Interpersonal relationship

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Presented by:Mr. Anslin Sugil Kamesh., M.Sc(N)HOD of MHNSACON.

INTRODUCTION One of the most distinctive

aspects of human beings is that we are social beings.

Interpersonal relationships are & have been the core of our social system since the dawn of civilization.

Nursing is a therapeutic process & demands an association between the nurse & the patient.

Interpersonal relationships refer to reciprocal social & emotional interactions between two or more individuals in an environment.

Interpersonal relationship is defined as a close association between individuals who share common interests & goals.

DEFINITION

PURPOSE OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

I. Interpersonal relationship for an

Individual Personal growth & developmentSource of enjoyment Sense of security Context of understanding Interpersonal needs Establishing personal identity

CONT…II. Interpersonal relationship for Nurses Building a positive functional multidisciplinary

team Improving intra-and/or inter-team

communication, coordination & cooperation Building mutual understanding & cooperation Understanding self Improved decision making & problem solving

CONT…III. Interpersonal relationship for patientsDeveloping a sense of security &

comfort Fostering trust & cooperation Facilitating communication Improving socializationDeveloping & maintaining positive feelings

TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Friendship Family & kinship Love Marriage

Platonic relationship Casual relationships Brotherhood &

sisterhood Acquaintances

Interpersonal relationships are classified based on relational contexts of interaction & the types of mutual expectations between communicators.Some common types of interpersonal relation are:-

FRIENDSHIP Theories of friendship emphasize the

concept as a freely chosen association where individuals develop a common ground of thinking & behaving when they enter into the relationship by including mutual love, trust, respect & unconditional acceptance for each other.

Friendship is a relationship with no formalities & the individuals enjoy each other’s presence.

FAMILY AND KINSHIP

Family communication patterns establish roles & identify & enable personal & social growth of individuals.

Family relationships can get distorted if there is an unresolved conflict between members.

Most of the time, a significant family member senses other family members have significant emotional difficulties but fails to bring them out unless the physician or nurse enquires .

PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPIndividual working for the same

organization are said to share a professional relationship & are called colleagues.

Colleagues may or may not like each other

LOVEA informalized intimate relationship

characterized by passion, intimacy, trust & respect is called love.

Individuals in a romantic relationship are deeply attached to each other & share a special bond

MARRIAGE

Marriage is a formalize intimate relationship or a long-term relationship where two individuals decide to enter into wedlock & stay together life-long after knowing each other well.

PLATONIC RELATIONSHIP A relationship between two individuals

without feelings of sexual desire for each other is called a platonic relationship.

In such a relationship, a man & a woman are just friends & do not mix love with friendship.

Platonic relationships might end in a romantic relationship with partners developing feelings of love for each other.

CASUAL RELATIONSHIPS In these relationships, the individuals

usually develop a relationship that exclusively lacks mutual love & consists of sexual behaviour only that does not extend beyond one night.

These individuals may be known as sexual partners in a wider sense of friends with benefits who consider sexual intercourse only in their relationship.

BROTHERHOOD & SISTERHOODIndividuals united for a common

cause or a common interest (may involve formal membership in clubs, organization, associations, societies, etc.) may be termed as a brotherhood or a sisterhood.

In this relationship, individuals are committed to doing good deeds for fellow members & people.

ACQUAINTANCESAn acquaintance is a relationship

where someone is simply known to someone by introduction or by a few interaction.

There is an absence of close relationship & the individuals lack in-depth personal information about other.

This could also be a beginning of a future close relationship.

PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Orientation

IdentificationExploitation

Resolution

Hildegard Peplau(1952) gave the interpersonal relationship model.

ORIENTATION Start with an initial encounter with

nurse & patient The pact formulation begins between

the nurse & the patient.The nurse clarifies his or her roles &

responsibilities within the therapeutic boundary to the patient.

The Nurse identifies the patient’s problem & settles on the type of nursing services needed.

CONT…After developing a trustworthy

relationship, the patients start clarifying doubts, share perceptions & convey their needs & expectation to the nurse.

There are several factors that may affect this phase in a nurse-patient relationship

Values•Culture •Beliefs

•Past experience•Expectations

•Preconceived ideas

Values•Culture race

•Beliefs•Past experience

•Expectations•Preconceived

Nurse Patient Relationship

IDENTIFICATION The nurse must approach the

patient with empathic understanding to perceive the patient’s current feeling.

The nurse must avoid vagueness & ambiguity by using specific terminology rather than abstractions in communication process.

CONT…The nurse helps the patients

identify their problems in their own context & use the available resources to solve the problem.

The patient’s self esteem will be boosted by having feelings of belongingness.

EXPLOITATION In this phase, the patient are made to

understand the problems by exploring all available avenues to solve the problem.

The nurse can help the patient by extending minimal professional assistance to learn how to solve the problem.

The patient starts exploitation all the available resources in spite of making requests to others to extend help

Finally the patient is able to deal adequately with his or her problems

RESOLUTION This is the termination of the professional

relationship that begins with convalesce &rehabilitation stage of hospitalization.

The patient’s needs have already been met by the collaborative efforts of the patient & the nurse in previous phases.

If psychological dependence persists between both of them, it become difficult to resolve the transferences or counter transferees. A nurse must aware of the techniques to resolve it.

The relationship must be terminated by maintaining a healthier emotional balance by both the parties.

