Internet: a network of network

29
Internet: a network of network The internet consists of thousands of smaller networks They may be educational, commercial, nonprofit, They may be educational, commercial, nonprofit, military organizations, etc. 2-1

Transcript of Internet: a network of network

�In

tern

et:

a n

etw

ork

of

ne

two

rk

�T

he

inte

rne

t co

nsi

sts

of

tho

usa

nd

s o

f sm

alle

r

ne

two

rks

Th

ey

ma

y b

e e

du

cati

on

al,

co

mm

erc

ial,

no

np

rofi

t,

�T

he

y m

ay

be

ed

uca

tio

na

l, c

om

me

rcia

l, n

on

pro

fit,

mili

tary

org

an

iza

tio

ns,

etc

.

2-1

�In

tern

et

His

tory

�B

eg

an

wit

h 1

96

9’s

AR

PA

NE

T f

or

US

De

pt.

of

De

fen

se

�6

2 c

om

pu

ters

in 1

974

�6

2 c

om

pu

ters

in 1

974

�50

0 c

om

pu

ters

in 1

98

3

�2

8,0

00

co

mp

ute

rs in

19

87

�E

arl

y 1

99

0s,

mu

ltim

ed

ia (

ww

w)

be

cam

e a

vaila

ble

o

n in

tern

et

2-2

NA

P-A

IP: A

.0.0

2-3

NA

P-B

IP:

B.0

.0N

AP

-C

IP:C

.0.0

Am

az

on

.co

m S

erv

er

IP: A

.AS

.0

ISP

2/P

OP

-1

IP:B

.1.0

ISP

2/P

OP

-6

IP:B

.6.0

Ud

el-

4

IP:C

.4.0

PC

-aIP

:B.1

.a

MA

C-a

IP:B

.6.a

MA

C-a

IP:C

.4.a

PC

-bIP

:C.4

.b

MA

C-d

IP:B

.6.d

MA

C-b

IP:B

.6.b

MA

C-c

IP:B

.6.c

IP: A

.0.0

IP:C

.0.0

NA

P-E

IP:E

.0.0

NA

P-D

IP:D

.0.0

Co

mca

st/P

OP

-3

IP:D

.3.0

Co

mca

st/P

OP

-5

IP:D

.5.0

ISP

1/P

OP

-2

IP:E

.2.0

PC

-bIP

:D.5

.bP

C-a

IP:D

.5.a

MA

C-a

IP:D

.3.a

PC

-bIP

:D.3

.b

PC

-aIP

:E.2

.aP

C-d

IP:E

.2.d

PC

-bIP

:E.2

.bP

C-c

IP:E

.2.c

�N

AP

(N

etw

ork

Acc

ess

Po

int)

:A

ro

uti

ng

co

mp

ute

ra

t a

po

int

on

th

e in

tern

et

wh

ere

se

vera

l co

nn

ect

ion

s co

me

to

ge

the

r �

Co

nn

ect

s to

th

e I

nte

rne

t B

ack

bo

ne

(fa

st, e

xpe

nsi

ve c

on

ne

ctio

n)

�R

ou

ter:

A d

evi

ce t

ha

t fo

rwa

rds

da

ta f

rom

on

e n

etw

ork

to

a

no

the

r b

ase

d o

n in

tern

al r

ou

tin

g t

ab

les

�R

ou

ters

re

ad

ea

ch p

ack

et’

s d

est

ina

tio

n IP

ad

dre

ss a

nd

de

cid

e h

ow

to

Ro

ute

rs r

ea

d e

ach

pa

cke

t’s

de

stin

ati

on

IP a

dd

ress

an

d d

eci

de

ho

w t

o

forw

ard

it.

