Intrarea in Vigoare a Legilor

7/30/2019 Intrarea in Vigoare a Legilor

1/8

Analele Universit ii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice, Nr. 1/2009

Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, Issue 1/2009

7

ASPECTE ACTUALE PRIVIND

INTRAREA N VIGOARE A LEGILOR

I A CELORLALTE ACTENORMATIVE

Prof. univ. dr. Moise BOJINC Universitatea Constantin Brncui din

Trgu Jiu

Rezumat

Acest articol trateaza aspecte referitoare laintrarea in vigoare a legilor si a celorlalte actenormative. n principiu, n regimurile democratice,intrarea n vigoare a acestora este strns legat dedata public rii actului. Data intr rii n vigoare esteun element al determin rii cmpului de aplicare anormei n timp, iar stabilirea acesteia intr ncompeten a autorului actului.

Cuvinte cheie : lege, intrare in vigoare, act normativ,

state europene.

1. Preliminarii

Intrarea n vigoare a unui actnormativ desemneaz momentul temporal ncare prevederile sale ncep s acioneze ncmpul social. n principiu, n regimuriledemocratice, intrarea n vigoare a legilor i a

celorlalte acte normative este strns legat de data publicrii actului.Publicarea reprezint operaiunea

prin care se asigur accesul celor interesaila coninutul actelor normative.

Organele emitente ale legilor icelorlalte acte normative, respectivParlamentul sau autorit ile administrative, pot stabili data de intrare n vigoare, ns intrarea n vigoare este condiionat de publicarea acestora n foaia oficial a

CURRENT ASPECTS REGARDINGLAWS AND OTHER REGULATING

DOCUMENTS ENFORCEMENT

Prof. PhD Moise BOJINC Constantin Brncui University of Trgu

Jiu

Abstract

This article deals with issues relating to theenforcement of laws and other regulations.

Basically, in democratic regimes,enforcement of laws and other regulations is veryconnected to the date the document is published.The enforcement date is an element of determining the application field of the regulation in time, and its establishment is the authors obligation.

Key words: law, enforcement, regulation, European

states.

1. Preliminaries

Enforcement of a regulatingdocument is the moment in time when its provisions begin to act in the social field.Basically, in democratic regimes,enforcement of laws and other regulating

documents is very connected to the date thedocument is published.Publishing is the operation that

provides access of everybody interested tothe content of regulating documents.

Issuing bodies of laws and other regulating documents, the Parliament or administrative authorities, respectively, canestablish the enforcement date, but theenforcement is conditioned by their publishing in the Official Gazette of the


2/8



8

statului1.Data intr rii n vigoare este un

element al determinrii cmpului de aplicarea normei n timp, iar stabilirea acesteia intr

n competena autorului actului.De obicei, aceast dat este stabilit printr-o dispoziie expres. Sunt ns i isituaii n care unele acte normative nu prevd nimic n privina datei lor de intraren vigoare. n aceste situaii se admite c voina tacit a autorului actului este caaceast dat ( a intr rii n vigoare) s nu fie posterioar datei la care actul a devenitobligatoriu. Astfel, o lege intr n vigoare ladata la care devine obligatorie numai nsituaia n care data sa de intrare n vigoarenu se refer la o dat ulterioar . Rezult deaici c regimul publicit ii actelor normativeare drept obiectiv stabilirea datei la careactul devine obligatoriu,i nu neaparat adatei la care el intr n vigoare2.

2. Intrarea n vigoare a actelornormative la nivelul UniuniiEuropene

Tratatul instituind ComunitateaEuropean dispune c deciziile ca idirectivele, intr n vigoare la data indicat n act sau, n absena unei asemenea date, na 20- a zi dup publicare. n schimb,regulamentele pot intra n vigoare simultancu publicarea lor.