BARRIERS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Barriers

Socio cultural

Situational Personal

TYPES OF BARRIER

PersonalBarriers

Lack of honesty & trust

Gender Psychiatry problems

Fear of rejection

Feeling of compatibilit

yFeeling of insecurity

Ineffective communi-

cation

Distorted self

concept

Lack of flexibility

Lack of respect

Situational barrier

•Complex interaction settings

•Adverse environmental situation

•Lack of territoriality•High density of

individual•Large distance •Lack of time

Cultural diversity

Ethnic diversity

Social diversity

Language diversity

Socio cultural barriers

BARRIERS OF IPR & METHOD OF OVERCOMING THESE

BARRIERS Categories of

barrierDescription of barrier of IPR

Methods of overcome

barrier of IPR

Personal barrier Gender variation In IPR, gender must to given due consideration

Lack of honesty & trust

Honesty & trust must be maintained while establishing & building IPRs

Categories of barrier

Description of barrier of IPR

Methods of overcome barrier of IPR

Personal barriers

Lack of compatibility

Compatibility between the individual involved in IPR must be ensured.

Feeling of insecurity

A sense of security must be ensured between the people involved in an IPRT

Ineffective communication

Effective communication is a key aspect of efficient IPRs, therefore, effective communication must be ensure.




Personal barriers

Distorted self-concept

Individuals involved in IPRs must have a sound self-concept & +ve self-esteem

Lack of flexibility There must be flexibility in ideology & philosophy of the individuals in a relationship for an effective adaptation & success of the IPR

Lack of respect for others rights

A mutual senses of respect must be ensured by the people involved in personal & professional relationships




Personal barrier

Fear of rejection

Fear of rejection must be eliminated between the individual involved in a relationship

Pre-existing psychiatric problem

Skilled therapeutic communication is required to interact with individuals suffers from psychiatric or personality problems.

Situational barrier

Complex interaction setting

The individuals must try to make the interaction setting simple & familiar & must make the other person feel important.




Situational barrier

•Adverse environmental situations•Lack of territoriality •High density of individuals

Special care must be taken while developing a relationship between individuals of diversified territories & high density or interaction in adverse environmental situations.

•Lack of distance•Lack of time

Even in an organization, individuals must spend quality time with their co-workers to strengthen the bond between them




Socio cultural barriers

•cultural diversity •Ethnic diversity •Social diversity

Individual can try to overcome cultural diversity to trying to enhance the four primary factors that decide interaction patterns (such as openness, trust, owing & risk to experiment)

•Language diversity

Individuals must try to enhance interpersonal communication skills (such as maintaining good eye contact, appropriate body language, listening with patience, etc.)

JOHARI WINDOW The johari window model is a simple &

useful tool for illustrating & improving self-awareness & mutual understanding between individuals within a group.

The johari window terminology refers to self & others.

Self refers to the person subject to the Johari window analysis & others refers to other people in the person’s group or team.

FACTS RELATED TO JOHARI WINDOW The johari window model was devised by

American psychologist, Joseph Luft& Harry Ingham, in 1955.

The model was first published in proceedings of the Western Training Laboratory in Group Development by UCLA extension Office in 1955.

The Johari window model represents self-awareness of an individual towards himself or herself, & later on become a widely used model for self-development by helping the person understand & learn about improvement of communication skills & IPRs

known to self unknown to self

Known to Others

Unknown to Others

The open or public self

The unknowing

self

The Private self

The unknown self

THE OPEN OR PUBLIC SELFThe upper left quadrant of the

window represents the part of the self that is public; that is, aspect of the self about which both the individual & others are aware.

EXAMPLE Susan, a nurse who is the adult child of an

alcoholic, has strong feelings about helping alcoholics to achieve sobriety. She volunteers her time to be a support person on call to help recovering alcoholics. She is aware of her feelings & her desire to help others. Members of the alcoholics Anonymous group in which the volunteers her time are also aware of Susan’s feelings & they feel comfortable calling her when they need help refraining from drinking.

THE UNKNOWING SELFThe upper right (blind) quadrant

of the window represents the part of the self that is known to others but remains hidden from the awareness of the individual.

EXAMPLE When susan takes care of

patients in detox, she does so without emotion, tending to the technical aspects of the task in a way that the clients perceive as cold & judgmental. She is unaware that she comes across to the clients in this way.

THE PRIVATE SELFThe lower left quadrant of the window represents the part of the self that is known to the individual, but which the individual deliberately & consciously conceals from others.

EXAMPLESusan would prefer not to take

care of the client in detox because doing so provokes painful memories from her childhood. Because she does not want the other staff members to known about these feelings, however, she volunteers to take care of the detox client whenever they are assigned to her unit.

THE UNKNOWN SELFThe lower right quadrant of the window represent the part of the self that is unknown to both the individual & to others.

EXAMPLE Susan felt very powerless as a child

growing up with an alcoholic father. She seldom knew in what condition she would find her father or what his behaviour would be. She learned over her life situation, & left home as soon as she graduated from high school. The need to stay in control has always been very important to susan, & she is unaware that working with recovering alcoholics helps to ful fill this need in her. The people she is helping are also unaware that susan is satisfying an unfulfilled personal need as she provides them with assistance.

FUNCTIONS OF JOHARI WINDOW MODEL It has become a widely used model for

understanding & training self-awareness & personal development & improving communication, IPRs, group dynamics, team development & inter-group relationships.

It puts emphasis on soft skills, behaviour, empathy, cooperation, inter-group development & interpersonal development.

It can also be used to improve an individual’s relationship with others or a group’s relationship with other groups.

CONT… The model is a simple & useful tool for

illustrating & improving self-awareness & mutual understanding between individuals in a group.

The Johari model can also be used to assess & improving self-awareness & mutual understanding between individuals in a group.

The johari window actually represents information –feelings, experiences, views attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation, etc. -within or about a person in relation to their group from four perspectives.

The johari window provides a useful way to graphically visualize the process of self-disclosure.

Thank you

Interpersonal relationship

Education

Transcript of Interpersonal relationship