�IP

Ad

dre

ss:

Inte

rne

t P

roto

col A

dd

ress

–a

un

iqu

e a

dd

ress

th

at

ide

nti

fie

s e

very

co

mp

ute

r a

nd

de

vice

co

nn

ect

ed

to

th

e in

tern

et

�P

OP

–P

oin

t o

f P

rese

nce

–A

loca

l acc

ess

po

int

to t

he

inte

rne

t�

ISP

:In

tern

et

Se

rvic

e P

rov

ide

r–

A lo

cal,

re

gio

na

l, o

r n

ati

on

al

org

an

iza

tio

n/c

om

pa

ny

th

at

pro

vid

es

acc

ess

to

th

e in

tern

et

�L

AN

–L

oca

l Are

a N

etw

ork

–a

co

mp

ute

r n

etw

ork

th

at

spa

ns

a

rela

tive

ly s

ma

ll a

rea

2-4

�P

roto

cols

�se

t o

f ru

les

an

d e

nco

din

g s

pe

cifi

cati

on

s fo

r se

nd

ing

da

ta

�In

tern

et

use

s T

CP

/IP

(T

ran

sfe

r C

on

tro

l Pro

toco

l/In

tern

et

Pro

toco

lU

sed

fo

r a

ll in

tern

et

tra

nsa

ctio

ns

▪U

sed

fo

r a

ll in

tern

et

tra

nsa

ctio

ns

�T

CP

–D

ea

ls w

ith

Tra

nsf

er

of

Da

ta –

ho

w it

is b

roke

n u

p

an

d r

ea

sse

mb

led

to

be

se

nt

acr

oss

th

e in

tern

et

�P

ack

ets

▪F

ixe

d-l

en

gth

blo

cks

of

da

ta f

or

tra

nsm

issi

on

▪D

ata

tra

nsm

issi

on

s (f

iles)

are

bro

ken

up

into

pa

cke

ts▪

No

t a

ll p

ack

ets

fro

m t

he

sa

me

file

will

fo

llow

th

e s

am

e p

ath

wa

y

▪D

ata

mu

st b

e r

ea

sse

mb

led

at

the

oth

er

en

d

2-5

�IP

–D

ea

ls w

ith

th

e a

dd

ress

ing

an

d p

ath

wa

ys

the

da

ta

tra

vels

ove

r th

e in

tern

et

�IP

Ad

dre

sse

s

�E

very

de

vice

co

nn

ect

ed

to

th

e in

tern

et

ha

s a

n

�E

very

de

vice

co

nn

ect

ed

to

th

e in

tern

et

ha

s a

n

ad

dre

ss

�E

ach

IP a

dd

ress

un

iqu

ely

ide

nti

fie

s th

at

de

vice

�T

he

ad

dre

ss is

fo

ur

sets

of

3-d

igit

nu

mb

ers

se

pa

rate

d b

y p

eri

od

s▪

Exa

mp

le: 9

5.1

60

.10

.24

0

2-6

�T

he

In

tern

et

is D

istr

ibu

ted

�N

o c

en

tra

lize

d c

on

tro

l of

the

inte

rne

t▪

If a

ny

on

e c

om

pu

ter

go

es

do

wn

, th

e in

tern

et

can

co

nti

nu

e

to f

un

ctio

nto

fu

nct

ion

�A

llow

s fo

r e

xpa

nsi

on

of

the

inte

rne

t a

s w

ell

�C

an

ea

sily

ad

d n

ew

co

mp

ute

rs a

nd

ne

two

rks

to

the

inte

rne

t.

▪M

ust

ass

ign

un

iqu

e IP

ad

dre

sse

s to

co

mp

ute

rs c

on

ne

ctin

g

to t

he

inte

rne

t a

nd

▪M

ust

up

da

te R

ou

ter T

ab

les

2-7

�C

lie

nt/

Se

rve

r M

od

el

�C

lien

t: a

co

mp

ute

r re

qu

est

ing

da

ta o

r se

rvic

es

�S

erv

er:

a h

ost

co

mp

ute

r, a

ce

ntr

al c

om

pu

ter

sup

ply

ing

da

ta o

r se

rvic

es

req

ue

ste

d o

f it

Se

rvic

es

can

be

re

qu

est

ed

ove

r th

e in

tern

et

▪E

.g.,

Ch

eck

yo

ur

ba

nk

acc

ou

nt

�A

clie

nt

pro

gra

m o

n y

ou

r co

mp

ute

r fo

rwa

rds

yo

ur

req

ue

st t

o a

se

rve

r p

rog

ram

at

yo

ur

�A

clie

nt

pro

gra

m o

n y

ou

r co

mp

ute

r fo

rwa

rds

yo

ur

req

ue

st t

o a

se

rve

r p

rog

ram

at

yo

ur

ba

nk

. T

he

ba

nk

se

rve

r se

nd

s th

e in

fo b

ack

to

yo

ur

clie

nt

pro

gra

m

�O

fte

n m

ult

iple

clie

nts

sh

are

th

e s

erv

ice

s o

f o

ne

se

rve

r

▪O

r S

erv

ice

s ca

n b

e lo

cal r

eq

ue

sts

▪M

ay

be

on

e c

om

pu

ter

on

a lo

cal n

etw

ork

ha

s e

xtra

dis

k s

pa

ce a

nd

ca

n h

old

a la

rge

da

tab

ase

▪C

lien

ts o

n t

he

ne

two

rk m

ake

re

qu

est

s fr

om

th

e lo

cal s

erv

er

an

d t

he

se

rve

r se

nd

s o

nly

th

e d

ata

th

e c

lien

t re

qu

est

s

�P

ee

r to

Pe

er

(P2

P)

Mo

de

l�

Co

mp

ute

rs t

ha

t b

oth

pro

vid

e s

erv

ice

s to

an

d r

ece

ive

se

rvic

es

fro

m e

ach

o

the

r▪

Se

rvic

es

exe

cute

on

a t

em

po

rary

ba

sis

▪E

.g.,

Inst

an

t M

ess

ag

ing

,

2-8

2-9

�T

he

Wo

rld

Wid

e W

eb

:

�B

row

sers

▪S

oft

wa

re f

or

we

b-s

urf

ing

▪E

xam

ple

s: In

tern

et

Exp

lore

r, N

ets

cap

e N

avi

ga

tor,

Exa

mp

les:

Inte

rne

t E

xplo

rer,

Ne

tsca

pe

Na

vig

ato

r,

Mo

zilla

Fir

eF

ox,

Op

era

, Ap

ple

Ma

cin

tosh

bro

wse

r,

Sa

fari

▪B

row

sers

do

2 k

ey

th

ing

s:

▪L

oca

te w

eb

sit

es

via

un

iqu

e a

dd

ress

es

▪R

ea

d w

eb

pa

ge

s a

nd

dis

pla

y th

em

2-1

0

�W

eb

site

▪A

loca

tio

n o

n t

he

we

b t

ha

t h

as

a u

niq

ue

ad

dre

ss

an

d a

se

t o

f in

terc

on

ne

cte

d w

eb

pa

ge

s, u

sua

lly o

n

the

sa

me

se

rve

rth

e s

am

e s

erv

er

▪E

xam

ple

: ww

w.b

arn

esa

nd

no

ble

.co

m,

ww

w.e

eci

s.u

de

l.e

du

▪T

he

we

bsi

te c

ou

ld b

e a

ny

wh

ere

▪n

ot

ne

cess

ari

ly a

t co

mp

an

y h

ea

dq

ua

rte

rs

2-1

1

�W

eb

Pa

ge

s

�T

he

do

cum

en

ts a

nd

file

s o

n a

we

bsi

te

�C

an

incl

ud

e t

ext

, pic

ture

s, s

ou

nd

, an

d v

ide

o

Ho

me

pa

ge

�H

om

e p

ag

e

�T

he

ma

in e

ntr

y p

oin

t fo

r th

e w

eb

site

�C

on

tain

s lin

ks

to o

the

r p

ag

es

on

th

e w

eb

site

2-1

2

�(U

RL

)

