Intertextuality
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Transcript of Intertextuality
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INTERTEXTUALITY
BY Z A C K C H R I S T O D O U LO U
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INTERTEXTUALITY• the shaping of a text's meaning by
another text.• Intertextual figures include: allusion,
quotation, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche and parody.• An example of intertextuality is a
writer’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text, and incorporating an aspect of it in a new text.
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DEFINITIONThe shaping of texts' meanings by other texts.
• Notion introduced by Julia Kristeva. • Kristeva argued against the concept of a
text as a isolated entity which operates in a self-contained manner and states that:
"any text is the absorption and transformation of another"
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DEFINITION
• Every text (and we can insert any cultural object here: image, film, web content, music etc.) is a mosaic of references to other texts, genres, and discourses.
Where a text alludes to, or references, another text
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INTERTEXUALITY• Some texts refer directly to each
other – such as in 'remakes' of films, extra-diegetic references to the media / society in the animated cartoon The Simpsons, and many amusing contemporary TV ads.
• The interpretation of these references is influenced by the audiences’ prior knowledge of other texts.
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AUDIENCE PLEASURES
• This particularly self-conscious form of intertextuality credits its audience with the necessary experience to make sense of such references and offers the pleasure of recognition.
• By referring to other texts and other media reminds us that we are in a mediated reality. This runs counter to the dominant 'realist' tradition which focuses on persuading the audience to believe in the on-going reality of the narrative.
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INTERTEXTUALITY AND GENRE
• There are intertextual frameworks (references) at work that are less obvious or direct.
• The assignment of a text to a genre provides the audience of the text with a key intertextual framework.
• Each example of a genre utilises conventions which link it to other members of that genre.
• Such conventions are at their most obvious in 'spoof' versions of the genre.
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INTERTEXTUALITY - SIMPSONS
• Almost every episode of The Simpsons contains at least one film reference to a famous film scene.
• The Simpsons also contains intertextual references to politics, religion – nearly every aspect of social, political and cultural life.
• The grabs on the following slides are from an episode where the Simpsons referenced Psycho
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Intertextuality - Simpsons
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Intertextuality - Simpsons
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Intertextuality - Simpsons
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Intertextuality - Simpsons
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THEORY
• In 1968 Barthes announced 'the death of the author' and 'the birth of the reader', declaring that 'a text's unity lies not in its origin but in its destination' - in other words there is no longer such a thing as an original text – very postmodern.• This highlights how interpretation lies with the
audience – that it is subjective - it is the audience that creates meaning.