Interoperability for the Enterprise...zISO 19126 -Profile -FACC Data Dictionary zISO 19127 -Geodetic...
Transcript of Interoperability for the Enterprise...zISO 19126 -Profile -FACC Data Dictionary zISO 19127 -Geodetic...
W hat we are going to talk about
Defining Interoperability
Standards a key com ponent
ISO
W 3C
G eographic standards
The w ork of ISO TC211 and OGC and others
Understanding Geospatial Standards
GeoW eb Service Standards
Portals
CAD
Im agery
M odels
Tables
Features
Surveys
GIS Services
W eb Services Networks
Social Factors
Roads/Infrastructure
Signal Intelligence
Land Use/Land Cover
Environm ent
Im agery
Base M aps
G IS has alw ays required Interoperability
Geographic analysisM ultiple sources, m ultiple organizations
Distributed w ithin a com m unity
M erging diverse inform ation types
Enterprise GIS
GIS evolving beyond isolated com m unities
GIS m erging w ith broader IT infrastructures
G IS W eb ServicesEnabled by distributed netw orks
Loosely coupled
G overnm ent PolicyEU Directives
US E-governm ent Act
Interoperability
Be able to:find w hat you need;
access it;
understand and em ploy it;
have goods and services responsive to the needs of
consum ers(2)
the ability of two or m ore system s or com ponents
to exchange inform ation and to use the
inform ation that has been exchanged (1)
(1) IEEE(2) ISO TC211
Types of interoperability
TechnicalM achine to m achine connections
Softw are m odule interaction
APIs
Sem anticCom m on understanding concepts, term s
inter-
Hum anCooperation
Legal /PolicyDigital rights, ow nership
=
Interoperability Enablers
Authorization
Copyright
Business Agreem ents
Policy Fram ework
Incentives to cooperate
Business M odels
Infrastructure
Networks
Support for m ultipleLanguages
Custom s
View s
Data Form ats
Projections
Datum s
M etadata
Shared Best Practices
Standards
How does ESRI address interoperability enablers?
Participating in Standards
to understand interoperability and im plem ent standards
from DIM E > SDTS > VPF > KM L > GM L3.2
w ith dom ain specialists to develop standardized data/inform ation m odels
as good GIS citizens to consensually develop good standards and
specifications
Providing
GIS education, publications
ETL capabilities to transform betw een form ats and m odels
the GeographyNetw ork and ArcW eb Services
Supporting
organizations w hich prom ote interoperability and the use of standards
GSDI, Digital Earth, FGDC, GeoConnections
Participation in Standards
Im plem enting
Platform
GIS standards
IT/industry standardsDevelopm ent
International StandardsRegional StandardsNational StandardsInform ation Com m unity Standards
UNIX®
W hat is a standard?
Definition:
Docum ented agreem ents
betw een a provider and a consum er
Reference docum ents
used in public contracts or international trade
Definitions of characteristics, Technical specifications, precise criteria, rules, guidelines,
Function:
Ensure m aterials, products, processes and services are fit for purpose
Help ensure interoperability
Prom ote innovation, com petition, com m erce and free trade
As defined by ISOhttp://w w w.iso.ch
Functions
Standards
Consensus technical solutions
Political com prom ise
Technology transfer
Dem ocratic m echanism
From H.Tom Standards for Enabling International Interoperability
Standards
M ake things w ork affect every aspect of life
W idespread use of Standards
M ake things w ork around the w orld
Increase efficiency -globally
Developing standards is a lot of w ork
M any organizations involved
Take tim e to develop
Com plicated
20% technical 80% political
International Organizationfor Standardization
Founded in 1947
146 m em ber nations
1 m em ber per country (represented through national standards organization ANSI, SAC, etc)
13700 standards, 3000 technical bodies, 30000 experts
NG O unlike UN
Delegates not national governm ents
Roots in private sector and industry associations
Hallm ark of ISO Brand
Equal footingEvery ISO m em ber institution has right to take part1 nation 1 vote regardless of size or econom ic strength
VoluntaryISO has no legal authorityAdopted by nations health, safety, etc
M arket drivenDeveloped by experts from industry, technical, business, governm ent, academ ic
Consensus Ensures w idespread applicabilityRem ain current
Benefits of ISO Standards
Business/Trade
W ide acceptance of products and services
Free to com pete in broader m arket
Rem ove technical trade barriers
Support political trade agreem ents
G overnm ent
Provides technical and scientific underpinnings for health,
safety, environm ental legislation
Consum ers
Provides assurance about quality, safety, & reliability
Contribute to quality of life
Proposal Stage
Preparatory Stage
Com m ittee Stage
Enquiry Stage
Approval Stage
Publication Stage
This is the stage to start product developm ent
This is the stage to use in RFP
This is the stage to start prototyping
The ISO Developm ent Process
All work perform ed in technical com m ittees (TC)
Form al ProcessRefined over 50 years
Stages and tim elines fully defined
Consensus basedDrafts considered until consensus reached through voting process by P-m em bers
Environm ental
Business Applications
Police
Planning
Roads
Utilities
Provides a Fram ework for Integrating GIS and Enterprise System s
W eb Services &M essaging
SO AP
W SDL
UDDIXM L
W eb Services Standards
W eb Services
An application that exposes a W eb-accessible
API.