�A

str

ing

of

tha

t p

oin

ts t

o a

sp

eci

fic

(un

iqu

e)

on

th

e w

eb

UR

L =

�U

RL

=

�It

co

nsi

sts

of

▪T

he

we

b p

roto

col-

▪T

he

o

f th

e w

eb

se

rve

r

▪T

he

dir

ect

ory

or

on

th

at

serv

er

▪T

he

file

wit

hin

th

e d

ire

cto

ry, i

ncl

ud

ing

op

tio

na

l ext

en

sio

n

▪h

ttp

://w

ww

.im

ag

ee

k.c

om

/gir

lge

ek

/ja

va.h

tm

2-1

3

pro

toco

ld

om

ain

na

me

file

na

me

. e

xte

nsio

nd

ire

cto

ry

�M

ust

be

un

iqu

e

�Id

en

tify

th

e

, an

d t

he

ty

pe

of

it is

▪w

ww

.wh

ite

ho

use

.is

NO

T t

he

sa

me

as

▪w

ww

.wh

ite

ho

use

.is

NO

T t

he

sa

me

as

ww

w.w

hit

eh

ou

se.

▪.g

ov

,.o

rg, .

ed

u, e

tc.

2-1

4

�T

he

u

sed

to

acc

ess

th

e W

orl

d W

ide

We

b

�S

tan

ds

for

�T

he

ve

rsio

n o

f �

Th

e

vers

ion

of

�T

he

lan

gu

ag

e u

sed

in w

riti

ng

an

d p

ub

lish

ing

�T

he

se

t o

f ta

gs

use

d t

o s

pe

cify

do

cum

en

t st

ruct

ure

, fo

rma

ttin

g, a

nd

lin

ks

to o

the

r d

ocu

me

nts

on

th

e w

eb

�N

OT

a p

rog

ram

min

g la

ng

ua

ge

(b

ut

it c

an

co

nta

in

pro

gra

mm

ing

co

de

)�

con

ne

ct o

ne

we

b d

ocu

me

nt

to a

no

the

r 2-1

5

�O

rga

niz

ati

on

s th

at

ma

inta

in

acc

ess

ible

th

rou

gh

w

eb

site

s to

he

lp y

ou

fin

d

on

th

e in

tern

et

�U

sers

ca

n a

sk q

ue

stio

ns

or

use

to

loca

te

�U

sers

ca

n a

sk q

ue

stio

ns

or

use

to

loca

te

info

rma

tio

n

�E

xam

ple

s: G

oo

gle

, Ask

Je

eve

s, a

nd

Gig

ab

last

�a

re c

om

pile

d u

sin

g s

oft

wa

re p

rog

ram

s ca

lled

cra

wl t

hro

ug

h t

he

Wo

rld

Wid

e W

eb

▪F

ollo

w li

nk

s fr

om

on

e p

ag

e t

o a

no

the

r

▪th

e w

ord

s o

n t

ha

t si

te

2-1

6

�T

he

re is

no

th

at

veri

fie

s a

ll in

tern

et

site

s

�S

ho

uld

yo

u

info

rma

tio

n y

ou

fin

d o

nlin

e?

�G

uid

elin

es

to e

valu

ate

We

b R

eso

urc

es

�G

uid

elin

es

to e

valu

ate

We

b R

eso

urc

es

�D

oe

s th

e in

form

ati

on

ap

pe

ar

on

a

ma

inta

ine

d b

y a

?

�D

oe

s th

e w

eb

site

a

pp

ea

r to

be

le

git

ima

te?

�Is

th

e w

eb

site

,

,

an

d

?

