International survey on management practices- 1. General

International Stakeholder Seminar on Radiofrequency Policies Paris, 5 June 2013

International survey on risk management policies

Part 1: Survey presentation &

general policy patterns Professor Denis Zmirou-Navier1,2, Amit Dhungel1 and Clémence Varret1

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health EHESP School of Public Health

Rennes, France 2Lorraine University Medical School, Nancy, France

Outline

• Material and methods: sources, data analysis, policy patterns (evidence-based policies; precautionary-based policies; ALARA-based policies; policies based on voluntary action; information-consultation prone policies)

• Results: distribution of the policy patterns scores

• Review of studies on the impact of RF risk management policies

• Please notify any inaccuracy in report

International survey on management practices- 1. General

International survey on management practices- 1. General

WHO 2012 Survey on RF policies

• Comprehensive survey (English, French, Spanish, and Russian)

– Personal exposures associated with the use of mobile devices (such as cell phones, cordless home phones …)

– Environmental exposures associated with fixed installations transmitting signals from radio, television and wireless communication networks, base stations, WiFi technologies …

– Occupational exposures (in the telecommunication, industrial and medical sectors, and others)

• 67 questions (closed-ended and open-ended)

• By the end of the survey period, 103 responses from 71 country in all six WHO regions

• Sources: respondents from the survey Summer-Fall 2013

through WHO regional offices and national authorities

(https://extranet.who.int/datacol/form_request.asp?form_id=2093)

• Supplementary data to complete missing information (45 countries; 33 responded)

• Secondary data from websites

of national authorities

(on exposure standards) : 5

• Data analysis: • Descriptive tables and maps

(in afternoon’s workshops)

• Policy patterns International survey on management

practices- 1. General

WHO 2012 Survey (cont.)

Analysis of policy patterns

• An assumption of 5 general profiles • Evidence-based policies (ICNIRP, IEEE/ICES or national science-based

standards)

• Precautionary-based policies

• ALARA-based policies

• Policies based on voluntary action (few prescriptive regulations and actors-driven provisions)

• Information-consultation prone policies (users of devices , neighbours of installations, personnel)

• Variables and scoring from 4 to 14 variables; sum of « yes » or « no » answers

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Results: respondents + other data

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Countries with available data (N=85)

WHO regions: 5.8% from South East Asia 10.6 % from Africa 11.8 % from Eastern Mediterranean 11.8 % Western Pacific; 20 % from Americas 40% from Europe

Evidence-based policies

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Region European (E)

Eastern Mediterranean (EM)

African (Af)

South-East Asia (SEA)

Western Pacific (WP)

Americas (Am)

Color

0

1

2

3

4

5

Spai

n

Au

stra

lia

Bah

rain

Bol

ivia

Ca

na

da

Chi

le

Co

sta

Ric

a

Cyp

rus

Fin

lan

d

Fr

ance

Ger

man

y

Icel

and

Irel

and

Mor

occo

Om

an

Sri L

anka

Sw

itze

rla

nd

Th

ail

an

d

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

Au

stri

a

Arg

enti

na

Bos

nia

& H

erze

govi

na

Bra

zil

Bru

nei

Chi

na

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Hon

dura

s

Hun

gary

Ind

ia

Jord

an

New

Zea

lan

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Nig

eria

Nor

way

Per

u

Phi

lipp

ines

Re

pu

blic

of K

ore

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Ru

ssia

Saud

i Ara

bia

Sw

ed

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Un

ited

Sta

tes

Arm

enia

Be

lgiu

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El S

alva

do

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Est

oni

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Isra

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Ital

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Jap

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Lit

hu

ania

Mau

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us

Por

tuga

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Syri

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Tri

nid

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& T

ob

ag

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Tu

nis

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Tu

rk

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Un

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Za

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Bot

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Ken

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Gre

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Pol

and

Sa

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Den

mar

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Slov

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Lu

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Ne

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Score Scoring of countries according to the variables on evidence-based policies

- RF exposure limits from mobile devices for general public are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - RF exposure limits from fixed installations for general public are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - RF emission limits from fixed installations based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - Occupational exposure limits to RF for workers are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence). - Provision to mandate financial contributions from relevant private sectors towards health-related research on RF fields

Items:

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Precautionary policies

Region European (E)

Eastern Mediterranean (EM)

African (Af)

South-East Asia (SEA)

Western Pacific (WP)

Americas (Am)

Color

0

1

2

3

Isra

el

Luxe

mbo

urg

Indi

a

Chile

Lith

ua

nia

Belg

ium

Gre

ece

San

Mar

ino

Ukr

aine

Cana

da

Net

herl

ands

Russ

ia

Pola

nd

Arm

enia

Zam

bia

Ken

ya

Cost

a Ri

ca

Cuba

Tuni

sia

Bulg

aria

Cypr

us

Den

mar

k

Esto

nia

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irel

and

Ital

y

Slo

ve

nia

Spai

n

Switz

erla

nd

Turk

ey

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

Au

stra

lia

Mal

aysi

a

Score Scoring of countries according to the variables on precaution

- Exposure limit from mobile devices based on precautionary approach (PA) - Limitations on use of mobile for children based on PA - Exposure limits from fixed installations based on PA - Emission limits from fixed installations based on PA - Occupational exposure limits based on PA - Occupational provisions for specific groups based on PA - Management of occupational exposure to RF fields based on PA

Items:

ALARA policies

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Score

Region European (E)

Eastern Mediterranean (EM)

African (Af)

South-East Asia (SEA)

Western Pacific (WP)

Americas (Am)