A standard platform for building interoperable
distributed applications.
Achieves interoperability by relying on vendor
and platform neutral standards such as XM L
and XSD.
XM L eXtensible M arkup Language
XSD XM L Schem a Definition language
W eb Services Technology Stack
SOAP -Sim ple Object Access Protocol is a lightw eight XM L based protocol used for invoking w eb services and exchanging structured data and type inform ation on the W eb
UDDI -Universal Description Discovery and Integration provides a m echanism for clients to dynam ically find other w eb services.
W SDL -W eb Services Definition Language (W SDL) is an XM L docum ent that describes a W eb service. It specifies the location of the service and the operations (or m ethods) the service exposes.
Service Oriented Architecture*SOA
Service Provider
Service Requester
Service Broker Publish
Service
ServiceDescription
ServiceDescription
Client
*From W eb Service Architecture, 14 Nov. 2002
GIS Standardization functional areas
1. Basic Geographic Structures (sem antic interoperability)SDTS, ISO Spatial Schem a, Coordinate Ref System s standards
2. Content Description (sem antic interoperability)FACC, SDSFIE, Standardized Data M odels
ISO Feature Catalog M ethodology , UM L, Application schem a, FGDC M etadata, ISO M etadata
3. Data M anagem ent (sem antic and technical)OGC Sim ple Features
4. Data Form ats (technical interoperability)VPF, OGC GM L
5. Visualization (sem antic and technical)SLD, M IL-STD 2525
6. G eoW eb Services (technical interoperability)OGC Catalog, W eb Services, SOA
Using standardized spatial schem as
Using standardized m odeling languages
and rules for application schem as Street
Schem a forRulesRelationshipsDefinitionsBehavior
Topology
Vectors
Netw orks
Nam e
Parcel
Sm ithBuilding
provide geographic knowledge
1. Basic G eographic Structure
2. Content Description
3. Data M anagem ent4. Data Form at5. Visualization6. W eb services
Producing user view s
ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locationsISO 19101 -Reference m odelISO 19102 Overview -deletedISO/TS 19103 -Conceptual schem a languageISO 19104 -Term inologyISO 19105 -Conform ance and testingISO 19106 -ProfilesISO 19107 -Spatial schem aISO 19108 -Tem poral schem aISO 19109 -Rules for application schem aISO 19110 -Feature cataloguing m ethodologyISO 19111 -Spatial referencing by coordinatesISO 19112 -Spatial referencing by geographic
identifiersISO 19113 -Quality principlesISO 19114 -Quality evaluation proceduresISO 19115 -M etadataISO 19116 -Positioning servicesISO 19117 PortrayalISO 19118 -EncodingISO 19119 -ServicesISO/TR 19120 -Functional standards + new revISO/TR 19121 Im agery and gridded dataISO/TR 19122 -Qualifications and certification
of personnelISO 19123 -Schem a for coverage geom etry and
functions
ISO/RS 19124 -Im agery and gridded data com ponents
ISO 19125 -Sim ple feature access Part 1-3ISO 19126 -Profile -FACC Data DictionaryISO 19127 -Geodetic codes and param etersISO 19128 -W eb M ap Server InterfaceISO 19129 -Im agery, gridded and coverage data
fram eworkISO 19130 -Sensor and data m odel for im agery
and gridded dataISO 19131 -Data product specificationISO 19132 -Location based services possible standardsISO 19133 -Location based services tracking and navigatioISO 19134 -M ultim odal location based services
for routing and navigationISO 19135 -Procedures for registration of
geographic inform ation item sISO 19136 Geography M arkup Language (GM L)ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schem a and of sim ilar im portant other schem asISO 19138 -Data Quality M easuresISO 19139 -M etadata -Im plem entation SpecificationISO 19140 -Technical am endm ent to the ISO 191** Geographic inform ation series of standards for harm onization and enhancem entsISO 19141 M oving featuresISO 19142 W eb Feature ServiceISO 19143 Filter EncodingISO 19144 Classifications System s
ISO TC 211 Projects
The Foundation
Fram ew ork/standards infrastructure
Basic architecture
Locate, understand
M etadata
Quality
Basic structure
Spatial, tem poral schem as
CRS definition
Access
Sim ple feature access
W eb m ap services
Data content description
Feature Catalog M ethology
Rules for Application Schem a
Adv.G-Strat
W G 2Geospatialm odels
and operators
W G 3Geospatial
dataadm inistration
W G 4Geospatialservices
W G5Profiles andFunctionalstandards
W G 1Fram ew ork andReferencem odel
M HT
SW G-QC
Otherprojects
AG Registry
AG LBS
Chairm anOlaf Østensen
Norw ay
O rganization 1994-2001
AG Strategy
W G 6
Canada
W G 7Antony CooperSouth Africa
