Interworking between USN and IP Networksold.hsn.or.kr/hsn2007/document/9/VIII-1.pdf · Interworking...
Transcript of Interworking between USN and IP Networksold.hsn.or.kr/hsn2007/document/9/VIII-1.pdf · Interworking...
Interworking between USN and IP Networks
2007.02.09Ki-Hyung Kim
Ajou University, Korea([email protected])
217th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
Contents
Standards in USNInterworking Issues
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Standards in USN
MAC layerIEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4bIEEE 802.15.4aIEEE 802.15.5
Network layer and aboveZigBeeIP-USN (6lowpan)TinyOSVarious architectures in the literature
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Technical Comparison between ZigBee and 6LoWPAN II
Query
Query
Data
Send data periodically
Wireless Sensor Network(TinyOS, literature, etc)
ZigBee Network
6LoWPANSink Node
DB Server Host
DataEnd-to-End connection
across network
Control another node
Get information from internet
1:1 Comunication
Directly control node and p2p
communication
Control another node
Web Server
GatewayZigBee Gateway
Indirectly control node
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Address Issue of IEEE 802.15.4
16 bit PAN ID is the identifier of WPANTwo addresses in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer
EUI 64 bit address given by the manufacturer (optionally, + PAN ID)16 bit short address assigned by the coordinator dynamically (optionally, + PANID)
ZigBee uses the two addresses without PANID (does not consider inter-PAN routing)
6lowpan uses two IPv6 addresses64bit prefix + EUI64bit interface identifier of 15.4MAC64bit prefix + PAN ID (16bit) + 16bit short of 15.4MAC
ZigBee
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What is IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee
ZigBee Stack
IEEE Stack (MAC)PHY: 2.4 GHz
Application Layer
PHY: 868/915MHz
MAC: Medium Access controlPHY: Physical layer
ZigBee defining upper protocol layers:
-Application Profiles -Application Framework -Network and Security layer
IEEE802.15.4-2003: standard defining PHY and MACIEEE802.15.4a: Alternate PHYIEEE802.15.4b: revision of PHY and MAC
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ZigBee Alliance
ZigBee AlliancePromoters
“ZigBee Specification v1.0”opened from June 2005
ZDO
Man
agem
ent P
lane
AP
SME
-SAP
MLM
E-S
AP
ZigB
ee P
ublic
In
terfa
ce
<ZigBee v1.0 Protocol Stack Architecture>
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IEEE 802.15.4 vs ZigBeeZigBee: The stack layers “creates the network” by:
Network layerJoin and leave networksRoute framesDiscover routesDiscover one-hop neighboursApply securityStarting a network (coordinator)Assigning addresses (coordinator)
Application Support SublayerTables for bindingForward messages between bound devices
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Network Layer SAP
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ZigBee Device TypesZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
One and only one required for each ZB network.Initiates network formation.Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).May act as router once network is formed.
ZigBee Router (ZR)Optional network component.May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).Participates in multihop routing of messages.
ZigBee End Device (ZED)Optional network component.Shall not allow association.Shall not participate in routing.
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Tree-Structures Address Assignment
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ZigBee Ad-hoc Network Formation
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Tree-based Hierarchical Routing
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Table-based On-Demand Routing
Table routing, in the case where a routing table entry for the destination exists, simply consists of extracting the next-hop address from that entry and routing the message through (or to) that address.
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Routing Cost
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Gateway architecture of ZigBee
Bridge between two ZigBee networksTunneling between two ZigBee networks
Gateway between ZigBee and Ethernet, IP, Mobile, WiFi, PLC etc
Address translation (NAT) should be applied.
ZigBee ZigBeeinternet
6LoWPAN(IP-USN)
1917th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
6LoWPANA new BOF was held during 61st IETF at D.C.
6lowpan (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4)Invensys, Hellicom, Intel, Sun, Panasonic …
An official Working Group begun on March 2005Why IPv6
More suitable for higher densityStatelessness mandatedNo NAT necessaryPossibility of adding innovative techniques such as location aware addressingIEEE 64 bit address subsumed into IPv6 address
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Challenges of LoWPANImpact Analysis
Addressing Routing Security Network management
Low power(1-2 years lifetime on batteries)
Storage limitations, low overhead
Periodic sleep aware routing, low overhead
Simplicity (CPU usage), low overhead
Periodic sleep aware management, low overhead
Low cost(<$10/unit)
Stateless address generation
Small or no routing tables
Ease of Use, simple bootstrapping
Space constraints
Low bandwidth (<300kbps)
Compressed addresses
Low routing overhead
Low packet overhead
Low network overhead
High density(<2-4? units/sq ft)
Large address space – IPv6
Scalable and routable to *a node*
Robust Easy to use and scalable
IP network interaction
Address routable from IP world
Seamless IP routing
Work end to end from IP network
Compatible with SNMP, etc
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Problems and Motivations of 6LoWPANNo method exists to make IP run over IEEE 802.15.4 networks
Worst case .15.4 PDU 81 octets, IPv6 MTU requirements 1280 octets
Stacking IP and above layers “as is” may not fit within one 802.15.4 frame
IPv6 40 octets, TCP 20 octets, UDP 8 octets + other layers (security, routing, etc) leaving few bytes for data
Not all adhoc routing protocols may be immediately suitable for LoWPAN
DSR may not fit within a packet, AODV needs more memory, etcCurrent service discovery methods “bulky” for LoWPAN
Primarily XML based that needs computing, more memory, etcLimited configuration and management necessarySecurity for multi hop needs to be considered
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draft-ietf-6lowpan-format-09
“Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Networks”Defines basic packet formats and sub-IP adaptation layer for transmission over 6lowpanIncludes framing, adaptation, header compression, address generation, and packet delivery in mesh topology
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Frame Format and Adaptation Layer
HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, No Frag HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, No Frag
Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Multi Hop, No Frag Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Multi Hop, No Frag
Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, Frag Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, Frag
Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr…Multi Hop, Frag Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr…Multi Hop, Frag
• Final Destination Field is used for mesh routing • Prot_type indicates whether HC(Header Compression) is used or not.
