Internet: a network of network
Transcript of Internet: a network of network
�In
tern
et:
a n
etw
ork
of
ne
two
rk
�T
he
inte
rne
t co
nsi
sts
of
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nd
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f sm
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ne
two
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Th
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ma
y b
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cati
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co
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ay
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om
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rcia
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on
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mili
tary
org
an
iza
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ns,
etc
.
2-1
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�N
AP
(N
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Acc
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Po
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:A
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tern
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wh
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vera
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me
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ge
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ase
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est
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�
Ro
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dd
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tern
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loca
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ISP
:In
tern
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Se
rvic
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rov
ide
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A lo
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ati
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e in
tern
et
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AN
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etw
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co
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etw
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th
at
spa
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rela
tive
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ma
ll a
rea
2-4
�P
roto
cols
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t o
f ru
les
an
d e
nco
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pe
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ta
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tern
et
use
s T
CP
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ran
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r C
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tern
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Pro
toco
lU
sed
fo
r a
ll in
tern
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tra
nsa
ctio
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sed
fo
r a
ll in
tern
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tra
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ctio
ns
�T
CP
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ta –
ho
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p
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led
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se
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ack
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ixe
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or
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ata
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on
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iles)
are
bro
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pa
cke
ts▪
No
t a
ll p
ack
ets
fro
m t
he
sa
me
file
will
fo
llow
th
e s
am
e p
ath
wa
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ata
mu
st b
e r
ea
sse
mb
led
at
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oth
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en
d
2-5
�IP
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ea
ls w
ith
th
e a
dd
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an
d p
ath
wa
ys
the
da
ta
tra
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ove
r th
e in
tern
et
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dre
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s
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very
de
vice
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nn
ect
ed
to
th
e in
tern
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ha
s a
n
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very
de
vice
co
nn
ect
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to
th
e in
tern
et
ha
s a
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ad
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ss
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ach
IP a
dd
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un
iqu
ely
ide
nti
fie
s th
at
de
vice
�T
he
ad
dre
ss is
fo
ur
sets
of
3-d
igit
nu
mb
ers
se
pa
rate
d b
y p
eri
od
s▪
Exa
mp
le: 9
5.1
60
.10
.24
0
2-6
�T
he
In
tern
et
is D
istr
ibu
ted
�N
o c
en
tra
lize
d c
on
tro
l of
the
inte
rne
t▪
If a
ny
on
e c
om
pu
ter
go
es
do
wn
, th
e in
tern
et
can
co
nti
nu
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un
ctio
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fu
nct
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llow
s fo
r e
xpa
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on
of
the
inte
rne
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s w
ell
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an
ea
sily
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ew
co
mp
ute
rs a
nd
ne
two
rks
to
the
inte
rne
t.
▪M
ust
ass
ign
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ad
dre
sse
s to
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mp
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to t
he
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rne
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ust
up
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te R
ou
ter T
ab
les
2-7
�C
lie
nt/
Se
rve
r M
od
el
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lien
t: a
co
mp
ute
r re
qu
est
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ta o
r se
rvic
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�S
erv
er:
a h
ost
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ute
r, a
ce
ntr
al c
om
pu
ter
sup
ply
ing
da
ta o
r se
rvic
es
req
ue
ste
d o
f it
▪
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rvic
es
can
be
re
qu
est
ed
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r th
e in
tern
et
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.g.,
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eck
yo
ur
ba
nk
acc
ou
nt
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clie
nt
pro
gra
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r co
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r fo
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ur
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ue
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o a
se
rve
r p
rog
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at
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ur
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nt
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r co
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r fo
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ur
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ue
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o a
se
rve
r p
rog
ram
at
yo
ur
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nk
. T
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r se
nd
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fo b
ack
to
yo
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nt