W G 8M artin Ford
UK
W G 9 Hiroshi Im ai
Japan
W G 4M orten Borrebæ k
Norw ay
G eospatial services
Im agery Inform ationcom m unities
Locationbasedservices
Inform ationm anagem ent
AG Outreach
M HT
Chairm anOlaf ØstensenSecretary
Bjørnhild Sæ terøyNorw ayTM G
TF 211/204
ISO TC 211 Organization 2002 -present
Countries + 61 Liaison organizations + 26 Standards com m ittees + 13
ISO TC211 StandardsUsed by ESRI Developm ent
ISO 6709:1983 Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations
ISO 19101:2002 Reference m odel
ISO/TS 19103:2005 Conceptual schem a language
ISO 19105:2000 Conform ance and testing
ISO 19106:2004 Profiles
ISO 19107:2003 Spatial schem a
ISO 19108:2002 Tem poral schem a
ISO 19109:2005 Rules for application schem a
ISO 19110:2005 M ethodology for feature cataloguing
ISO 19111:2007 Spatial referencing by coordinates
ISO 19112:2003 Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
ISO 19113:2002 Quality principles
ISO 19114:2003 Quality evaluation procedures
ISO 19115:2003 M etadata
ISO 19116:2004 Positioning services
ISO 19117:2005 Portrayal
ISO 19118:2005 Encoding
ISO 19119:2005 Services
ISO/TR 19120:2001 Functional standards
ISO/TR 19121:2000 Im agery and gridded data
ISO/TR 19122:2004 Qualification and certification of personnel
ISO 19123:2005 Schem a for coverage geom etry and functions
ISO 19125-1:2004 Sim ple feature access --Part 1: Com m on architecture
ISO 19125-2:2004 Sim ple feature access --Part 2: SQL option
ISO/TS 19127:2005 Geodetic codes and param eters
ISO 19128:2005 W eb m ap server interface
ISO 19131:2007 Data product specifications
ISO 19132:2007 Location-based services --Reference m odel
ISO 19133:2005 Location-based services --Tracking and navigation
ISO 19134:2007 Location-based services --M ultim odal routing and navigation
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for item registration
ISO 19136:2007 Geography M arkup Language (GM L)
ISO 19137:2007 Core profile of the spatial schem a
ISO/TS 19138:2006 Data quality m easures
ISO/TS 19139:2007 M etadata --XM L schem a im plem entation
for a changing world.
Open Geospatial ConsortiumSpatial connectivity
Vision
A world in which everyone benefits from geographic inform ation and services m ade available across any network, application, or platform
M ission
Our core m ission is to deliver spatial interface specificationsthat are openly available for global use
W hat is the OGC?
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Global, not-for-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization
Over 350 industry, governm ent, research and university m em ber organizations
Founded in 1994, Incorporated in US, UK, Australia
OGC leads the development, testing, promotion and harmonization of open spatial standards
W here does OGC fit in the
OASIS/IETF / W 3C
Infrastructure: W SDL,
UDDI, SOAP, XM L
ISO/ Other NationalDom ains:
Object/Abstract M odels, Content,
Vocabulary
O G C
Softw are Interfaces: Instantiate Dom ain and Dejure into Infrastructure
De Facto
De Jure
Dom ain Infrastructure
Specification Program
Board of Directors
Executive Director & Staff
Interoperability Program
Participants
Sponsors
Init. M gm t. Team
Interop.Initiative
Participants
Sponsors
Init. M gm t. Team
Interop.Initiative
Participants
Sponsors
Init. M gm t. Team
Interop.Initiative
IP M anagem ent Team
StrategicM em berAdvisoryCom m ittee
SpecialInterestG roup(SIG )
SpecialInterestG roup(SIG )
W orkingG roup(W G)
TechnicalCom m ittee
PlanningCom m ittee
M arket and Regional Program s
Strategic Alliances
Education
StandardsLiaison
StandardsLiaison
StandardsLiaison
Sub-Com m ittee
Sub-Com m ittee
Sub-Com m ittee
O utreach & Com m unityAdoption
Adopted OGC SpecificationsIm plem ented by ESRI
Catalogue Service Coordinate Transform ation Filter Encoding Geographic Objects Geography M arkup Language GM L in JPEG 2000
Grid Coverage Service Location Services (OpenLS)Observations and M easurem ents Sensor M odel Language Sensor Observation Service Sensor Planning Service
Sim ple Features
Sim ple Features CORBA
Sim ple Features OLE/COM
Sim ple Features SQL
Styled Layer Descriptor
Sym bology Encoding
Transducer M arkup Language
W eb Coverage Service
W eb Feature Service
W eb M ap Context
W eb M ap Service
W eb Processing Service
W eb Service Com m on
OGC specs equivalent in ISO
OGC Grid Coverages
ISO 19123 Schem a for coverage geom etry and functions
OGC Sim ple Feature Specification SQL
ISO 19125-1 Sim ple feature access -Part 1: Com m on architecture