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6LoWPAN Header Details
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 2 3
1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size
1 1 1 dgram_tag dgram_size dgram_offset
• Fragmentation Header
• Mesh Header1 0 O F Hops Originator Addr, Final Addr
1 0 O F 0xF Originator Addr, Final AddrHops (15-255 hops)
0 Dispatch
• Dispatch Header (extendable)IPv6, LOWPAN_HC1, Source Route, ???
0 0x7F IPv6, LOWPAN_HC1, ??? Dispatch
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1 0 O F Hops 0 Dispatch2 Bytes
• Multi Hop, No Fragmentation
1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size 0 Dispatch4 Bytes
• Single Hop, Fragmentation
Examples of 6LoWPAN Headers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 2 3
0 Dispatch1 ByteSingle Hop, No Fragmentation
1 0 O F Hops 1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size0 Dispatch5 Bytes
• Multi Hop, Fragmentation
1 0 O F 0xF 1 1 0 dgram_tag0 Dispatch6 Bytes
• Multi Hop > 14 hopsHops
dgram_size
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확장성(Extensibility)
Deep Networks1 0 OF Hops
Addrs
Addrs HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…
HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…1 0 OF 0xF Hops
• Mesh Protocols (LOAD, AODV, DYMO, Source route…)
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Proto Dispatch Proto Hdr…
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…
• Other Upper Layer Protocols
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HCX Dispatch HCX Hdr…
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…
• Anything Else…
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr…
Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…
XXX Dispatch XXX Hdr… YYY Dispatch YYY Hdr… ZZZ Dispatch ZZZ Hdr…
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Header CompressionMost common IPv6 header:
IP version = IPv6IPv6 source and destination both are link localLength inferred from IEEE 802.15.4 headerTraffic Class and Flow Label both are 0Next Header = UDP, ICMP or TCPOnly need to carry Hop Limit
This common case is highly compressible2 octets instead of 40Alternate encoding allows further compression to 1 octet (to be done)
UDP header compressionAllows use of 4 bit (potentially 8 bit) port ranges (P+range)UDP header compressible from 8 octets to 4
TCP header compression can use existing specs with proper prot_type (to be done)
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IP-USN Router Architecture
IP-USN Router
IP-USN Node
Application Layer
Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
Network Layer(IP)
Ethernet or other MAC/PHY
Adaptation LayerIEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY
Application Layer
Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
Network Layer(IP)
Ethernet or other MAC/PHY
Application Layer
Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
Host of IP networks IP-USN Router IP-USN Node
Adaptation LayerIEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY
Network Layer(IP)
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Problem Statement of Neighbor DiscoveryIPv6 ND requires frequent signaling messagesRA to all node multicasts, NS, DAD, NUD messagesIEEE 802.15.4 does not have multicast support at the MAC layerLowPan network is essentially low-energy network –reducing number of signaling messages are necessaryCurrent IPv6 ND is designed for larger sytems with constant source of powerLowPan network could be an adhoc network of low-power devicesLowPan assumes routing to happen at the Link-layer
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Goals of ND in 6lowpanMinimizing periodic ND multicast messagesReducing total number of Neighbor Discovery related messagesDefining default ND parameters that work for 6LowPan networks
All-node multicasts for unsolicited RASolicited node multicast for DADAll-router multicast for Router solicitationRouting at Link-layer : Is RA necessary to propagate to all nodes at the LowPan network?Who does the prefix advertisement ?
