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International Standards & International Standards & Information Exchange for Single Information Exchange for Single
Window –a Regional PerspectiveWindow –a Regional Perspective by
Derrese Degefa
African Trade Policy Centre (ATPC)United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
(UNECA)
A presentation prepared for the A presentation prepared for the
National Stakeholder ConferenceNational Stakeholder Conference23 April 2012, Nigeria Customs Service 23 April 2012, Nigeria Customs Service
Command and Staff College, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Command and Staff College, Gwagwalada, Abuja, NigeriaNigeria
OutlineOutline Background
Single Window: National vs. Regional
Regional Single Window Initiatives
African Alliance for E-Commerce
Challenges of Regional Single Window
What needs to be done to address the Challenges of RSW?
– AAEC
– Governments
– International Organizations
BackgroundBackground Africa’s trade performance has been weak
– The share of Africa in global trade is around 3% compared
to 8% in 1948
– Intra-Africa trade is the least compared to other regions:
Africa (10%)
Europe (60%)
North America (40%)
ASEAN (30%)
Trading Across BordersTrading Across Borders((World Bank: Doing Business 2012 Report ) )
Access to Documentation Access to Documentation Requirements Requirements
for Trading Across Bordersfor Trading Across BordersShare of economies where documentation requirements are easily accessible– Latin America and Caribbean (78%)– East Asia and Pacific (71%)– South Asia (63%)– Eastern Europe and Central Asia (58%)– SSA (49%)– Middle East and North Africa (33%)
Note: Documentation requirements are considered easily accessible if they can be obtained through the website of the relevant authority or government agency or through public notices, without a need for an appointment with an official.
What Africa is currently doing to What Africa is currently doing to address the problem of intra-address the problem of intra-Africa trade?Africa trade?
African Heads of State and Government convened in January 2012 to launch a continent-wide free trade area (CFTA)
The Summit focused on four main to boost intra-African trade: – trade facilitation– productive capacity – trade related infrastructure & – trade policy
Trade Facilitation
– has been identified as one of the major barriers
to intra-African trade
– can be addressed relatively quickly and without
much cost, given political will and strong
commitment to promote intra-African trade
– will not only assist in the deepening of Africa’s
market integration but also enhance the
performance of African countries in global trade
– Therefore, trade facilitation is a key component
of trade policy
Why the focus is on Trade Why the focus is on Trade Facilitation?Facilitation?
Why Single Window?Why Single Window?Single Window is a trade facilitation tool can play a decisive role in facilitating paperless
trade is a platform for a paperless (electronic)
exchange of trade information between participants in the trade process
has become a major instrument for simplifying
and automating trade procedures helps to facilitate regional & global collaboration
on exchange of trade information
is an important tool for supporting regional and
global integration
National National vs.vs. Regional Single Window Regional Single Window
National Single Window is a countrywide facility that provide users (regulatory agencies and the trading community) to submit standardized information only once, at a single entry point, to fulfill all import, export and transit-related regulatory requirements
Regional Single Window is broadly defined as an environment where National Single Windows operate & integrate
The National Single Window is a prerequisite of the Regional Single Window (ASEAN case)
Regional Single WindowRegional Single Window Regional networking of National Single
Windows is for cross-border information sharing for security, trust and efficiency
For effective & efficient implementation and operation of RSW, National Single Window project operators/managers should collaborate at a regional level – to analyze cross-border supply-chain issues– ensure technical interoperability in the
development of SWs– develop and implement data harmonization as
well as common interconnectivity strategies, policies and standards
Regional Single Window Regional Single Window InitiativesInitiatives
The Association of South East Asian Nations-ASEAN- was one of the first organizations to conceptualize a RSW project – In Dec. 2005, ASEAN concluded the
agreement to establish and implement the ASEAN Single Window
– In April 2006, established protocol for the RSW
The ASEAN Single Window (ASW) is the first regional initiative that seeks to enhance regional connectivity – ASW’s implementation is planned for 2015
Regional Single Window Regional Single Window Initiatives ... Cont’dInitiatives ... Cont’d
African Alliance for E-Commerce (AAEC)
– is a Regional Single Window initiative which was
officially set up on 13th March 2009 in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
– its establishment was spearheaded by ATPC of UNECA
– is an important and concrete contribution of ATPC to
the Trade Facilitation agenda of Africa
Members (11 ): 5WA, 2CA, 2NA, 1SA, & 1EA
– Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroun, Republic of Congo, Ghana,
Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, &
Togo
What are the objectives of AAEC?What are the objectives of AAEC?The Objectives of the AAEC are: promoting Single Window concept within Africa defining common objectives of electronic business
in general and Single Windows in particular creation of a platform for exchange of best practices
on Single Window implementation in Africa helping African countries in the implementation of
international standards provision of capacity building and guidelines in the
implementation of NSW and RSW promoting projects related to paperless trade
among members of the Alliance: e-certificate of origin, e-invoice, e-declaration, certification of digitalized documents, certification of companies, etc.
Objectives of AAEC …. Cont’dObjectives of AAEC …. Cont’d
representing Africa in international forums and
contributing to the development of the Single
Window at global level
supporting the application of international standards
and norms in the implementation of Single Windows
in Africa to ensure interoperability within Africa and
with other regions of the world
promoting regional and inter-regional Single
Windows in Africa
be a focal point for development partners and
international institutions interested in promoting
Single Windows in Africa
Key Challenges of Regional Key Challenges of Regional Single WindowSingle Window
The business community is still very much paper-based. It takes a few years to materialize the full operation of paperless environment RSW
Inadequate legal environment for paperless international trade: the legislation applicable to electronic transactions with governmental entities is often specific to individual sectors and individual technologies
Many aspects of Regional Single Window integration still have to be defined with regard to, among other things, – harmonization of data, – an effective legal framework for data exchange, & – a sustainable model for the service providers
What needs to be done to address the Challenges of RSW?
The Role of AAEC in CFTA The Role of AAEC in CFTA As Africa is aiming at CFTA by 2017, the AAEC
– is expected to play key role in boosting intra-Africa trade by promoting the development of Single Window at national and regional levels across Africa by sharing information on best practices on trade facilitation
Among other things, AAEC needs to fast-track in – developing guidelines on the implementation of
SW (national as well as regional), specifically with regard to international standards to ensure interoperability in paperless trade
– providing technical capacity building on the implementation of international standards and information exchange for (N+R) Single Window
What needs to be done at What needs to be done at country level?country level?
For effective implementation of Regional SW, Governments – must first simplify and enhance the flow of
information related to trade rationalize and coordinate legal requirements related
to electronic trade data standardization and harmonization to the benefit
of the trading community– can further enhance information flows by
identifying & adopting suitable information and communication technologies
besides the standardization & harmonization of data, effective application of ICT can help maximize information flow as a result of faster, easier and lower cost of international trading
Efforts of the WCO, the UN and Efforts of the WCO, the UN and other IOsother IOs
The WCO has developed a framework for improving the information flow through the WCO Customs Data Model
– The WCO Customs Data Model is a result of collaborative effort between government and the trading community to provide an effective framework that facilitates international trade through data simplification and harmonization
In the framework of the WCO, the UN & other IOs have done a lot on simplification and harmonization of data requirements
To address the Legal challenge, the UN
General Assembly adopted the Convention
on the Use of Electronic Communications in
International Contracts, on 23 November
2005
– This convention was proposed as one element in
the regulatory framework for national, regional
and international Single Window facilities
Efforts of the … Cont’dEfforts of the … Cont’d
Thank you for Thank you for your kind your kind attention!attention!