ISO 19125-2 Sim ple feature access -Part 2: SQL Option
OGC W eb M ap Service
ISO 19128 W eb M ap Server interface
Geography M arkup Language
ISO 19136 GM L
OGC W eb Feature Service
ISO 19142 W eb Feature Service
OGC Filter Encoding
ISO 19143 Filter Encoding
These last tw o are now in developm ent in ISO
Exam ples of Standards and Organizations in w hich ESRI participates to establish Technical Interoperability
ISO 19139 M etadata XM L Schem a OGC W M S
OGC GM L
Exam ples of Standards and Organizations in w hich ESRI participates to establish Sem antic Interoperability
ISO 19115 M etadataTitle = nam e by w hich the resource is know n
m sgType = the code denoting the nature of the alert m essage.<elem ent nam e = "m sgType">
<sim pleType nam e = "m sgType" ><restriction base = "string"><enum eration value = "Alert"/><enum eration value = "Update"/><enum eration value = "Cancel"/><enum eration value = "Ack"/><enum eration value = "Error"/></restriction></sim pleType></elem ent>
FG DC Fram eworkdata m odels
OASIS Com m on Alerting Protocol-CAP
Standards which define term s, concepts, and inform ation schem as
M ilitary/Intel/NATO, Hydrographic, Em ergency
Digital Geographic Inform ation W GTechnical Panels and Project Team s
Data Access TPData Structures TPService and Interface TP
M ulti-National Geospatial Co-production Program
Geospatial-Intelligence Standards W orking GroupCom m unity Sensor M odel W orking Group (CSM W G) Geographic Portrayal Focus Group (PFG) M etadata Focus Group (M FG) Inform ation Transfer & Services Architecture (ITSA FG)
Transfer Standard M aintenance and Application Developm ent W orking Group
Geospatial M aritim e W G2
Em ergencyM anagem entTechnicalCom m ittee
Regional StandardsESRI Participation European Activities
European Com m ittee for StandardizationCom ité Européen de Norm alisationCEN TC 287
Sponsor secretariat (Developm ent)EU M etadata Profile (Im plem enting)
INSPIRESpatial Data Interest Com m unities SDIC (Developm ent)G eo-portal (Im plem enting)
Accredited by
ESRI is a principle m em ber INCITS L1 Subcom m ittee for geographic inform ation
Review , com m ent and approve US National Standards
by ANSI/INCITS
US TAG for ISO TC 211
Leading the developm ent of a North Am erican Profile of the ISO M etadata standards
ANSI/INCITS 320-1998 -Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
ANSI/INCITS 353-2001 -Inform ation technology -Geographical Inform ation System s -Spatial Data Standard for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environm ent (SDSFIE)
ISO 19100 standards adopted
National StandardsESRI Participation
Developm ent Im plem enting
GIS Abstracts Geography into a M odern Inform ationTechnology Fram ew ork
M etadata
M odelsM aps
GeodataSets
DataM odels
G eodatabase
EncapsulatingReal W orld Know ledge
Data M anagem ent
GeoVisualization Decision Support
G IS
. . . Together They Represent the Building Blocks of Geographic Know ledge
G eodata Sets
Process and W orkflow M odels
M aps and Globes
M etadata
Data M odels
G IS abstracts geography into five basic elem ents
Com m unity standardized Schem as to define rules, relationships, definitions, behavior Data M odels
Standardized GIS Data M odels
AddressAgriculturalAtm osphericBase M apBiodiversityCensus-Adm inBoundariesDefense-IntelEnergy UtilitiesEnvironm ental ForestryGeologyGroundw aterHealth
Historic Preservation & ArchaeologyHom eland SecurityHydroIHOLand ParcelsLocal Governm entM arineNational CadastrePetroleumPipelineTelecom m unicationsTransportationW ater UtilitiesW ater
Simple feature classHaul Contains Z values
Contains M valuesGeom etry Point
NoNo
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
SHAPE Geometry Yes
HAULJOIN Long integer No 0
VESSELCODE Long integer No 0
CRUISE Long integer No 0
HAUL Long integer No 0
STATION_ID String No 7
SSTEMP Float No 0 0
BOTTOMTEMP Float No 0 0
EFFORT Float No 0 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50
TableDataSource
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
DESC_ String Yes 35
SOURCE String Yes 35
CONTACT String Yes 20
PREC String Yes 20
CREATE_DATE Long integer Yes 0
LAST_UPDATED Long integer Yes 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50
TableFishCatch
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
HAULJOIN Long integer No 0
SPECIESCODE Long integer No 0
LATINNAME String No 28
COMMONNAME String No 21
W EIGHTCPUE Double No 0 0
NUMBERCPUE Double No 0 0
Relationship class
Nam ePrim ary keyForeign key
TypeCardinalityNotification
Forward labelBackward label
No relationship rules defined.