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r S
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eq
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ay
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om
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ter
on
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cal n
etw
ork
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ce a
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n h
old
a la
rge
da
tab
ase
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lien
ts o
n t
he
ne
two
rk m
ake
re
qu
est
s fr
om
th
e lo
cal s
erv
er
an
d t
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se
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r se
nd
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nly
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ata
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ee
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er
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de
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oth
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vid
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erv
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s to
an
d r
ece
ive
se
rvic
es
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m e
ach
o
the
r▪
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rvic
es
exe
cute
on
a t
em
po
rary
ba
sis
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.g.,
Inst
an
t M
ess
ag
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,
2-8
�T
he
Wo
rld
Wid
e W
eb
:
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row
sers
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oft
wa
re f
or
we
b-s
urf
ing
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xam
ple
s: In
tern
et
Exp
lore
r, N
ets
cap
e N
avi
ga
tor,
▪
Exa
mp
les:
Inte
rne
t E
xplo
rer,
Ne
tsca
pe
Na
vig
ato
r,
Mo
zilla
Fir
eF
ox,
Op
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ple
Ma
cin
tosh
bro
wse
r,
Sa
fari
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row
sers
do
2 k
ey
th
ing
s:
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oca
te w
eb
sit
es
via
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iqu
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dd
ress
es
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ea
d w
eb
pa
ge
s a
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pla
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em
2-1
0
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eb
site
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loca
tio
n o
n t
he
we
b t
ha
t h
as
a u
niq
ue
ad
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ss
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d a
se
t o
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terc
on
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cte
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eb
pa
ge
s, u
sua
lly o
n
the
sa
me
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rve
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erv
er
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xam
ple
: ww
w.b
arn
esa
nd
no
ble
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m,
ww
w.e
eci
s.u
de
l.e
du
▪T
he
we
bsi
te c
ou
ld b
e a
ny
wh
ere
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ot
ne
cess
ari
ly a
t co
mp
an
y h
ea
dq
ua
rte
rs
2-1
1
�W
eb
Pa
ge
s
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he
do
cum
en
ts a
nd
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s o
n a
we
bsi
te
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an
incl
ud
e t
ext
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ture
s, s
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nd
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ide
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me
pa
ge
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om
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ag
e
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he
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in e
ntr
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oin
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eb
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on
tain
s lin
ks
to o
the
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ag
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RL
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�A
str
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o a
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on
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L =
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he
file
wit
hin
th
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ncl
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pro
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me
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me
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nsio
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ust
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tify
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4
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he
u
sed
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acc
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orl
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ide
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b
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tan
ds
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he
ve
rsio
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Th
e
vers
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gu
ag
e u
sed
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riti
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ub
lish
ing
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he
se
t o
f ta
gs
use
d t
o s
pe
cify
do
cum
en
t st
ruct
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, fo
rma
ttin
g, a
nd
lin
ks
to o
the
r d
ocu
me
nts
on
th
e w
eb
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OT
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rog
ram
min
g la
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ua
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it c
an
co
nta
in
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gra
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ing
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de
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con
ne
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we
b d
ocu
me
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to a
no
the
r 2-1
5
�
�O
rga
niz
ati
on
s th
at
ma
inta
in
acc
ess
ible
th
rou
gh
w
eb
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s to
he
lp y
ou
fin
d
on
th
e in
tern
et
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sers
ca
n a
sk q
ue
stio
ns
or
use
to
loca
te
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sers
ca
n a
sk q
ue
stio
ns
or
use
to
loca
te
info
rma
tio
n
�E
xam
ple
s: G
oo
gle
, Ask
Je
eve
s, a
nd
Gig
ab
last
�a
re c
om
pile
d u
sin
g s
oft
wa
re p
rog
ram
s ca
lled
▪
cra
wl t
hro
ug
h t
he
Wo
rld
Wid
e W
eb
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ollo
w li
nk
s fr
om
on
e p
ag
e t
o a
no
the
r
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e w
ord
s o
n t
ha
t si
te
2-1
6
�T
he
re is
no
th
at
veri
fie
s a
ll in
tern
et
site
s
�S
ho
uld
yo
u
info
rma
tio
n y
ou
fin
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nlin
e?
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uid
elin
es
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valu
ate
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b R
eso
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es
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uid
elin
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to e
valu
ate
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b R
eso
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e in
form
ati
on
ap
pe
ar
on
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ma
inta
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?