Astfel, prin art. 3 din Regulamentulnr. 1182/19713 al Consiliului Comunit iiEuropene se prevede c, dac o perioad exprimat n zile, s ptmni, luni sau chiar ani trebuie calculat din momentul n caresurvine un eveniment sau are loc o aciune(inclusiv data de intrare n vigoare, perioadele de producere a efectelor, deaplicare, de expirare a validit ii de ncetarea efectelor i de ncetare a aplicrii actelor Consiliului sau ale Comisiei UniuniiEuropene), ziua n cursul creia se ntmpl acest eveniment sau se realizeaz aceast aciune nu se ia n considerare pentru

perioada respectiv. Perioadele cuprind

state11.The enforcement date is an element

of determining the application field of theregulation in time, and its establishment is

the documents author obligation.This date is usually establishedthrough an express disposition. But, thereare cases when some regulating documentsdo not provide anything regarding their enforcement date. In these cases it isadmitted that the tacit will of thedocuments author is that this date (of enforcement) be previous to the date thedocument becomes compulsory. Thereforea law is enforced when it becomescompulsory only if its enforcement datedoes not refer to a later date. It results thatthe status of regulating documents publishing has to establish the date whenthe document becomes compulsory and notnecessary the date it is enforced12.

2. Enforcement of regulatingdocuments at the level of theEuropean Union

The treaty establishing the EuropeanCommunity provides that decisions anddirectives is enforced at the date indicatedin the document, or in the absence of such adate, in the 20th day after publishing. Inreturn, regulations can be enforced at thesame time with their publishing.

Therefore, through art. 3 in theRegulations no. 1182/197113 of theEuropean Community Council it is provided that a period expressed in days,weeks, months or even years has to becalculated from the time an event occurs or an action takes places (including theenforcement date, effects producing periods, validity expiring dates andtermination of European Union Council or Commission acts), day when this eventoccurs or this action takes place shall not beconsidered for that period. Periods includeholidays, Saturdays and Sundays, except for

the case when they are expressly excluded


3/8



9

zilele de srbtoare, smbetelei duminicile,cu excepia cazului cnd acestea sunt n modexpres excluse sau dac perioadele suntexprimate n zile lucr toare.

3. Aspecte din practica stateloreuropene.

3.1 Intrarea n vigoarea legilor i a celorlalte actenormative n Frana

n Frana, pn nu de mult, o legecare nu prevedea nimic n privina datei salede intrare n vigoarei care nu necesitadecret de aplicare nu putea, n afarasituaiilor de urgen , s intre n vigoare nicila data publicrii sale n Jurnalul Oficial,inici la aceeai dat pretutindeni. Aceast situaie era datorat Decretului nr. 5 dinnoiembrie 1870, referitor la promulgarealegilor i decretelor, care prevedea c legeadevine obligatorie dup o zi franc4 la Paris,de la publicarea legii n Jurnalul Oficial, iar n restul teritoriului care se afl subsuveranitate francez, de la data sosiriiJurnalului Oficial n capitalelearondismentelor din Frana metropolitan iale departamentelor de peste mri.

Aceast soluie explicabil pentruepoca n care a fost adoptat a ajuns cutimpul s produc situaii paradoxalentruct, pe de o parte, stabilirea datei la careo norm devenea obligatorie depindea demodul su de publicare, iar, pe de alt parte,dup crearea internetului normele de rangsuperior legii decret regulamentare - s nu fie obligatorii la aceeai dat pentru toi,cu toate c publicaia oficial ce le conineaera afiat i transmis pe internet n acelaimoment pe ntreg teritoriul. Acest lucru af cut ca n anul 2001, Consiliul de Stat alFranei5 s iniieze un anteproiect de legereferitor la modalit ile i efectele publicriilegilor i a anumitor acte administrative6.Acest anteproiect prevede c legile ca iordonanele i decretele regulamentare, intr n vigoare la data pe care ele o stabilesc sau

n lipsa acesteia, n ziua urmtoare publicrii

or if periods are expressed in business days.

3. Aspects from the practice of European states.

3.1 Enforcement of laws and other regulatingdocuments in France

In France, until recently, a law that provided nothing about its enforcement dateand that did not require an enforcementdecree could not, except for emergencycases, be enforced at its publishing date inthe Official Gazette and at the same dateeverywhere. This was due to the Decree no.5 from November 1870, regarding the promulgation of laws and decrees that provided that law becomes compulsoryafter a franc day14 in Paris, from the publishing of the law in the OfficialGazette, and in the rest of the territoryunder French sovereignty, from the arrivaldate of the Official Gazette in the capitalsof counties in Metropolitan France anddepartments over the seas.