DataSourceHasHaul
Origin table Destination feature class
Sim pleOne to m anyNone
HaulDataSource
DataSourceDataSourceIDDataSourceID
HaulNam e
Relationship class
Nam ePrim ary keyForeign key
TypeCardinalityNotification
Forward labelBackward label
No relationship rules defined.
HaulHasFishCatch
Origin feature class Destination table
Sim pleOne to m anyNone
FishCatchHaul
HaulHAULJOINHAULJOIN
FishCatchNam e
Local governm ent
Hom eland security
Agriculture
Cadastre
http://w ww.esri.com /softw are/arcgis/geodatabase/about/data-m odels.htm l
Created locally, regionally, nationally, globally by com m unity Subject M atter Experts
Data M odels
1. Digital orthoim agery2. Cadastral data 3. Geodetic control4. Elevation 5. Hydrography6. Transportation7. Governm ent Units
Candidate ANSI/INCITS-L1FGDC Fram ework Them e m odels
Conceptual view m ust be sem antically defined (and published) so others can decipher
M y viewYour view
Data M odelsArcG IS Data Interoperability Extension
M apping m y lexicon to yours
Process and W orkflow M odels
M aps and Globes
M etadata
Geodata Sets
Data M odels
G IS abstracts geography into five basic elem ents
. . . Together They Represent the Building Blocks of Geographic Know ledge
OGC Sim ple Feature Specification
Sim ple Feature specification defines:
Data access m odel
Database schem a
2D Geom etry m odel for points, lines,
polygons
-
and spatial reference
ISO and OGC specifications for sim ple
feature access
Geodata Sets
Geom etrySpatialReference
Point Line Area
DatabaseConnection
Type 1(e.g. string)
Query
Type 2(e.g. num ber)
Value
Cursor
G eom etry
Data Access
SSiimmppllee FFeeaattuurree mmooddeellData M odels
Sim ple Feature Im plem entation SQL Profile
Feature Tables contain row s (features) sharing com m on properties (Feature Attributes).
Geom etry is a Feature Attribute.
10
11
12
area1
area2
area3
yellow
green
Blue
13 area4 red
Feature
Feature AttributeGeometry
Feature Table
Geodata Sets
Geography M arkup Language (GM L)
GM L is an XM L based encoding standard for geographic inform ation
Defines an XM L schem a for representing geographic features (attributes, geom etries, relationships, etc).
GM L Objects can represent:
Features Coverages Geom etries
Topologies Observations Values
Coordinate Referencing Styles Dynam ic Features,
Geodata Sets
Because GM L is based on XM L, it leverages a w ealth of m ainstream (beyond the geographic com m unity) standards, tools and practices for data exchange being developed by several consortia around the w orld
for Encoding and Data M odeling Expression (DTD, RDF and XSD)
for Linking and Associating resources (XLink)for Selecting & Pointing (XPath, XPointer)for Transform ing content (XSLT)for Graphical rendering (SVG, VM L, X3D)
Geodata Sets
GM L Sim ple Feature Profile
Fixed schem a
3D coordinates
Sim ple geom etry (points, lines, polygons, m ultipart)
Point, M ultipoint - 2D or 3D points
Curve, M ulticurve - Linear interpolation betw een points
Surface, M ultisurface -Polygons w ith planar faces
Geom etry, M ultigeom etry - Potentially heterogeneous geom etry collections (m ixed point / line / polygon)
Dynam ic codelists (eg, coded value dom ain lists)
Reference links (can hrefto other resources, eg, for handling foreign/prim ary keys)
M etadata links (can hrefto m etadata)
Geodata Sets
Geodata Sets UM L/GM L Data M odel/Application Schem a
<elem ent nam e="Building" substitutionGroup="gm l:AbstractFeature"><com plexType>
<com plexContent><extension base="gm l:AbstractFeatureType">
<sequence><elem ent nam e="extent" type="gm l:SurfacePropertyType"/>
<elem ent nam e="address"><com plexType>
<sequence><elem ent nam e="Address" type="ex:AddressType"/>
</sequence></com plexType>
</elem ent><elem ent nam e="type" type="ex:BuildingTypeType"/>
</sequence></extension>
</com plexContent></com plexType>
</elem ent><com plexType nam e="BuildingPropertyType">
<sequence m inOccurs="0"><elem ent ref="ex:Building"/>
Data M odels
UM L
G M L
Geodata SetsUM L/GM L Data M odel/Application Schem a
<elem ent nam e="Building" substitutionGroup="gm l:AbstractFeature"><com plexType>
<com plexContent><extension base="gm l:AbstractFeatureType">
<sequence><elem ent nam e="extent" type="gm l:SurfacePropertyType"/>
<elem ent nam e="address"><com plexType>
<sequence><elem ent nam e="Address" type="ex:AddressType"/>
</sequence></com plexType>
</elem ent><elem ent nam e="type" type="ex:BuildingTypeType"/>
</sequence></extension>
</com plexContent></com plexType>
</elem ent><com plexType nam e="BuildingPropertyType">
<sequence m inOccurs="0"><elem ent ref="ex:Building"/>
Data M odels
UM L
G M L
GM L
M apInfo
Intergraph
Laser Scan
Autodesk
S-57
SDTS
VM L
VPF
W FS
XM L
M apping
Analysis
Visualization
ArcGIS Data Interoperability ExtensionInteroperability betw een form ats
Geodata Sets
Geodata Sets
Process and W orkflow M odels
M aps and Globes
M etadata
Data M odels
G IS abstracts geography into five basic elem ents
. . . Together They Represent the Building Blocks of Geographic Know ledge
M etadata
Data about Data (official definition)
Inform ation that describes a resource (data) so it can be understood
Ensures we find and use the right data for the right purpose
And used correctly
W ould you buy food or drink without knowing what it is?