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oe
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e w
eb
site
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pp
ea
r to
be
le
git
ima
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th
e w
eb
site
,
,
an
d
?
2-1
7
�E
ma
il P
rog
ram
�E
xam
ple
s: M
icro
soft
’s O
utl
oo
k E
xpre
ss, M
ozi
lla’s
Th
un
de
rbir
d, A
pp
le’s
Ap
ple
Ma
il
�E
na
ble
s y
ou
to
se
nd
em
ail
by
ru
nn
ing
em
ail
�E
na
ble
s y
ou
to
se
nd
em
ail
by
ru
nn
ing
em
ail
soft
wa
re o
n y
ou
r co
mp
ute
r th
at
inte
ract
s w
ith
an
em
ail
(usu
ally
at
yo
ur
)
�m
ail
is s
tore
d o
n t
he
in
an
ele
ctro
nic
ma
ilbo
x
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po
n
, ma
il is
se
nt
to y
ou
r
2-1
8
�U
sin
g e
ma
il1.
Ge
t a
n
, fo
llow
ing
th
e f
orm
at
Joe
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lack
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art
hlin
k.n
et.
us
User
Nam
eD
om
ain
nam
e
2.
Typ
e a
dd
ress
es
care
fully
, in
clu
din
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ap
ita
liza
tio
n,
un
de
rsco
res,
an
d p
eri
od
s
3.U
se t
he
to
avo
id a
dd
ress
ing
mis
take
s
4.
Use
th
e
to s
tore
em
ail
ad
dre
sse
s
5.
So
rt y
ou
r e
ma
il in
to
or
use
2-1
9
User
Nam
eD
om
ain
nam
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�2
fo
r tr
an
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ail
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m t
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:
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f
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om
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2-2
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(NO
T t
o b
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fuse
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ith
Po
int
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Pre
sen
ce!)
�H
ow
th
is w
ork
s:1.
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old
s y
ou
r m
ail
1.–
ho
lds
yo
ur
ma
il
2.
–lo
gs
on
an
d r
eq
ue
sts
ma
il
3.–
do
wn
loa
ds
all
ma
il to
th
e c
lien
t (y
ou
r co
mp
ute
r)
4.
–re
mo
ves
yo
ur
ma
il
5.
can
dis
con
ne
ct –
yo
u’v
e g
ot
all
yo
ur
ma
il n
ow
!
�A
dva
nta
ge
s:▪
Do
n’t
ne
ed
to
sta
y
to t
he
fo
r lo
ng
▪a
re u
sed
min
ima
lly
▪M
ore
so
ftw
are
is c
urr
en
tly
ava
ilab
le f
or
2-2
1
�
�H
ow
th
is w
ork
s:
1.–
ho
lds
yo
ur
ma
il
2.
–lo
gs
on
2
.–
log
s o
n
3.–
do
wn
loa
ds
em
ail
he
ad
ing
s
(su
bje
ct)
on
ly
▪re
ad
s m
ail
on
th
e
▪ch
oo
ses
wh
ich
ma
il to
a
nd
▪M
ail
rem
ain
s o
n
2-2
2
�A
dva
nta
ge
s:
▪Y
ou
ca
n
yo
ur
an
yw
he
re, f
rom
an
y c
om
pu
ter
▪F
ast
er
tim
e (
no
t
a
ll y
ou
r ▪
Fa
ste
r ti
me
(n
ot
all
yo
ur
em
ail
file
s)
▪G
oo
d f
or
▪A
bili
ty t
o h
an
dle
(e
.g.,
MIM
E
me
ssa
ge
s)
▪ca
n a
ct li
ke
–fu
nct
ion
ally
is a
sup
ers
et
of
2-2
3
�:
�Y
ou
r
lim
its
yo
ur
�Y
ou
use
an
d
on
ly t
o
rea
d y
ou
r e
ma
il
�Y
ou
ca
n o
nly
sta
y
to
th
e
fo
r a
lim
ite
d a
mo
un
t o
f ti
me
limit
ed
am
ou
nt
of
tim
e
�Y
ou
r se
rve
r h
as
�
:�
Yo
u t
rave
l or
che
ck y
ou
r
f
rom
mo
re t
ha
n o
ne
�Y
ou
ge
t a
lot
of
a
nd
do
n’t
wa
nt
to
it
all
to y
ou
r co
mp
ute
r
�Y
ou
wa
nt
to
yo
ur
me
ssa
ge
s
�Y
ou
ca
n m
ain
tain
a
to
yo
ur
�Y
ou
ha
ve a
lot
of
o
n y
ou
r
2-2
4
�
�u
sed
to
tra
nsf
er
da
ta f
rom
on
e
to a
no
the
r
Use
s
�U
ses
�T
hin
k o
f it
th
is w
ay
: Wh
en
yo
u s
en
d a
n e
ma
il
me
ssa
ge
ou
t, it
use
s
to
tra
vel t
o
. W
he
n y
ou
wa
nt
to r
ea
d a
n
em
ail,
yo
u u
se
or
to g
et
the
em
ail
me
ssa
ge
fro
m t
he
.
