Intro and Chapter 9. Conquered England William of Normandy (the Conqueror.
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Transcript of Intro and Chapter 9. Conquered England William of Normandy (the Conqueror.
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Intro and Chapter 9
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Conquered England
•William of Normandy (the
Conqueror
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Apostle who spread Christianity thoughout the Greek speaking
world
Paul
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First to divide the Roman Empire
•Diocletian
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Moved the Roman capital to Byzantium
•Constantine
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First to unify Europe after the fall of Rome
•Charlemagne
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Declared the independence of the Church from lay appointments
•Gregory VII
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Forced to sign the Magna Carta
•John
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Pope who issued the Unam Sanctam
•Boniface VIII
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His claim to the French throne was the spark that began the Hundred
Years’ War
•Edward III
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Relative of the deceased French king who was declared the new king (rather than Edward III of England
•Philip VI
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With Wat Tyler he began a peasant rebellion in England
•John Ball
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French king known for his piety
•Louis IX
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He was excommunicated by the Pope four times and was
defeated by his German nobles
•Frederick II
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Infant king of England and France
•Henry VI
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Young woman who inspired the French to drive the English out of
France
•Joan of Arc
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Ended Mongol rule in Russia and brought much of Russia under
Moscow’s control
•Ivan III (the Great)
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Pope of the early 13th century who promoted the doctrine of papal
Plenitude of Power
•Innocent III
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French pope who moved the headquarters of the Church to
Avignon, France
•Clement V
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French king who won the Hundred Years’ War
•Charles VII
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English scholar who criticized the wealth of the clergy and papal
infallibility; and argued for the authority of scripture over Pope or Councils
•John Wycliffe
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Victor at the Battle of Agincourt who was declared the heir to the
French throne
•Henry V
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His dispute with the pope over taxation of the clergy sparked the “Babylonian
Captivity” of the church
•Philip IV (the “Fair”)
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This Avignon pope introduced the practice of the selling of
indulgences as a way to raise funds
•Clement VI
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His criticisms of the church, emphasis on the Bible, and simpler forms of worship led to his fiery end
•John Huss
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Asian based warriors who gained control of Russia for 3 centuries
•Mongols
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Group from what is today eastern France who switched sides during
the Hundred Years’ War
•Burgundians
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Along with William of Ockham, he argued for the independence of
monarchs from Papal control
•Marsilius of Padua
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These high officials in the Church supervised a number of
congregations in their region
•bishops
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The general term for men ordained to carry on ministry in the church
•clergy
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Someone who was obligated to fight when called upon by the landowner
who had granted him land
•vassal
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Organizations of craftsmen who controlled the training, quality of
production, and employment of people in their craft
•guild
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Scholars who pursued knowledge by use of Aristotelian logic
•Scholastics
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A general term for the townspeople of the late Middle Ages
• Burghers(or bourgeoisie or
burgess)
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A general term for the people who worked the land during feudalism
•peasants
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The people of the church who are not ordained for ministry
•laity
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An agricultural worker who was not free to leave the manor upon which
he and his family worked
•serf
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Followers of Wycliffe’s teachings
•lollards
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The conflict between England and France that began early in the 14th
century
•Hundred Years’ War
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This French legislature was created during the Hundred Years’ War for
the purpose of approving taxes
•Estates General
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An anti tax revolt by French peasants
•Jacquerie
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This Papal bull declared that the Church was superior over all
secular powers
•Unam Sanctum
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The direct tax on French peasants
•taille
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Religious zealots who believed beating themselves with whips
would bring an end to the plague
•flagellants
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Treaty that ended the vassalage of the English king and gave England
sovereignty over large portions of France
•Bretigny
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Law passed by the English Parliament to keep peasant wages
to pre-plague levels
•Statute of Laborers
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Genre in art and literature that was intended to remind people of their
mortality and the need for Christian living
•Dance of Death(Danse Macabre)
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Followers of John Huss
•Hussites
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These clergymen and scholars believed key church decisions should be made by a large group rather than an individual
•conciliarists
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Where Huss was executed and where the church was restored to
one pope.
•Constance
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This 13th century group, along with the Waldensians, were declared heretical because of their call for a simplicity of religion and separation from the world.
•Cathars
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Authored by Marsilius of Padua this writing argued for the independence
of monarchs from Papal authority
•Defender of Peace
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Treaty that made Henry V the heir to the French throne
•Treaty of Troyes
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Forty-three years after the Council of Constance ended the Great Schism this
Papal bull condemned Councils as a means of making church decisions
•Execrabilis
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Key battle of 732
•Battle of Tours
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Church event of 1054
•Schism of Roman Catholic and
Eastern Orthodox
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1453
•Fall of Constantinope to Turks and End of the 100 Years’ War
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1066
• William of Normandy
Conquered England
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1215
• King John of England signed the
Magna Carta
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800
• Charlemagne crowned emperor
by the Pope
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1417
•Council of Constance
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1347
•Beginning of the Black Death
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1302
•Boniface VIII issued the Unam Sanctum
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1378
•Great Schism of the Catholic Church
began
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1337
•Beginning of the Hundred Years’ War
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1309
•Beginning of the Babylonian Captivity