title
supplemental informationabstract
time period
author
sources
(file) size
Geographic M etadata
Data about dataGeographic area coveredCurrencyRules of usePositional accuracyData dictionaryM eans of encodingDatumM ap projection
A Key interoperability technology:Producers explain their productUsers learn about products
Non standard products can be understood
M etadata UsesUnderstanding the right data for the right purpose
LocateFindDiscover
Structured searches vs. unstructured
EvaluateRestrictions
Quality
Reputation
ExtractOrder Dow nload
Em ployDefine,Apply,Use,&
Understand geographic know ledge
Pleasantville
Pleasantville
Pleasantville
Land Inform ation Ontario
Enterprise M etadata Strategy
M etadata data
describing inform ation
resources that
enable collaboration
Collaboration
interoperating
purposefully toward a com m on end
Interoperability
share and exchange inform ation
Interoperability
Collaboration
Technical (Physical)
Sem antic (Inform ation)
Business (Process)
Discover Find each
other
Determ ine
m eaning and
usefulness
Determ ine
business term s
and requirem ents
Trust Establish
physical
connection
trust
Establish
inform ation
provenance trust
Establish
business
relationship trust
Prepare Prepare for
physical data
exchange
Prepare to use
the inform ation
Enter into a
com m itm ent w ith
the other party
Transact Exchange the
physical data
Use the valid
inform ation
Establish
transaction
com pleteness
and
accountability
Stew ard Physically
safeguard and
protect the
data
Safeguard the
interpretations of
the inform ation
used
Safeguard the
organizations
involved in the
business
relationship 62
M etadata fram ew ork stages of collaboration
From Raphael Sussm an, 2003
ISO 19115:2003
Designed:
to support geographic inform ation;
to w ork w ith w ider inform ation technology standards and practices;
to support locate, evaluate, extract, em ploy
to serve the global com m unity, in a m ulti-national, m ulti-language environm ent;
based on a foundation of national, regional, and special inform ation com m unity standards and experiences
Developed through a rigorous, consensus ISO process
Provides a foundation for national, regional, and global interoperability
Sem antic Interoperability
fileIdentifier: 3A2234641211B12language: en
parentIdentifier: National M ap TopoSeries 864
hierarchyLevelNam e: (not needed)contact : CI_ResponsiblePartydateStam p : 20060417m etadataStandardNam e: ISO 19115:2003m etadataStandardVersion: (not needed) orm etadataStandardVersion: North Am erican Profile 1.0
M etadata
Identification inform ationConstraint inform ation
M aintenance inform ationReference system inform ation
Spatial representation infoData quality inform ation
Chapter 12
34
5
678
9
Distribution inform ationContent Inform ationM etadata is com posed of
inform ation chapters (packages)
ISO 19115:2003Defines how m etadata applies to a resource
M D_M etadata
<<Abstract>>DS_Aggregate
DS_DataSet
DS_Series DS_Initiative
GF_PropertyType
GF_FeatureType
FE_FeatureAttribute
FE_Feature
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*1..*
0..*
1..*
0..*
0..*
1..*
DS_Platform DS_Sensor DS_ProductionSeries
ISO 19115:2003Defines how m etadata applies to a resource
<<Abstract>>DS_Aggregate
DS_SeriesDS_Initiative
GF_PropertyType
GF_FeatureType
FE_FeatureAttribute
FE_Feature
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
0..*
1..*0..*
1..*
0..*
0..*
1..*
DS_PlatformDS_Sensor
DS_ProductionSeries
M etadataDataset
XYZ Points
3-D Features
Contours
LIDAR
or
or or
GIS -Evolving to a web service environm ent Providing Geospatial Services
. . . Dynam ically Integrating Our Com m on Geospatial
Know ledge
ProvidingOGC W eb Services
M apping services
View ing services
Application Services
GeoW eb
GIS
Services
W eb Services Networks
Environm ental
Business Applications
Police
Planning
Roads
Utilities
W eb Services &M essaging
XM L
W eb Services
OGC W eb Services
W eb M apping Service (W M S)
HTTP protocol for publishing a collection of layers as a m ap (PNG, GIF, JPEG)
W eb Feature Service (W FS)
HTTP protocol for publishing feature collections that m ay be queried and updated by clients ( features
W eb Coverage Service (W CS)
coverages -band raster data) that can be accessed by clients a sort of w eb based im age processing service (GeoTiff, HDF-EOS, DTED, NITF, GM L)
Catalog Services W eb (CS-W )
Defines several w eb interfaces for data discovery
How W M S works?
