Anders P. Mynster, apm@delta.dk

Senior Consultant EMC & Wireless

March 2016

Interoperability within the IoT

APM@DELTA.dk

ASICs enabling IoT

Technical details for THOR

Front-end comply with ISO 14443A-4 and ISO 15693

Fully configurable temperature logging profile in the

range -30°C to + 100ºC with accuracy: ±0.5°C (abs),

±0.1°C (relative)

16 bits linear low-offset Sigma-Delta

SPI master interface for auxiliary slave

openMSP430 CPU

Available as Tested Dies (KGD) or in QFN

DES encryption hardware support

12 K samples storage capacity

Firmware upgradable

Ultra low power tag storage mode (< 0.1μA)

Ultra low power clock -

optional external crystal

Can be operated with and without

battery power

External sensor can be attached

Levels of interoperability

Co-existence

Cyber security

Standards

System guidelines

IoT specific interoperability challenges

IoT definitions

• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a framework in which all things

have a representation and a presence in the Internet. More

specifically, the Internet of Things aims at offering new

applications and services bridging the physical and virtual

worlds, in which Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications

represents the baseline communication that enables the

interactions between Things and applications in the cloud. –

IEEE Communication society

IoT-A Reference Architecture

Source: Internet of Things – Architecture IoT-A D1.5

IoT system components

ActuatorSensor

RF

App

Api

Thing

Analog

Digital

Rule based engine

Device security

Device management

Analytics Storage

Event

Trigger

IDRF IP

IoT system example

Nordic IoT centreRoad to Manufacturing Solutions

Concept validation

Services

Concept validation

State-of-the-art

Pretotyping

Context validation

Design panel

User interactions

Regulatory strategy

Quality Process

Business model

Cloud implications

Quality Process

Feasibility studies

Link budget validation

Environment evaluation

Perceptual evaluation

Conformance Req. Spec.

Choice of Wireless Tech.

System design

Requirement Specification

Prototyping

Sensor hardware

Sensor algorithm

Energy Harvesting

Battery lifetime

Risk Assessment

IC Design Services

Digital

Analog

Mixed signal

Layout

DFT

Foundry libraries

Optical sensors

RF

Power management

Ultra low power

Front-end

Back-end

IC manufacturing

Wafer purchase

Wafer storage

Wafer testing

Package design

Package Evaluation

Encapsulation

IC testing

Storage & shipping

Yield Analysis

Supply chain optimization

Supply chain management

LAT

HTOL

IoT device design

PCB layout

Design for manufacturing

EMS

Antenna Design

Prototyping

Small series

Scale to Volume

Embedded software

App development

Cloud implementation

Test & validation

Accredited conformance testing

ElectroMagnetic Compatibility(EMC)

Real-life RF environments

Environmental Impact

Product Safety Evaluation

Approval Management

Technical construction file

Extreme test

Software validation

Failure Analysis

Troubleshooting

Bluetooth DSRC 915 MHz Millenial Net 6LowPAN

Bluetooth ULP DSRC 5.7GHz Weightless LoRa

RF4CE EnOcean WirelessHD(HR PHY) LTE-M

ZigBee, 2.4 GHz MiWi, 2.4 GHz WirelessHD(LR PHY) IEEE 802.11ac

ZigBee, 915 MHz (USA) MiWi, 915 MHz (USA) WirelessHART KNX-RF

ZigBee, 868 MHz (EU) MiWi, 868 MHz (EU) ISA-SP100.11a SigFox

ZigBee PRO, 2.4 GHz WAP DECT 6.0 NB-IoT

802.11 FHSS 6LowPAN/IPv6 Cat-iq Clean Slate

Wi-Fi classic SimpliciTI GSM (2G) Analog

Wi-Fi 11a Sensinode GPRS/EDGE (2.5G) LTE-NB

Wi-Fi 11b

Wireless Desktop

Protocol UMTS/CDMA (3G) Ingenu

Wi-Fi 11g Synapse wireless HSPA (3.5G) HaLowTM

Wi-Fi 11n Scatterweb LTE Advanced (4G) TETRA

Z-Wave(EU) KNX UWB-WiMedia Proprietary

Z-Wave(US) DECT NFC (passive +active) UWB-WiMedia

Z-Wave(Far East) WirelessUSB(cypress) NFC active only

Ant RuBee WiMax(WiBro in Japan)