Color

Scoring of countries according to the variables on ALARA policy

- Exposure limit from mobile devices based on ALARA approach - Exposure limits from fixed installations based on ALARA approach - Emission limits from fixed installations based on ALARA approach - Occupational exposure limits based on ALARA approach

Items:

0

1

2

Israel Lithuania Netherlands Chile

Policies based on voluntary action

- RF exposure limits for general public on mobile devices defined - Requirement to provide information on SAR values of mobile devices - Some form of limitations/advice regarding the use of mobile devices by children - RF exposure limits for general public on fixed installations defined - RF emission limits of fixed installations defined - Authorization required prior to installing a fixed installation - Provision on spatial distribution of fixed installations - Requirement to inform/consult stakeholders in the process of installing fixed installations - Provision to mandate financial contribution from private sectors towards health-related research on RF fields - RF exposure limits in occupational settings defined - Provisions to limit exposure to maintenance personnel in telecom sector - Provisions to limit exposure to workers in industrial sector + in medical sector - Provisions to limit exposure levels of specific subgroup of workers.

0123456789

101112131415

Region European (E)

Eastern Mediterranean (EM)

African (Af)

South-East Asia (SEA)

Western Pacific (WP)

Americas (Am)

Color

Scoring of countries according to the variables of voluntary actions

Items:

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Cana

da

Fran

ce

Ho

ndur

as

Isra

el

Spai

n

Aus

tral

ia

Belg

ium

Ge

rma

ny

Indi

a

Lith

uani

a

Mal

aysi

a

Mau

ritiu

s

Net

herl

ands

Un

ite

d K

ingd

om

Tuni

sia

Bots

wan

a

El S

alv

ado

r

Gre

ece

Icel

and

San

Mar

ino

Sri L

anka

Switz

erla

nd

Arg

enti

na

Turk

ey

Arm

enia

Bo

livia

USA

Chile

Cypr

us

Finl

and

Irel

and

Mo

rocc

o

New

Zea

lan

d

Phili

ppi

nes

Ru

ssia

Sau

di A

rabi

a

Sout

h A

fric

a

Sw

ed

en

Aus

tria

Braz

il

Bu

lgar

ia

Co

sta

Ric

a

Czec

h R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ital

y

Jord

an

Ken

ya

Peru

Port

uga

l

Rep

ublic

of K

orea

Slov

enia

Thai

lan

d

Un

ited

Ara

b Em

irat

es

Zam

bia

Chin

a

Esto

nia

Japa

n

No

rway

Pola

nd

St. L

ucia

Brun

ei

Cu

ba

Om

an

Tanz

ania

Trin

idad

& T

obag

o

Region European (E)

Eastern Mediterranean (EM)

African (Af)

South-East Asia (SEA)

Western Pacific (WP)

Americas (Am)

Color

Information and consultation prone policies

Scoring of countries according to the emphasis they put on information or

consultation procedure

- Requirement to provide information on exposure to RF energy to purchasers of mobile devices - Provision to provide information/advice on reducing personal exposure to RF emitted by mobile devices - Provision to provide responses to individuals concerned on possible health consequences of RF exposure from mobile devices - Provision for community/local residents to request RF measurements around fixed installations - Provision for the public to have access to the records on exposure measurements from fixed installations - Requirement to inform/consult with public stakeholders before installing a fixed installation - Provision to provide responses to individuals who have concerns on possible health consequences of exposure to fixed installation (e.g. masts, tower etc.)

Items:

• Sources: – published literature and reports (Google, Google scholar, EMF-Portal,

Central Embase, Medline, Central Cochrane, Cinahl; SAGE, Cairn, Ebs Cohost) [English, French, Italian, Spanish]

– grey literature in institutional or academic websites (23 countries) – direct contacts – key words to browse Internet – unfinished: call for good practices (until late June)

• Data analysis: 1. Assessment of exposure levels 2. Policy implementation assessment 3. Impact on risk perception

International survey on management practices- 1. General

Review of studies on the impact of risk

management RF policies

Results

International survey on management practices- 1. General

• Little yield: very little published on assessing impact of risk management RF policies (but non exhaustive data) – 1. Assessment of exposure levels :

• Measurement and modeling guidelines: 1 published; 0 grey literature • Exposure to mobile phones and broadcasting bands: 9 published; 1 grey literature • Wi-Fi exposure: 2 published; 0 grey literature • Occupational exposure: 4 published; 3 grey literature

– 2. Policy implementation assessment: • Mobile phones base stations: 3 published; 11 grey literature • Occupational exposures: 1 published; 1 grey literature

– 3. Impact on risk perception: 5 published; 10 grey literature

• Evidence-based benchmarking for local, national or international policies is limited

• Such studies should be undertaken and results publically available (peer reviewed publications, institutional web sites) for experience sharing and dissemination.

• 4 case studies presentations (illustration of policy patterns): – Australia (evidence-based actions)

– Japan (voluntary-based actions)

– India (precaution-based actions)

– France (information-consultation actions)

• Afternoon: 3 workshops (13:15-15:30)

– Personal exposures (RF emiting devices)

– Environmental exposures (fixed installations)

– Occupational exposures

• Plenary session (16:05-17:15)

International survey on management practices- 1. General

What next ?

• Group discussions on these policy patterns

International Stakeholder Seminar on Radiofrequency Policies

Paris, 5 June 2013

Form for comments and questions

Session on Scientific background

Name (optional): …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I would like to recommend the following technical and scientific topics be covered in the monograph,

where data exist, that may inform the development of risk management practices

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• Presentation of survey results

• Brainstorming on illustrative actions

• Discussion on policy attributes

Anke Huss/Siegal Sadetzki Olivier Merckel/Lindsay Martin Denis Zmirou/Martin Gledhill

Room Garance Auditorium Room Bordeaux