Server Client
GetCapabilities
Capabilities
GetM ap
M ap Im age
GetfeatureInfo
featureInfo
W M S request flow
W ebServer
ArcGIS
ArcIM S
ArcView
M innesotam apserver
W M Sservices
Nativeservices
W eb Browser
AutoCAD
GeoM edia
O racle
M apExtrem e
W M S Request
Request (HTTP CGI form )
Response (JPEG file)
WMS GetMapGIF or PNG representation of the data on the server. It does NOT return the actual data, only a bitmap of the data.
Roma
WMS GetFeatureInfo returns attribute data for a feature or coverage at a specified point.
Lat/Long
elev. = 237 m .
W M S can query by pointing.
Web FeatureServer
GetFeaturerequest:
W eb Feature Service (W FS) returns data
I-295Geometry &attributedata
Features are returned in GM L
How W FS works?
Server Client
GetCapabilities
Capabilities
DescribeFeatureType
Feature Schem a
GetFeatures
Features
W eb Coverage Service (W CS) 1.0
Scope: Retrieval of gridded, swath, TIN or other "coverage" data in binary or other form ats(HDF, GeoTIFF, NITF, NetCDF, JPEG2000, etc.)
Elevation, Orthoim agery
O perations:
GetCapabilities
DescribeCoverageType
GetCoverage
How W CS works?
Server Client
GetCapabilities
Capabilities
DescribeCoverageType
Coverage Schem a
GetCoverage
Coverage
OpenGIS® Catalog 2 Specification
Defines a com m on interface that enables diverse but conform ant applications to perform discovery, brow se and query operations against distributed and potentially heterogeneous catalog servers.
Three Parts:
Discovery Services: allow a client to locate m etadata that describes data.
Access Services: provide the client w ith m ethods to request services on the data.Direct Access provides the client w ith a handle w hich, w hen used by the client, provides data to the client.
M anagem ent Services: defines m ethods for a client to change the m etadata held by a catalog.
There are both tightly coupled (like CORBA) and loosely coupled (HTTP/XM L CS-W eb) profiles.
Som e bindings defined:Z39.50,
CS-W : ebRIM , ISO M etadata, OGC Core
Understanding OGC Catalog Services
Catalog
Specific Data M odel
Registry Inform ation M odel
describes
M apped to
Stored By Serves
Uses
Based On
eb-RIMISO FGDC
Dublin Core
FGDCISO ISO
19115,19119
M etadata
Data
Service
Resource
Service Requester
Client
Service Provider
Service
Service Broker
ServiceDescription
Catalog Services in A GeoPortalGatew ay to/from your GIS enterprise
Faster Discovery
Collaboration
Interoperability
Technology
Direct Access
Im proved quality
and coverage
3-D BaseM ap
(Cache)
2-D Base M ap
(Cache)
OGC W eb
Services
TrackingServices
GIS DataData
Stream s
Brow ser
Catalog Services
Catalog
M obile
Desktop GIS
Geo-processingServices Search
Channels Link Brow ser M apDow nload:
ArcGIS ExplorerToolbar for ArcM ap
Collaboration
W eb Services Platform
2-D &* 3-DDesktop View ers
Enterprise GeoPortal Data W arehouse
GIS Portal Toolkit
Client Applications
Service Provider
ServiceService Provider
DataService Broker
ServiceDescription
Service Requester
Client
The GIS Portal Toolkit addresses critical factors for success:
W 3C Service Oriented Architecture*
Service Provider
Service Requester
Service Broker Publish
Service
ServiceDescription
ServiceDescription
Client
*From W eb Service Architecture, 14 Nov. 2002
UsersUsers
G eoportal
Users
FTP
Data Servers
GIS Data
G eospatial ResourcesPublish GIS data and services
Docum ent in catalog
GISData
GISData
O G C W M S,W FS, W CS. . .