This solution explicable for the ageit was adopted in has caused paradoxicalsituations in time because, on one handestablishing the date a regulation becamecompulsory depended on its publishing wayand, on the other hand, after creating theInternet, high rank regulations laws andregulating decree should not becompulsory at the same date for everybody,despite the fact that the official publicationincluding them was listed and sent on theInternet at the same time all over theterritory. This made that in 2001, the StateCouncil of France15 initiate a law projectregarding the ways and effects of publishing laws and certain administrative projects16. This project provides that laws,as well as ordinances and regulatingdecrees enter in force at the date establishedherein or in the lack of it, the following dayafter their publishing in the Official Gazetteof the French Republic, without making a

zonal distinction. Still, when executing the


4/8



10

lor n Jurnalul Oficial a Republicii Franceze,f r a se mai face distincia zonal. Cu toateacestea, atunci cnd executarea legilor sau aunei pr i a dispoziiilor lor necesit msuri

de aplicare, respectivele dispoziii vor fivalabile numai de la data intr rii n vigoare aacestor msuri.

O alt problem de interes pe liniadistinciei dintre publicarei intrarea nvigoare este cea care se desprinde dinconinutul actual al art. 1315 1 din codulcivil i a crei redactare este cea rezultat din Legea nr. 230 din 13 martie 2000,i carestatueaz c, n prezent, dei scrisul subform electronic are aceeai fa probatorieca i scrisul pe suport de hrtie, el nu poatesubstitui integral publicarea pe hrtiedatorit numrului restrns al populaieidotate cu echipament informatic. De aceea,Consiliul de Stat a propus s se lase s curg o zi ntre publicarei intrarea n vigoare.

Propunerea respectiv a ridicatnumeroase semne de ntrebare n rndulteoreticienilor dreptului, pornind de lainaccesibilitatea anumitor acte normative din pricina unor dificiene ale motorului decutare sau a unor ntrzieri datorate problemelor tehnice.7

n acest context a fost adoptat Ordonana nr. 2004-1648 referitoare lamodalit ile i efectele publicrii legilor ianumitor acte administrative. Acest actnormativ unific data de intrare n vigoare anormelor, prevznd c legile i acteleadministrative care se public n JurnalulOficial intr n vigoare n ziua urmtoare publicrii lor sau la data pe care o fixeaz actul normativ care se public. Aceasta poate fi chiar ziua publicrii sau o alt dat ulterioar . Pentru actele a crei executarenecesit msuri de aplicare, intrarea nvigoare este reportat la data de intrare nvigoare a acestor msuri.

Actualmente, n Frana, difuzarea on-line (pe site-ul www journal_official. gov.fr) joac un rol de autentificare analog celuial ediiei imprimate a Jurnalului Oficial.

Noul rol conferit inser rii actelor n

laws or part of dispositions requireenforcement measures, those dispositionsshall be valid only at the enforcement dateof these measures.

Another interesting problem in thedistinction between publishing andenforcement is the one resulting from thecurrent content of art. 1315 1 in the civilcode and whose publishing results from theLaw no. 230 from 13th of March 2000 andthat provides that, at present, althoughelectronic writing has the same evidence aswriting on paper, it cannot fully replace paper publishing due to the restrictednumber of the population provided withinformatics equipment. This is why, theState Council proposed to leave a day between publishing and enforcement.

The proposal has brought variousquestion marks among theoreticians of law,starting from the inaccessibility of certainregulating documents due to deficiencies of the search engine or delays due to technical problems.17

Within this context Ordinance no.2004-16418 was adopted regarding theways and effects of publishing laws andcertain administrative acts. These regulatingdocuments unifies the enforcement date of regulations, providing that laws andadministrative documents published in theOfficial Gazette enter into force thefollowing day after their publishing or at adate established in the regulating documentthat shall be published. This can be the dateof the publishing or a later date. For thedocuments whose enforcement requiresapplication measures, enforcement isreported at the enforcement date of thesemeasures.

At present, in France, online broadcast (on www journal_official. gov.fr) plays an authentication role analogous tothe one of the printed edition of OfficialGazette. The new role given to documentsintroduction in electronic version broadcasted at the same time with the

printed version, as the admitted value


5/8



11

versiunea electronic care se difuzeaz nacelai timp cu versiunea imprimat, ca ivaloarea probant recunoscut acesteiversiuni concretizeaz voina legiuitorului

francez de aine cont de evoluia tehnicilor de comunicare.

