Internet of Things...IACDM –Introduction to the course –Matteo Cesana, Paolo Rocco and Letizia...

Internet of Things

Course Mechanics

IACDM – Introduction to the course – Matteo Cesana, Paolo Rocco and Letizia Tanca

The IIoT Team

Instructor– Matteo Cesana

• [email protected]• 02 2399 3695• http://home.dei.polimi.it/cesana

Teaching Assistant– Edoardo Longo

• [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://home.dei.polimi.it/cesana

mailto:[email protected]


Support Material and Syllabus

Course Web SiteBackground papers to be provided

http://home.deib.polimi.it/rocco/IACDM/index.html

http://home.deib.polimi.it/rocco/IACDM/index.html


Section Plan & Objectives

To give you a comprehensive view of the “Internet of Things”

To analyze the core components to make it happen– Focus on “Things” and “Connectivity”;

Hands on activities– Guidelines on how to operate “things” in the “Internet of Things”


The Course in a Nutshell

Background on IoT and IIoT– Evolution and definition

Tech Building Blocks, challenges and opportunities– Things, connectivity, platforms, data and analytics

Tech insight on reference Use Cases– Few examples– Worst practices


Hands On Activities

Operating Networks of Embedded Devices– Playing with ThingSpeak/SixthSense/NodeRed

Calendar November 19, 2019

Introduction and Impact


Ye “Old” Internet

”Information pull” paradigmStatic users accessing well known services

BackBone

Access Networks

User Terminals


Transition Steps

• Internet Clients are going Mobile (Cell Phones, PDAs), • 80% of “twits” coming from

mobile devices1

• 90% mobile user penetration in developed countries2

• Mobile Clients with Sensing and Actuating capabilities

• Client themselves becomeinformation/service producers

1FierceWireless 2011, http://www.fiercewireless.com/2 ITU 2016

http://www.fiercewireless.com/

http://www.fiercewireless.com/

The pulse of New York


IoT Technology Leaps

Devices– Size: CMOS miniaturization, micro-sensors (MEMS, materials

and circuits)– Energy: fuel cells batteries, energy scavenging– Mobility

Comm. Protocols– Low power wireless comm. technologies

Cloud-based resources– Diffusion of cloud services, architectures and processing

power


BackBone

Access Networks

User Terminals

Towards the IoT: “New” Internet users

Tiny, cheap yet powerful computers placed:

– In everyday items („embedded computing“)

– On the body („wearable computing“)

– In the environment („ambient intelligence“)

– In machineries („I4.0“)

“push & pull” traffic paradigm


Ambient Intelligence – Science Fiction

Minority Report, 2002 Steven Spielberg


Ambient Intelligence-Reality

Estimote


Future Internet

BackBone

Access Networks

User Terminals

EdgeNet

EdgeNet


IoT: What is it?

“A global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtual objects through the exploitation of data capture and communication capabilities. This infrastructure includes existing and evolving Internet and network developments…..”(CASAGRAS)

“A world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information network, and where the physical objects can become active participants in business processes..” (Future Internet EU Initiative)

“A world-wide network of uniquely addressable interconnected objects, based on standard communication” (ETP-EPOSS)

By 2020 50B connected devices (Cisco), 40ZB data (IDC)

2015: $692.6 Billion2020: $1.46 Trillion

IDC, Worldwide IoT Forecast Update, 2016-2020, May 2016

+16.1% CAGR

Smart Objects

Data

Pervasiveness

SeamlessCommunication


First Waves of IOT

VehiclesUp to $750 BilllionAutonomous driving, condition-based maintenance

CitiesUp to $1.7 TrilllionEnergy saving, public health, traffic

Logistics and NavigationUp to $750 Billlion

OfficesUp to $150 BilllionSecurity, energy

RetailUp to $1.2 TrilllionAutomated checkout

HomeUp to $150 BilllionAutomation & securityWork sites

Up to $930 BilllionOperations optimizationsSecurity/safety

FactoriesUp to $3.7 trillionOperations optimizationsHealth/safety

HumansUp to $1.6 TrillionHealth, Wellness, Fitness

McKinsey Global Institute, By 2025, IoT applications could have $11 Trillion impact, July 2015


IIoT and IoT

IIoTConnected Industrial

Medium/high cost assets(Aka Enterprise IoT)

IoTConnected low-cost end-

points(Aka Cosumer IoT)

Reactiveness

Cost


IIoT vs IoT

• Cyber-security is central in IIoT

• No temporary disruptions allowed

• IIoT often coexist with significant amount of legacy operationtechnologies (SCADA, PLCs; DCS)

• Robustness, resiliency and availability are a must

• User experience and usability not a must


IIoT is nothing newWe have been connecting smart industrial devices for decades

So why now?– IIoT is no longer only a IT "wiring problem” – we need data

• Industries recognizing the value of data flowing across departments– Convergence of IT and OT

• IT is from Mars, OT is from Venus– Integration does not happen just between systems on the plant floor

but involves corporate, customer, and partners– From proprietary/specialized technologies to open standards

• Remember the “field bus war”• migration from proprietary solutions to horizontal standards,

common IoT Framework, eco-system of tech partners, consortia


Old vs New IIoT

Proprietary Systems

Vendor Centric

Stand-alone player

End-to-End open Systems

Industry open standards

Collaborative partner ecosystems

IIoT Technology Building Blocks


IoT Ecosystem Components

M. Kranz, Building the Internet of Things, Wiley, 2015

The World IoT Forum 2015


IoT Building Blocks and Technical Challenges

Connectivity Data AnalyticsThings

SECURITY

RELIABILITY/ROBUSTNESS

Sensor HW/SW What pipesto use to getdata

Management Platform

How/Whereto store/use data

How/Whereto process data


IoT Challenges: Security

Scenario1:

– Bio-sensor detects heart attack and calls 911

– while waiting…

SECURITY

MessaggeFrom: Loony PharmaObj: new drug

Try our new product! MessageFrom: Health InsuranceObj: contract upgrade

The contract fee was unilaterally increased of 50%

1 from John Barret, TED talks


IoT Building Blocks and Challenges

Hardware level:– Data collected must be reliable/consistent– Device must live in harsh environment

Software level– Communication protocols must be robust to failures, changing

topologies, interferences, etc.– Self healing, self configuration functionalities needed

RELIABILITY/ROBUSTNESS


Strategic Investment Areas: perception of importance

Money is going to platforms, cloud-based systems, connectivity

Percentage of “important” responses

ON World/ISA Survey, Nov.2016


IoT Challenges: Things

Cost reductionMiniaturizationEnergy EfficiencyResiliencyDesign, H&M interfaces

Things


IoT Challenges & Core Blocks: Connectivity

What communication technologies?– Energy efficiency is a “must”– Single-hop vs Multi-hop

What communication protocols?– ”Classical protocols” not suited– The “integration issue”

Connectivity


IoT Challenges & Core Components: Data & Analytics

Scale (# devices)CISCO(2011): 50BGartner (2013): 26BMK (2011): 75B

Data Analytics

Internet of Things...IACDM –Introduction to the course –Matteo Cesana, Paolo Rocco and Letizia...

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