OGC Catalog Services(Z39.50CS-W )
ISO 19115 M etadata/ISO 19139 M etadata
XM L Schem a Im plem entation
O AI Protocolfor M etadataHarvesting
GIS Portal
Users
M etadata
Partners
Publishers-Data & Service Providers
Gazetteer
IndexM ap
CategoryData
Spatial
Thesaurus Categories
View
Search &Navigation
SupportingData Sets
Resource Producers Publish m etadata and provide Content
GIS PortalIntegrating Role
M aps
Analysis
InternetM ap Services
BoundariesTopography
Hydrology
Geodetics
Transportation
Im agery
Producers Users
GIS PortalIntegrating Role
Portals truly standards in actionPortal Toolkit -Interoperable Architecture
A w eb super siteGatew ay to a spatial data infrastructureProducers
Advertise, expose products
Share inform ation about holdings
Provide an understanding of data and services
UsersPerform efficient searches by requirem ents
Discover data and services
Determ ine fitness for use
Acquire access inform ation
Based on W 3C Service Oriented ArchitectureM etadata for data, services, activities, data m odels anything geospatialBringing the standards together:
ISO 19115
ISO 19139
FGDC M etadata
Dublin Core m etadata
W 3C SO ASR 168OAI M etadata harvestingOGC CS-W ISO, ebRIM , Z39.50
-W M S
-W FS
-W CS
-W M C
-OpenLS
CSWZ39.50O AI-PM HW eb FolderArcIM S
Server Com ponents
ISO
G IS Portal Site
DB2, O racle, SQ L Server
Catalog Service
Search
Z39.50
ArcIM S
CSW
W eb FolderO AI-PM H
W M S
W M C
W FS/G M LW CSArcIM S
FG DC
O pen LS
ArcIM S
SDE
M etadata Catalog
M etadataHarvester
PublishM ap
View er
Open LS
ESRI approach to interoperabilitySupporting M ultiple Approaches
. . . Providing An Open & Standards-based Environm ent. . . And Enabling Successful Collaborative System s
Simple feature classHaul Contains Z values
Contains M valuesGeom etry Point
NoNo
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
SHAPE Geometry Yes
HAULJOIN Long integer No 0
VESSELCODE Long integer No 0
CRUISE Long integer No 0
HAUL Long integer No 0
STATION_ID String No 7
SSTEMP Float No 0 0
BOTTOMTEMP Float No 0 0
EFFORT Float No 0 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50
TableDataSource
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
DESC_ String Yes 35
SOURCE String Yes 35
CONTACT String Yes 20
PREC String Yes 20
CREATE_DATE Long integer Yes 0
LAST_UPDATED Long integer Yes 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50
TableFishCatch
Data typeField nam ePrec-ision ScaleLengthDom ainDefault value
Allownulls
OBJECTID Object ID
HAULJOIN Long integer No 0
SPECIESCODE Long integer No 0
LATINNAME String No 28
COMMONNAME String No 21
W EIGHTCPUE Double No 0 0
NUMBERCPUE Double No 0 0
Relationship class
Nam ePrim ary keyForeign key
TypeCardinalityNotification
Forward labelBackward label
No relationship rules defined.
DataSourceHasHaul
Origin table Destination feature class
Sim pleOne to m anyNone
HaulDataSource
DataSourceDataSourceIDDataSourceID
HaulNam e
Relationship class
Nam ePrim ary keyForeign key
TypeCardinalityNotification
Forward labelBackward label
No relationship rules defined.
HaulHasFishCatch
Origin feature class Destination table
Sim pleOne to m anyNone
FishCatchHaul
HaulHAULJOINHAULJOIN
FishCatchNam e
Content Standards
Data M odels
M etadata (19115/19139)
Transform ation Procedures (ETL)
Form ats
Schem a
Sem antic
ETL = Extract, Transform & Load Data
Technology Standards
W eb Services
O G C/ISO
DXF, KM L . . .
W M S W FS W CS
W M S W FS W CS Catalog
ArcG IS Desktop
ArcIM S / ArcG IS Server
W FS-TGM L
M anagem ent Standards
Visualization Standards
Standards Organizations
GIS Education
Providing Data and Services
Basic Structure Standards
FedUC 2007 88
Standards Support Throughout GIS Life Cycle
4. Publish
Metadata Server
Catalog Service
Z39.50, CS-W 2.0, ebRIM
3. Catalog
ArcGIS Server
2. Docum ent (M etadata)
ISO 19115ISO 19115-2ISO 19139
ArcCatalog
1. Create Content
ArcMap & ArcCatalog
6. Use/Analysis
Support SF,W M S, W FS, GM L
ArcMap
5. Discover
Z39.50, CS-WMetadata Explorer
InternetSF -Binary,SF SQL Types & Functions
W M S, W FS,W CS
ArcGIS Portal ArcGIS Explorer
W *S