Case Scenario of USN&IP Interworking
KT의 기상/해양관측센서네트워크
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기상해양센서네트워크 전체 구성도설치 지역 및 구간 내역
4.16km
2.50km
3.83km
4.17km
4.66km
2. 83km
6.30km
5.30km
5.57km
4.19km
제주도 성산포 지역
구좌읍사무소 종달
성산포기상관측소
: IP-USN설치장소
: Wireless Mesh 설치장소
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6lowpan 센서 6lowpan G/W
IPv6DualStack
Router
6lowpan 센서 6lowpan G/W
계획 구성도계획 구성도구성 개념도
IPv6DualStack
Router
KORENKOREN
IPSEC VPN concentrator
IP Cam-CCTV(Option/Planning)
Large Display
6lowpan 센서 6lowpan G/W
Wireless Mesh NetworkWireless Mesh NetworkIEEE802.11g/2.4GHz/OFDMIEEE802.11g/2.4GHz/OFDM
WEP/AES EncryptionWEP/AES EncryptionIPv6DualStackRouter
PC1 PC2 PC3
New AWS
New AWS
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메쉬 네트워크 진행상황메쉬 네트워크 진행상황Mesh 구성
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종달초소
WMN 설치 위치별 상세 내역 1
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국립해양조사원 조위관측소
WMN 설치 위치별 상세 내역 2
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기상센서네트워크 설치성산포기상관측소
- 센서노드 9개 설치
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기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (1)IP-USN 센서노드
3917th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (2)IP-USN 설치현황
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기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (3)
IP-USN Router6LoWPAN을 IPv6 네트워크와 연결
IPv4/6 터널링 및 방화벽 기능
SNMP 프록시 에이전트 기능
Pxa255 arm MCU64Mbyte RAM64Mbyte ROM
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ATM 128L8bit Microcontroller128k Bytes flash memory4k Bytes SRAM 8MHz Speed
Extension Memory32k Bytes
CC2420GPS
시간동기화, 위치정보
RS232c기상정보 수집
IP-USN sensor node
기상센서네트워크 노드 개발
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IPv6 stack
AdaptationLOADHiLOW
Neighbor Discovery
IEEE 802.15.4 의 16bit, 64bit 주소를 이용한 IPv6 주소자동생성
TCP / UDP 패킷을 이용한 데이
터 전송
Socket-like API 제공
기상데이터 처리 태스크 관리 태
프로토콜 스텍, 데이타처리 태스크 구현
6LoWPAN Stack
4317th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
IP-USN기반 제주기상해양센서네트워크
2006.11 U-infra Conference 전시 2006.11 RFID/USN 컨퍼런스 전시
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기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (4)기상해양 센서네트워크 관제실
http://weather.6lowpan.net/
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기상정보 수집서버 (1)
35개의 센서노드로 부터 기상정보 수집 화면
4617th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
기상정보 수집서버 (2)
성산포 기상관측대에 설치된 센서노드로부터수집된 정보들
4717th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007
기상센서네트워크 매니져
해양센서네트워크 (해양조사연구원)
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원격지 모니터링
해양2000호(센서네트워크 구축)
Satellite
위성
해양 2000호 IP-USN 구축
해양2000호 선상에 센서네트워크 구축
- 목적: 풍향. 풍속 측정
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해양 2000호 IP-USN 시험(1)
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설치 결과
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해양 2000호 IP-USN 시험(2)
설치 내역
- 선수의 타워 상단 설치
- 풍향, 풍속 센서 1조 설치
- 예상 토폴로지
- 풍향, 풍속센서>중계노드>게이트웨이
- 풍향, 풍속센서>게이트웨이
Technical Issues in USN&IP Interworking
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Technical Issues in USN&IP Interworking
Definition of socket functionssocket &ioctl
Interworking with TCP and UDPInterworking with ICMP (ping and traceroute)Interworking with uPnP
Interworking with http, xml Interworking with IPSecInterworking with Multiple GatewaysInterworking with SNMPService discovery in USN
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Interworking with Internet
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Simple Service Location Protocol(SSLP)When 6lowpan nodes come in close proximity, they need to locate one another and services in proximityRelated Works
SLPv2 in InternetSSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol) of UPnPJini
These are not suitable for 6lowpanLimited packet sizeLimited processing powerDynamic nature of network topology
SSLP Provides mechanisms for locating services and peer nodes in proximity Interoperates with SLPv2 on Internet
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Service discovery in SSLP
SSLP(Simple Service Location Protocol)
• 기존 IETF 표준인 SLP와 유사하게 동작함
• User Agent, Service Agent, Directory Agent (SLP) + Translation Agent (SSLP)• TA(Translation Agent)에 의해서 SLPv2 와 호환성 유지
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Service discovery in SSLP II
1-1 Estimate the location of UA
1 Service Request
2-1 Nearest SA replies to the SrvRequest
2. 6lowpan SA replies to the SrvRequest
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SSLP Header Format
SSLP General Header
Message Type Abbreviation Msg-IDService Request SREQ 1Service Reply SREP 2Service Registration SREG 3Service Deregistration SDER 4Service Acknowledge SACK 5DA Advertisement DADV 6SA Advertisement SADV 7
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Conclusion
USN connectivity with IPAddress Translation (NAT 방식)IP-USN
Technical Issues in IP interworking