3.2 ntrarea n vigoare a legiloricelorlalte acte normative n alte stateeuropene

n lipsa meniunii exprese de intraren vigoare din cuprinsul actului normativ,acesta intr n vigoare dup cum urmeaz:- n Elveia, la 5 zile de la publicare;- n Germania, dup 14 zile de la data publicrii n Jurnalul Oficial Federal;- n Italia, la 15 zile dup publicare;- n Spania, la 20 de zile de la publicarea

n Gazeta Oficial;- n Suedia, dup 4 s ptmni de la

publicare.

4. ntrarea n vigoare a actelornormative n Romnia

Pn la revizuirea Constituiei n2003, actele normative deveneau obligatorii prin publicarea lor n Monitorul Oficial alRomniei, Partea Ii intrau n vigoare ladata publicrii acestora, cu excepia cazuluin care, n cuprinsul lor, se prevedea o alt dat de intrare n vigoare, ulterioar publicrii.

O dat cu adoptarea legii derevizuire, art. 78 din Constituie a statuat c:Legea se public n Monitorul Oficialiintr n vigoare la 3 zile de la data publicriisau la o dat ulterioar prevzut n textulei.

Aceast modificare a fostconsiderat de doctrin ca avnd menirea s aplatizeze efectul implacabil al prezumieide cunoatere a legii9.

ns dup adoptarea Constituiei, ndoctrina romneasc au existat puncte de

vedere diferite att cu privire la intrarea n

materializes the will of the Frenchlawmaker to take into account the evolutionof communication techniques.

3.2 Enforcement of laws and otherregulating documents in other Europeanstates

In the lack of express mention of enforcement in the contents of theregulating document, it is enforced asfollows:- In Switzerland, 5 days from publishing;- In Germany, 14 days after the

publishing date in the Federal OfficialGazette;- In Italy, 15 days after publishing;

- In Spain, 20 days after publishing in theOfficial Gazette;

- In Sweden, 4 weeks from publishing.

4. Enforcement of regulating documentsin Romania

Until the revision of the Constitutionin 2003, regulating documents becamecompulsory through their publishing in theOfficial Gazette of Romania, Part I andwere enforced at their publishing date,except for the case in which, in their contents another enforcement date was provided, after the publishing.

With the adoption of revision law,art. 78 in the Constitution stipulated thatLaw is published in the Official Gazetteand is enforced 3 days after the publishingdate or at a later date provided by it.

This alteration was considered adoctrine meant to improve the implacableeffect of the law assumption of knowledge19.

But, after the adoption of theConstitution, in the Romanian doctrine,there have been various points of view bothregarding the various categories of regulating documents, and regarding the

calculation method of the enforcement term


6/8



12

vigoare a diverselor categorii de actenormative, cti cu privire la modalitatea decalcul al termenului de intrare n vigoare prevzut la art. 78 din Constituie ori n

cuprinsul unui act normativ10

.Acestor controverse li s-a pus capt prin Legea nr. 189/2004 pentru modificareai completarea Legii nr. 24/2000 privindnormele de tehnic legislativ pentruelaborarea actelor normative, ale crei prevederi au fost adoptatei corelate cunoile dispoziii ale Constituiei revizuite.Astfel, prin Legea nr. 189/2004 a fostintrodus un nou articol, respectiv 10, cutitlul marginal Intrarea n vigoare a actelor normative, devenit art. 11 dup republicarea Legii nr. 24/2000. Potrivittextului precitat, legilei ordonanele simpleintr n vigoare la 3 zile de la data publicriin Monitorul Oficial al Romniei sau la odat ulterioar prevzut n textul lor. n privina termenului de 3 zile se precizeaz c acestea se calculeaz pe zile calendaristice,ncepnd cu data publicrii n MonitorulOficial al Romniei,i expir la ora 24 acelei de a treia zi de la publicare.

