most memories are reconstructions of events rather than exact versions.

Some accurate fragments + gaps filled using previous knowledge and expectations = reconstructed memory.

Though we tend to have the impression that these memories are accurate.

Eyewitness testimony in the courtroom is where providing this inaccurate information can be catastrophic.

L/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research.

RONNIE BULLOCK was sentenced to 60 years in jail for kidnapping a raping a young Illinois girl. EDWARD HONAKER spent a decade in a Virginia prison for sexually assaulting a woman at gunpoint. KIRK BLOODSWORTH was shipped off to Maryland’s death row for a raping and strangling a 9-year-old girl.

All three were convicted in part because eyewitnesses firmly placed them at the scene of the crime.

They were among the first convicts to be exonerated by DNA tests proving that someone else was responsible.


Loftus and Palmer (1974)A study into language and memory in a car accident reconstruction

So what did they do in Experiment 1?Research Method = Laboratory expResearch Design = Independent GroupsIV = Verb usedDV = Estimate of speedFound:

Miss to read the summary of Experiment 2.IV = Verb used (or lack of qu)DV = yes or no to broken glass quFound:


Can you outline the research?

(AO1)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SP8kJ5A5xU8



Evaluation (AO2)?

1. Discuss ideas in pairs.


2. Use textbook page 77 to help you evaluate this study.

Self-report techniques:Questionnaires

L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).

Starter:

Complete the questionnaire.

Identify which are open questions and which are closed questions.

Types of questionsType 1: Closed questions- Rank order questions- Likert scale questions- Checklist questions- Dichotomous questions- Semantic differential questions.

Type 2: Open questions.


Use the textbook page 36-37 and

common sense (!) to identify which

types of the closed questions I asked

you on the questionnaire.

Open Closed


Quantitative

Qualitative

Easy to analyse

Question bias

Richer source of info

Difficult to interpret

Open Closed


QuantitativeQualitative

Easy to analyse

Question biasRicher source of info

Difficult to interpret

Issues with questionsEmbarrassing questions: likelihood of

unanswered questions increases.Leading questions: encourage a certain

response from participants.Lack of clarity: ambiguity and unnecessary jargon.Social desirability bias: participants

answer in way that presents them as they wish to be.


A psychologist investigated the effect of different forms of

day care on children’s later social

development. She selected two different

types of day care:

• child minders

• day nurseries.

The children had been in one of these types of day care full-time

for at least a year before

they started primary school.

Each child’s mother was asked to complete

a questionnaire.

Questionnaires: AO2 and AO3

Starter:

• Complete the IV, DV, hypotheses sheet.

L/O: To create a questionnaire and pilot it (AO3)To evaluate questionnaires as a research method (AO2)

• Use the guidance on page 38 of the textbook and your prior knowledge to create a questionnaire for administering to a small sample of people in the room.

• Steps 1- 4.


• Administer the questionnaire to your sample.

• Any issues to be ironed out?


Evaluation of Questionnaires as a self-report method (AO2)

Strengths /Advantages

Weaknesses / Disadvantages


Intro ewt, questionnaires

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