2-1

7

�E

ma

il P

rog

ram

�E

xam

ple

s: M

icro

soft

’s O

utl

oo

k E

xpre

ss, M

ozi

lla’s

Th

un

de

rbir

d, A

pp

le’s

Ap

ple

Ma

il

�E

na

ble

s y

ou

to

se

nd

em

ail

by

ru

nn

ing

em

ail

�E

na

ble

s y

ou

to

se

nd

em

ail

by

ru

nn

ing

em

ail

soft

wa

re o

n y

ou

r co

mp

ute

r th

at

inte

ract

s w

ith

an

em

ail

(usu

ally

at

yo

ur

)

�m

ail

is s

tore

d o

n t

he

in

an

ele

ctro

nic

ma

ilbo

x

�U

po

n

, ma

il is

se

nt

to y

ou

r

2-1

8

�U

sin

g e

ma

il1.

Ge

t a

n

, fo

llow

ing

th

e f

orm

at

Joe

_B

lack

@e

art

hlin

k.n

et.

us

User

Nam

eD

om

ain

nam

e

2.

Typ

e a

dd

ress

es

care

fully

, in

clu

din

g c

ap

ita

liza

tio

n,

un

de

rsco

res,

an

d p

eri

od

s

3.U

se t

he

to

avo

id a

dd

ress

ing

mis

take

s

4.

Use

th

e

to s

tore

em

ail

ad

dre

sse

s

5.

So

rt y

ou

r e

ma

il in

to

or

use

2-1

9

User

Nam

eD

om

ain

nam

e

�2

fo

r tr

an

sfe

rrin

g m

ail

fro

m t

he

to t

he

:

� �I

�1

f

or

tra

nsf

err

ing

ma

il fr

om

2-2

0

�–

(NO

T t

o b

e

con

fuse

d w

ith

Po

int

of

Pre

sen

ce!)

�H

ow

th

is w

ork

s:1.

–h

old

s y

ou

r m

ail

1.–

ho

lds

yo

ur

ma

il

2.

–lo

gs

on

an

d r

eq

ue

sts

ma

il

3.–

do

wn

loa

ds

all

ma

il to

th

e c

lien

t (y

ou

r co

mp

ute

r)

4.

–re

mo

ves

yo

ur

ma

il

5.

can

dis

con

ne

ct –

yo

u’v

e g

ot

all

yo

ur

ma

il n

ow

!

�A

dva

nta

ge

s:▪

Do

n’t

ne

ed

to

sta

y

to t

he

fo

r lo

ng

▪a

re u

sed

min

ima

lly

▪M

ore

so

ftw

are

is c

urr

en

tly

ava

ilab

le f

or

2-2

1

�H

ow

th

is w

ork

s:

1.–

ho

lds

yo

ur

ma

il

2.

–lo

gs

on

2

.–

log

s o

n

3.–

do

wn

loa

ds

em

ail

he

ad

ing

s

(su

bje

ct)

on

ly

▪re

ad

s m

ail

on

th

e

▪ch

oo

ses

wh

ich

ma

il to

a

nd

▪M

ail

rem

ain

s o

n

2-2

2

�A

dva

nta

ge

s:

▪Y

ou

ca

n

yo

ur

an

yw

he

re, f

rom

an

y c

om

pu

ter

▪F

ast

er

tim

e (

no

t

a

ll y

ou

r ▪

Fa

ste

r ti

me

(n

ot

all

yo

ur

em

ail

file

s)

▪G

oo

d f

or

▪A

bili

ty t

o h

an

dle

(e

.g.,

MIM

E

me

ssa

ge

s)

▪ca

n a

ct li

ke

–fu

nct

ion

ally

is a

sup

ers

et

of

2-2

3

�:

�Y

ou

r

lim

its

yo

ur

�Y

ou

use

an

d

on

ly t

o

rea

d y

ou

r e

ma

il

�Y

ou

ca

n o

nly

sta

y

to

th

e

fo

r a

lim

ite

d a

mo

un

t o

f ti

me

limit

ed

am

ou

nt

of

tim

e

�Y

ou

r se

rve

r h

as

:�

Yo

u t

rave

l or

che

ck y

ou

r

f

rom

mo

re t

ha

n o

ne

�Y

ou

ge

t a

lot

of

a

nd

do

n’t

wa

nt

to

it

all

to y

ou

r co

mp

ute

r

�Y

ou

wa

nt

to

yo

ur

me

ssa

ge

s

�Y

ou

ca

n m

ain

tain

a

to

yo

ur

�Y

ou

ha

ve a

lot

of

o

n y

ou

r

2-2

4

�u

sed

to

tra

nsf

er

da

ta f

rom

on

e

to a

no

the

r

Use

s

�U

ses

�T

hin

k o

f it

th

is w

ay

: Wh

en

yo

u s

en

d a

n e

ma

il

me

ssa

ge

ou

t, it

use

s

to

tra

vel t

o

. W

he

n y

ou

wa

nt

to r

ea

d a

n

em

ail,

yo

u u

se

or

to g

et

the

em

ail

me

ssa

ge

fro

m t

he

.

2-2

5

�A

ny

use

r o

n a

giv

en

em

ail

syst

em

ca

n s

en

d a

m

ess

ag

e a

nd

ha

ve it

po

p u

p in

sta

ntl

y o

n t

he

sc

ree

n o

f a

ny

on

e lo

gg

ed

into

th

at

syst

em

scre

en

of

an

yo

ne

log

ge

d in

to t

ha

t sy

ste

m�

�P

art

icip

an

ts h

ave

a t

yp

ed

dis

cuss

ion

wh

ile o

nlin

e

at

the

sa

me

tim

e

�is

on

e-o

n-o

ne

, bu

t h

as

a li

st o

f p

art

icip

an

ts

2-2

6

�A

so

ftw

are

sta

nd

ard

fo

r tr

an

sfe

rrin

g

be

twe

en

co

mp

ute

rs w

ith

dif

fere

nt

Op

era

tin

g S

yste

ms

�A

gia

nt

ele

ctro

nic

dis

cuss

ion

bo

ard

�A

gia

nt

ele

ctro

nic

dis

cuss

ion

bo

ard

�U

sen

et

is t

he

o

f se

rve

rs o

n

the

inte

rne

t w

ww

.use

ne

t.co

m

�T

o p

art

icip

ate

yo

u n

ee

d a

�A

n e

ma

il-b

ase

d

�U

ses

an

au

tom

ati

c th

at

sen

ds

to s

ub

scri

be

rs o

n s

ele

cte

d t

op

ics

2-2

7

�In

tern

et

Te

lep

ho

ny

�U

ses

the

inte

rne

t to

ma

ke

�L

on

g-d

ista

nce

ca

lls a

re e

ith

er

very

ine

xpe

nsi

ve o

r fr

ee

�C

urr

en

tly

to

no

rma

l ph

on

e c

on

ne

ctio

ns

��

�P

rog

ram

s th

at

sco

ur

the

we

b a

nd

pu

ll to

ge

the

r fr

om

se

vera

l

to

on

e p

lace

�S

ho

rt f

or

, a d

iary

-sty

le w

eb

pa

ge

�H

ave

be

com

e p

op

ula

r, b

oth

pri

vate

ly a

nd

in p

olit

ics

�R

eco

rdin

g in

tern

et

rad

io o

r si

mila

r in

tern

et

au

dio

pro

gra

ms

�S

om

e r

ad

io s

tati

on

s th

eir

au

dio

pro

gra

ms

ove

r th

e in

tern

et

2-2

8

�C

on

du

ctin

g b

usi

ne

ss a

ctiv

itie

s o

nlin

e

�is

bu

sin

ess

-to

-bu

sin

ess

e-

com

me

rce

com

me

rce

�n

ow

invo

lve

s o

nlin

e b

an

kin

g,

sto

ck t

rad

ing

on

line

, an

d e

-mo

ne

y s

uch

as

Pa

yP

al

�O

nlin

e

link

bu

ye

rs w

ith

se

llers

▪is

th

e m

ost

we

ll-k

no

wn

exa

mp

le o

f p

ers

on

-

to-p

ers

on

2-2

9