Astfel, termenul de 3 zile esteconsiderat ca fiind un termen legal, de dreptmaterial i nu unul de drept procesual. Caatare, termenul ncepe s curg chiar dinziua publicrii, care este socotit a fi primazi, i expir la sfr itul celei de-a treia zi,legea intrnd n vigoare ncepnd cu ziua a patra.

n privina ordonanelor de urgen ale Guvernului, art. 11 alin 2 din Legea nr.24/2000 precizeaz ca acestea intr nvigoare la data publicrii n MonitorulOficial al Romniei, Partea I, sub condiiadepuneriilor prealabile al Cameracompetent s fie sesizat dac n cuprinsullor nu este prevzut o dat ulterioar .

Numai c, la rndul su, alin 3 al art.11 din Legea 24/2000 republicat prevede c Actele normative prevzute la art. 10(1),respectiv legilei celelalte acte normative,adoptate de Parlament, ordonanele i

hotrrile Guvernului, actele normative ale

provided in art. 78 from the Constitution or in a regulating document20.

These controversies were ended byLaw no. 189/2004 for amending and

completing Law no. 24/2000 regardinglegislative technique regulations for drawing-up regulating documents, whose provisions were adopted and corelated withthe new dispositions of the revisedConstitution. Therefore, through the Lawno. 189/2004 a new article was introduced,10 respectively, entitled Enforcement of regulating documents, become art. 11 after republishing the Law no. 24/2000.According to the aforementioned text, lawsand simple ordinances enter into force 3days after the publishing in the OfficialGazette of Romania or at a later date provided by their text. As far as the 3-dayterm it is stipulated on calendar days, beginning with the publishing date in theOfficial Gazette of Romania and expires at12 p.m. of the third from the publishing.

Therefore, the 3-day term isconsidered as a legal term, of material lawand not a lawsuit term. Consequently, theterm begins to develop in the publishingday, which is counted to be the first day,expires at the end of the third day, the law being enforced in the fourth day.

As far as Government emergencyordinances are concerned, art. 11 par 2 fromthe Law no. 24/2000 stipulates that theyenter into force at their publishing date inthe Official Gazette of Romania, Part I,under the condition of previouslysubmitting at the relevant Court to benotified if a later date is not provided bythem.

But, in turn, par. 3 in the art. 11from Law 24/2000 republished, providesthat Normative documents provided by art.10(1), laws and other regulating documentsrespectively, adopted by the Parliament,Government ordinances and resolutions,regulating documents of previousadministrative authorities, as well as orders,

instructions and other regulating documents


7/8



13

autorit ilor administrative anterioare, precumi ordinele, instruciunilei alte actenormative emise de organele administraiei publice centrale de specialitate, cu excepia

legilor i a ordonanelor intr n vigoare ladata publicrii n Monitorul Oficial alRomniei, Partea I, dac n cuprinsul lor nueste prevzut o dat ulterioar . Atunci cndnu se impune ca intrarea n vigoare s se produc la data publicrii, n cuprinsulacestor acte normative, trebuie s se prevad c ele intr n vigoare la o dat ulterioar stabilit prin text.

n ce ne privete consider m c raiunea instituirii termenului de 3 zile aceea a crerii posibilitii efective a intr riin posesia Monitorului Oficial de ctre ceiinteresai ar trebui extins i la celelalteacte normative.

De asemenea, ni se pare mai pertinent termenul de 5 zile n loc de 3 zile pentru intrarea n vigoare de la publicarentruct astfel se pot nltura i situaiile ncare n intervalul de 3 zile se intercaleaz izile de srbtoare, cnd nu este posibil procurarea Monitorului Oficial.

issued by the bodies of the specialized public administration, except for the lawsand ordinances, shall be enforced at their publishing date in the Official Gazette of

Romania, Part I, if their contents does notstipulate a further date. When it is not provided that the enforcement occur at the publishing date, the contents of theseregulating documents has to provide thatthey shall be enforced at a further dateestablished by text.

As far as we are concerned, we think that the reason for establishing the 3-dayterm that of creating the actual possibilityfor the Official Gazette to receive should be extended to the other regulatingdocuments as well.

Also, it seems pertinent the 5-dayterm, rather than the 3-day term for enforcement since the publishing, because,in this way holidays are intercalated when itis not possible to get the Official Gazette.