Wavenis Cwave(pulse link) RLAN

Wireless USB TransferJet Ensation

Wireless M-bus MediaFLO TinyMesh

Wireless Technologies

Standards for technical components

Source: IERC Semantic interoperability, March 2015

Levels of interoperability

"the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange data

and use information" - 3GPP

Technical – M2M, 802.11x, USB, RS485

Syntactical – HTML, XML, HTTPs, MQTT

Semantic – the meaning of the data

Organisational – meaningful data to support business via API

Shared

Concerns

Healthcare

Home & Building

Retail

Energy

Manufactur-ing

Mobility/Transpor-tation

Logistics

Media

17

IEEE P2413 – Stakeholder analysis

Utilities

Hospitals & Doctors

ICT infrastructure

providers

Public transport

companies

City authorities

Automation equipment providers

Application

developers

Consumer equipment providers

Appliances

providers

Manufacturing industries

Logistics

companies

Regulators

Consumers

Facility management

Insurance companies

* due to the diversity of IoT application areas only selected domains and

stakeholders are shown

Retail stores

P2413 - Architecture Framework Dev Process

Standards verticals and horisontals

Nordic IoT centre – the philosophy

• Simulations and ideas to be proven in the real world

• Partnership and community driven development

• Understanding IoT requirements

• Technological foundation

• Application centered

• Secure solutions

• Scalability

• Availability

Co-existence ERC/REC 70-03

Radio interference

22

WiFi

Wireless Camera

Cyber security

• Eavesdropper is listening in on data or commands to reveal

confidential information about the operation of the infrastructure

• Fake device is injecting fake measurements and data to disrupt the

control processes and cause them to ract inappropriately,

dangerously or can be used to mask physical attacks

23

Cyber security – Covering the basics

• OWASP IoT top 10 Seven strategies

– Insecure web interface

– Insufficient Authentication

– Insecure network services

– Lack of transport encryption

– Privacy concerns

– Insecure cloud interface

– Insecure mobile interface

– Insufficient security configurability

– Insecure software/firmware

– Poor physical security

Source: Tripwire - Defending industrial control systems with tripwire based on

- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

- National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center(NCCIC)

- National Security Agency (NSA)

Standards

Source: https://xkcd.com/927/

TR 103 375 on IoT Landscaping

• 329 standards identified– allocated to

• 7 vertical IoT Domains (LSPs)

• 7 Knowledge Areas (AIOTI WG3)

– 150 Generic Standards

• Common to 3+ vertical domains

– 179 Domain-specific Standards

• Over 70% of standards in– Communication and connectivity

– Integration/Interoperability

– IoT Architecture

• Common standards mostly in– Communication and connectivity

– Integration/Interoperability

– Device and sensor technology

– Infrastructure

TR 103 376 IoT Gap Analysis

• What gaps are

– Missing standards; missing APIs

– Duplications requiring harmonization

– Missing interoperability profiles

• Technical/Business/Societal gaps

– Security & privacy classified as Societal gaps

• Gaps Identification

– Survey in the IoT community (215 answers)

– Complemented by the STF experts analysis

• Dissemination of STF results

– Towards the IoT community e.g., LSPs

• Resolution of gaps

– Left to the proper organizations in the IoT commuiity

General requirements for an IoT system

• Regulation Compliance

• Autonomous Network functionality

• Auto-configuration

• Scalability

• Discoverability

• Heterogeneity

• Unique Identification

• Useability

• Standardised interfaces

• Well defined components

• Network connectivity

• Time Awareness

• Location Awareness

• Context & Content Awareness

• Modularity

• Reliability

• Security

• Confidentiality and Privacy

• Lagacy components

Manageability

• Risk Management

Source: Study Report on IoT Reference Architectures/Frameworks, ISO/IEC August 2014

Consider the application from multiple stakeholders

Look at interoperability in the perspective of

– Technical

– Syntactic

– Semantic

– Organisational

Remember that you are not alone in the world

– Co-existence

– Cyber security

Standard landscape reports – remeber the requirements

Conclusion

Thank you for your attention

Anders P. Mynster, apm@delta.dk

Senior Consultant EMC & Wireless

November 2016