Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all...
-
Upload
austin-cameron -
Category
Documents
-
view
227 -
download
1
Transcript of Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all...
![Page 1: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Intestinal` Protozoa
![Page 2: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES
PROTOZOA HELMINTHS
UnicellularSingle cell for all functions
MulticellularSpecialized cells
1:Aoebae: move by pseudopodia.2:Flagellates: move by flagella.3:Ciliates: move by cilia 4:Apicomplexa(Sporozoa) tissue parasites
Round worms (Nematodes): - elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented.Flat worms : - Trematodes: leaf-like, unsegmented. - Cestodes: tape-like, segmented.
![Page 3: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Giardia lamblia
Giardia trophozoites
( SEM)
Giardia trophozoites
(light microscope)
![Page 4: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Giardia trophozoites
(light microscope)
![Page 5: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Giardia cyst
(light microscope)
![Page 6: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Giardia lamblia :
Life cycle
![Page 7: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Giardia trophozoites in tissue section
![Page 8: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Giadriasis: Clinical Picture
Asymptomatic infections ( majority)
Symptomatic Infections:
Typical picture: IP 1-2 wks followed by diarrhoea for about 6 wks,
Atypical : Severe diarrhoea , malabsorption especially in children
![Page 9: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Giardiasis: Laboratory diagnosis
• Stools examination :– Microscopy for cysts or trophozoits– Detection of Giardia antigens in stools
• Examination of duodenal contents : trophozoites
![Page 10: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Giardiasis: Chemotherapy
• Drug of choice: Metronidazole
![Page 11: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Intestinal Amoebae
![Page 12: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA…
500 million people are infected. 100,000 deaths per year. Worldwide distribution. It is a waterborne infection.
There are 6 species of Entamoeba:
E.histolytica
E.dispar
E.hartmanni
E.coli
E.gingivalis
E.polecki
![Page 13: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Entamoeba histolytica : amoebae that are pathogenic.
E. dispar The non invasive form .
The 2 amoebae can’t be distinguish by microscopic
observation.
E. histolytica vs E. dispar
![Page 14: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Entamoeba histolytica
![Page 15: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Entamoeba histolytica
Trophozoite: vegetative stage, must encyst to survive in the environment. It is a fragile structure.
Cyst: infective stage. Resist to the harsh conditions of the environment.
![Page 16: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
E. histolytica E. histolytica
![Page 17: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mode of infection
Water, food
Flies can act as vector..
Can be sexually transmitted person -to -person contacts
Not a zoonosis
Entamoeba histolytica
![Page 18: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The infective dose can be as little as 1 cyst.
The incubation period can be from few days to few weeks depending on the infective dose
Cysts can survive for weeks at appropriate temperature and humidity.
Entamoeba histolytica
![Page 19: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PATHOLOGY
Intsetinal amoebiasis :
Ability a to hydrolyse host tissues with their active enzymes present on the surface membrane of the trophozoite.
Lesions are found in the cecum, appendix, or colon.
They may heal. If perforation of the colon occurs, this may lead to peritonitis that can lead to death.
Amoeboma :Granulomatous mass obstructing the bowel
Entamoeba histolytica
![Page 20: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PATHOLOGY:Intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 21: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PATHOLOGY:Intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 22: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PATHOLOGY : Intsetinal amoebiasis
Complications
![Page 23: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Entamoeba histolytica
PATHOLOGY
Intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 24: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Entamoeba histolytica
PATHOLOGY
Intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 25: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
E. Histolytica in mucosa.
Numerous trophozoites can be seen with ingested erythrocytes.
PATHOLOGY
Intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 26: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PATHOLOGY: Extra-intsetinal amoebiasis :
![Page 27: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A 30-year-old male experienced diarrhea for two weeks with fever of 39° C, nausea, vomiting, malaise and right upper abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly 6 cm below the right costal margin. CT scan showed a single hypodense mass in the rigth lobe of 7.8 x 5.2 cm, round, with well defined borders. Serology was positive for Enamoeba histolytica at 1/512.Amebic liver abscess was diagnosed.
![Page 28: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF INFECTION WITH
Entamoeba histolytica
![Page 29: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Laboratory Diagnosis of Amoebiasis
• Intestinal :– Stools examination :
• Wet mount ( cysts and trophozoites)
• Concentration methods ( only cysts)
– Serology ( mainly for invasive infections): IHA , ELISA
• Extra-intestinal:– Serology: IHA , ELISA– Microscopy of tissues or fluids
![Page 30: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Main Drugs for Treatment of Amoebiasis
• Intestinal :– Asympromatic (cysts only): diloxanide furoate
(Furamide)– Symptomatic(cysts and trophozoites):
metronidazole
• Extra-intestinal:– Metronidazole
![Page 31: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cryptosporidium Parvum
![Page 32: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cryptosporidium , safraninCryptosporidium , acid-fast stain
Cryptosporidium Diagnosis
![Page 33: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cryptosporidium Diagnosis
Crypto-Gardia FAT
![Page 34: Intestinal` Protozoa. CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES PROTOZOAHELMINTHS Unicellular Single cell for all functions Multicellular Specialized cells 1:Aoebae:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e03a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CryptosporidiosisTreatment
• Self-limited in immunocompetent patients
• In AIDS patients : paromomycin