Internet Infrastructure 101 Up to Speed Session Jairo Gutiérrez [email protected].

Internet Infrastructure 101Up to Speed Session

Jairo Gutié[email protected]

2

Outline

• Brief History of the Internet• Evolution of the Internet• “Convergence”• Network Architecture Characteristics• Networks Protocols (TCP/IP)• Internet Infrastructure in NZ

NetHui 2012, Auckland

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Origins of the Internet

J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

4J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

5

Semi-Automated Ground EnvironmentSAGE


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MIT Lincoln Labs

IBM Hardware A/N FSQ-7

MITRE Corporation Systems Integration

System Development Corp.Software

Western ElectricControl Centers

BurroughsModems

Rand Corporation

ATTCommunications

SAGE



7

24 Centers100 operators24/7 operation


8


9


12


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Ferrite core memoryA/D and D/A conversionLight penMultiprocessingReal-time database management Distributed processingTimesharingInteractive displaysNetworking Marginal checking for component failureMemory cycle-stealing Buffered I/OCOMPOOL500,000 line real-time executive

Pioneering Features


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Estimated costs of SAGE:$ 8-12 billion in 1964 dollars

Fully operational in 1963

Decommissioned in 1983

Never saw a missile (or not on record!)



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Semi-Automatic Business-Research Environment (SABRE)

SAGE

IBM System 360

WWMCCS

Air Traffic Control

MIT-TX2 DEC PDP-10

Systems ManagementOrganizations as Systems

NASA Space Tracking

BEMEWS

The Programming ProfessionJ.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

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Brief History of the Internet

• Late 50s, early 60s: SAGE• Late 60s: ARPANET

– In 1969 there were 4 nodes: UCLA, UCSB, SRI, U. of Utah

– In July 1970: MIT, SDC, RAND and BBN were added

• Early 70s: TCP/IP (Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn)• Late 80s: NSFNET• 1989-90: World Wide Web (Sir Tim Berners-Lee)• Early 90s: Commercial Internet


•1960–1970s

Accelerating Technology Evolution

Mainframe

•1970–1980s

Mini/WAN

•1980–1990s

PC/LAN/NOS Networking1990–2000s

Source: Cisco

18NetHui 2012, Auckland

1982 83 84 85 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

10

20

30

40

50

0

Mill

ions

of

Host

s

Year

Internet Host Domain Growth, 1980-2000

60

70

00

www.nw.com

81 80

80

1980 J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

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More than two billion users and counting…

Word Wide Internet Usage Statistics


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Evolution of the Internet

• Connectivity

• Commodity: “plain old data service”

• No integrated infrastructure for service creation

• New differentiated services

• Services tailored to market segmentation and value

• Rapid deployment for services evolution and creation

Today’s Internet IntelligentInternet

Source: Cisco


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Business Requirements are the Driver

• Do more with less…– Support evolving

applications quickly– Scale the network to

accept new users– Reduce WAN and

management costs– Consolidate infrastructure

Source: Cisco


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Voice and Data

• VoiceCan “lose” small % packets

Must arrive in order

Delay tolerance—low

• DataCan’t lose ANY packets

Can arrive out of order

Store and forward—delay tolerant

Source: Cisco


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Two Solutions

Intelligent Queuing

MoreBandwidth

Source: Cisco


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Internet Hierarchy

• Routers and circuits• Multiple paths• Adaptive routing

Here

There

NAP NAP ISPPOP

ISPPOP

BackboneISP

Source: Cisco


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Internet Architecture Characteristics

Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand

– Hierarchical– Common standards– Common protocols

Source: Cisco

Function of Protocol in Network Communication

• The importance of protocols and how they are used to facilitate communication over data networks

–A protocol is a set of predetermined rules

Source: Cisco



Network protocols are used

to allow devices to

communicate

successfully

Source: Cisco

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• Example of different protocols and how they interact

Source: Cisco



• Technology independent Protocols Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality.

Source: Cisco


Layers with TCP/IP• Benefits of using

a layered model:- assists in protocol design

- fosters competition

- changes in one layer do not affect other layers

- provides a common language

Source: Cisco


Layers with TCP/IP• Protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation

Source: Cisco


Layers with TCP/IP• The process of sending and receiving messages

Source: Cisco

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

Source: Cisco


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The DP “Pendulum”

• Centralized systems (mainframes, etc)• Distributed systems (PCs)• Networked systems• Client-Server computing• Application Service Providers (ASPs)• Cloud Computing


Infrastructure pre- and UFB

NetHui 2012, Auckland 37

• Internet access network market share in the pre UFB world (approx.):• 85% are on chorus copper • 10% are on other cable networks • with remaining 5% mainly mobile

Source: NZ Herald, 6 July 2012

• UFB:

FTTN Cabinet

Chorus Internet Infrastructure - Copper

Internet Provider

www

DSLAM

Chorus Exchange

DSLAM

Chorus provides xDSL service to ISPs• Each home has ADSL, ADSL2+ or VDSL

modem installed• Chorus UBA service aggregates traffic from

homes and delivers to ISP via handover connection

• Chorus provides second tier faults service to ISP

• ISP provides authentication and first tier help desk

• Analogue voice service provided over same copper pair

ISPs can alternatively install their own equipment in exchanges and cabinets then ‘rent dark copper’ to provide xDSL services NetHui 2012, Auckland 38

FTTH Cabinet

Chorus Internet Infrastructure – UFB Fibre

Internet Provider

www

Chorus Exchange

OLT

Chorus provides UFB service to ISPs• Each home has ONT (Optical Network

Terminator) installed with Ethernet and analogue voice ports. Up to 20 homes connected via one fibre to equipment using splitter in cabinet or exchange

• Chorus UFB service delivers ISP a VLAN with traffic from homes via handover connection

• Chorus provides 2nd tier faults service to ISP• ISP provides authentication and 1st tier help

deskISPs can alternatively install their own equipment in exchanges and ‘rent dark fibre’ to provide services

NetHui 2012, Auckland 39

Internet Infrastructure 101Up to Speed Session

Jairo Gutié[email protected]

THANKS!

Internet Infrastructure 101 Up to Speed Session Jairo Gutiérrez [email protected].

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