2-2
5
�
�A
ny
use
r o
n a
giv
en
em
ail
syst
em
ca
n s
en
d a
m
ess
ag
e a
nd
ha
ve it
po
p u
p in
sta
ntl
y o
n t
he
sc
ree
n o
f a
ny
on
e lo
gg
ed
into
th
at
syst
em
scre
en
of
an
yo
ne
log
ge
d in
to t
ha
t sy
ste
m�
�P
art
icip
an
ts h
ave
a t
yp
ed
dis
cuss
ion
wh
ile o
nlin
e
at
the
sa
me
tim
e
�is
on
e-o
n-o
ne
, bu
t h
as
a li
st o
f p
art
icip
an
ts
2-2
6
�
�A
so
ftw
are
sta
nd
ard
fo
r tr
an
sfe
rrin
g
be
twe
en
co
mp
ute
rs w
ith
dif
fere
nt
Op
era
tin
g S
yste
ms
�
�A
gia
nt
ele
ctro
nic
dis
cuss
ion
bo
ard
�A
gia
nt
ele
ctro
nic
dis
cuss
ion
bo
ard
�U
sen
et
is t
he
o
f se
rve
rs o
n
the
inte
rne
t w
ww
.use
ne
t.co
m
�T
o p
art
icip
ate
yo
u n
ee
d a
�
�A
n e
ma
il-b
ase
d
�U
ses
an
au
tom
ati
c th
at
sen
ds
to s
ub
scri
be
rs o
n s
ele
cte
d t
op
ics
2-2
7
�In
tern
et
Te
lep
ho
ny
�U
ses
the
inte
rne
t to
ma
ke
�L
on
g-d
ista
nce
ca
lls a
re e
ith
er
very
ine
xpe
nsi
ve o
r fr
ee
�C
urr
en
tly
to
no
rma
l ph
on
e c
on
ne
ctio
ns
��
�P
rog
ram
s th
at
sco
ur
the
we
b a
nd
pu
ll to
ge
the
r fr
om
se
vera
l
to
on
e p
lace
�
�S
ho
rt f
or
, a d
iary
-sty
le w
eb
pa
ge
�H
ave
be
com
e p
op
ula
r, b
oth
pri
vate
ly a
nd
in p
olit
ics
�
�R
eco
rdin
g in
tern
et
rad
io o
r si
mila
r in
tern
et
au
dio
pro
gra
ms
�S
om
e r
ad
io s
tati
on
s th
eir
au
dio
pro
gra
ms
ove
r th
e in
tern
et
2-2
8
�
�C
on
du
ctin
g b
usi
ne
ss a
ctiv
itie
s o
nlin
e
�is
bu
sin
ess
-to
-bu
sin
ess
e-
com
me
rce
com
me
rce
�n
ow
invo
lve
s o
nlin
e b
an
kin
g,
sto
ck t
rad
ing
on
line
, an
d e
-mo
ne
y s
uch
as
Pa
yP
al
�O
nlin
e
link
bu
ye
rs w
ith
se
llers
▪is
th
e m
ost
we
ll-k
no
wn
exa
mp
le o
f p
ers
on
-
to-p
ers
on
2-2
9