1 Foaia oficial a statului n care se public legile i celelalte acte normative poart denumiri diferite precum: monitor, buletin, gazet etc.2 A se vedea , Sorin Popescu, Victoria Tndreanu, Intrarea n vigoare a actelor normative conformConstituiei revizuite, n Revista de drept vomercial nr. 3/2004, p. 151-158.3 Regulamentul ( CEE, EUROATOM) nr. 1182/1971 al Consiliului, cu privire al determinarearegulilor aplicabile perioadelor, datelor i termenelor din 3 iunie 1971, publicat n jurnalul Oficial alComunit ilor Europene, nr. L 124 din 8 iunie 1971.4 Franc (Jour, delaz) reprezint perioada n care nu se ocole te nici ziua faptei ( evenimentului,actului, notificrii) de la care trebuie s curg , nici ziua care, dup stricta socotire a termenului, ar trebui s fie ultima. A se vedea Gerard Cornu, Vocabulaire jusdique, Paris, PUF, 1987, citat de

Sorin Popescu, C t lin Cioara, Victoriandoreanu, Aspecte practice de tehnic i eviden legislativ , Editura Monitorul Oficial, Bucureti, 2008, p. 695 Consiliul de stat al Franei este organismul omolog Consiliului Legislativ al Romniei6Studiu prin care s-a iniiat acest anteproiect este iniiat: Publicarei intrarea n vigoare a legilor ia anumitor acte administrative.7 Ca soluie la modul n care cet enii ar putea fi avertizai asupra datei i orei exacte a existeneinormei n reeaua mondial s-a propus dotarea orar a publicrii textului.8 Ordonana nr. 2004-164 din 20 februarie 2004 a intrat n vigoare la 11 iunie 20049 Ion Deleanu, Revizuirea Constituiei, n Dreptul nr. 12/2003, p. 22.10 A se vedea spre exemplu opiniile exprimate n doctrin de Mihai Constantinescu, Ioan MuraruiAntonie Iorgovan, Constituia Romnie revizuit . Comentarii i explicaii, Editura All Beck,Bucureti, 2004, p. 139, Ion Deleanu, op. cit., p. 22., Corneliu-Liviu Popescu, Date intr rii nvigoare a actelor normative n lumina dispoziiilor constituionale revizuite, n Dreptul nr. 4/2004,

p. 39.


8/8



14

11 The Official Sheet of the state where laws and other regulating documents are published has manynames: official gazette, bulletin, gazette etc.12 See Sorin Popescu, Victoria Tndreanu, Regulating documents enforcement according to revisedConstitution, in Revista de drept vomercial nr. 3/2004, p. 151-158.13 Regulation ( CEE, EUROATOM) nr. 1182/1971 of the Council, regarding the rules enforceablefor periods, dates and terms from 3th of June 1971, published in the Official Gazette of EuropeanCommunities, nr. L 124 from 8th of June 1971.14 Franc (Jour, delaz) is the period that does not miss the day of the action (event, act, notification)it results from, ir the day which, after the establishment of the term, should be the last one. SeeGerard Cornu, Vocabulaire jusdique, Paris, PUF, 1987, quoted by Sorin Popescu, C t lin Cioara,Victoria ndoreanu, Practical Aspects of Legislative Technique and Evidence, Official Gazette,Bucharest, 2008, p. 6915 Frances State Council is the body corresponding to Romanian Legislative Council16Study announcing that this entrepreneurship had been initiated: Publishing and enforcing lawsand administrative acts.17 As a solution to the way in which citizens could be warned upon the exact date and hour of theregulation in the world network, it has been proposed to provide the text publishing with schedules.18 Ordinance no. 2004-164 from 20th of February 2004 was enforced on 11th of June 200419 Ion Deleanu, Constitution Revision, in Dreptul nr. 12/2003, p. 22.20 See for example the opinions expressed in doctrine by Mihai Constantinescu, Ioan Muraru andAntonie Iorgovan, revised Romanian Constitution. Comments and explanations, All Beck Press,Bucharest, 2004, p. 139, Ion Deleanu, op. cit., p. 22., Corneliu-Liviu Popescu, Enforcement dates of regulating documents in the light of revised constitutional provisions, in Dreptul nr. 4/2004, p. 39.

Intrarea in Vigoare a Legilor

Documents

Transcript of Intrarea in Vigoare a Legilor