International Standard Classifi cation of Occupations 08

ISCO08 Volume I

International Standard Classi cation of OccupationsStructure, group de nitions and correspondence tables

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS

ISCO-08

VOLUME 1STRUCTURE, GROUP DEFINITIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE TABLES

*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BCPVS0DF t (FOFWB

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS

ISCO-08

Photocomposed in Switzerland WEI1SJOUFECZUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BCPVS0DF(FOFWB4XJU[FSMBOE

Copyright International Labour Organization 2012

First published 2012

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ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data

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*4$0MJLFJUTQSFEFDFTTPSTIBTCFFOEFWFMPQFEUPGBDJMJUBUFJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNQBSJTPOPGPDDVQBUJPOBMTUBUJTUJDTBOEUPTFSWFBTBNPEFMGPSDPVOUSJFTEFWFMPQJOHPSSFWJTJOHUIFJSOB-tional occupational classications. It is fully supported by the international community as an accepted standard for international labour statistics.

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PREFACE

vii

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W

Part I. Introductory and Methodological Notes

1. Nature, objectives and development of ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0WFSWJFXPG*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BJOPCKFDUJWFTPG*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )JTUPSJDBMCBDLHSPVOE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0WFSWJFXPGUIFVQEBUJOHQSPDFTTBOEDPOTVMUBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4DPQFPGUIFVQEBUJOHXPSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 %FmOJUJPOTPGHSPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *OEFYPGPDDVQBUJPOBMUJUMFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Conceptual framework, design, structure and content of ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6OEFSMZJOHDPODFQUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Denitions of job and occupation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Skill level and skill specialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

%FmOJUJPOTPGUIFGPVS*4$0TLJMMMFWFMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Skill Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Skill Level 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Skill Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skill Level 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"QQMJDBUJPOPGUIFGPVSTLJMMMFWFMTUPUIF*4$0NBKPSHSPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0DDVQBUJPOTGPSXIJDIGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUTEJFSCFUXFFODPVOUSJFT . . $MBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSFBOEDPEFTDIFNF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5IFNBUJDWJFXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 %FmOJUJPOTPGHSPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Purpose of the denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Structure and content of the denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Major changes between ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4VNNBSZPGDIBOHFTBOEUIFSFBTPOTGPSUIFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 .BOBHFSJBMBOETVQFSWJTPSZPDDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Managers, senior officials and legislators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supervisory occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1SPGFTTJPOBMBOEUFDIOJDBMPDDVQBUJPOT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and communications technology (ICT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health services occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONTENTS

viii *OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOTr*4$0

Arts, entertainment, design and sports occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Engineering professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Specialized administrative occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Sub-major and minor group structures for professional and technical occupations . .

$MFSJDBMTBMFTBOETFSWJDFTPDDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occupations involved in the provision of information and services to clients . . . . . . Sales workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and protective services workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chefs, cooks and food preparation assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0DDVQBUJPOTJOBHSJDVMUVSFGPSFTUSZBOEmTIFSJFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0DDVQBUJPOTJODSBGUTSFQBJSBOEPQFSBUJPOPGNBDIJOFSZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electrical and electronics trades workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handicraft workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant and machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*NQSPWFEJEFOUJmDBUJPOPGFMFNFOUBSZPDDVQBUJPOTBOEPGPDDVQBUJPOT QSFEPNJOBOUJOJOGPSNBMFNQMPZNFOU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Notes on specic issues and boundary problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1VSQPTFPGUIFTFOPUFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #PVOEBSZJTTVFTBFDUJOHBCSPBETQFDUSVNPGPDDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Occupations with a broad range of tasks and duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apprentices and trainees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BOBHFSTTVQFSWJTPSTBOEPQFSBUPSTPGCVTJOFTTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managers and supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managers and operators of small businesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size of the organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3FMBUFEPDDVQBUJPOTBUEJFSFOUTLJMMMFWFMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing professionals, associate professionals and personal care workers . . . . . . . . Early childhood educators and child care workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traditional and complementary medicine professionals and associate professionals Occupations in food preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic housekeepers and domestic cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

#PVOEBSJFTCFUXFFOPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQTJOBHSJDVMUVSFGPSFTUSZBOEmTIFSJFT. . Agricultural production managers, farmers and farm managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixed and specialist crop and animal producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market-oriented and subsistence workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skilled farm workers (Major Group 6) and farm labourers (Major Group 9) . . . . . Operation of farm and forestry machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Adapting ISCO-08 for national use and for the production of internationally comparable data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4DFOBSJPTGPSBEBQUBUJPOPG*4$0GPSOBUJPOBMVTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "EPQUJOH*4$0EJSFDUMZGPSOBUJPOBMQVSQPTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %FWFMPQNFOUPSSFWJFXPGBOBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOCBTFEPO*4$0 . . . . . . . . . .BQQJOHOBUJPOBMPDDVQBUJPODMBTTJmDBUJPOTUP*4$0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $PEJOHUPCPUIUIFOBUJPOBMPDDVQBUJPODMBTTJmDBUJPOBOE*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Collection and coding of data for classications based on ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *OGPSNBUJPOOFFEFEGPSDPEJOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents ix

5ZQFTPGRVFTUJPOPOPDDVQBUJPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-coded questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open-ended questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4VHHFTUFERVFTUJPOTSFDPNNFOEFEGPSUFTUJOHBOEGVSUIFSEFWFMPQNFOU . . . . . . . "TTJHOJOHDMBTTJmDBUJPODPEFTUPTVSWFZSFTQPOTFTDPEJOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $PEJOHPGWBHVFBOEJOBEFRVBUFSFTQPOTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPSBOE4VCNBKPS(SPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS4VCNBKPSBOE.JOPS(SPVQT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS4VCNBKPS.JOPSBOE6OJU(SPVQT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

!"#$!"#"%"

.BKPS(SPVQ.BOBHFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ1SPGFTTJPOBMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

.BKPS(SPVQ5FDIOJDJBOTBOE"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ$MFSJDBM4VQQPSU8PSLFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

.BKPS(SPVQ4FSWJDFTBOE4BMFT8PSLFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ4LJMMFE"HSJDVMUVSBM'PSFTUSZBOE'JTIFSZ8PSLFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ$SBGUBOE3FMBUFE5SBEFT8PSLFST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

.BKPS(SPVQ1MBOUBOE.BDIJOF0QFSBUPSTBOE"TTFNCMFST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ&MFNFOUBSZ0DDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.BKPS(SPVQ"SNFE'PSDFT0DDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

& '

$PSSFTQPOEFODFUBCMF*4$0UP*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $PSSFTQPOEFODFUBCMF*4$0UP*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x *OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOTr*4$0

Annexes 4FWFOUFFOUI*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPG-BCPVS4UBUJTUJDJBOT3FTPMVUJPO*** Resolution concerning further work on the International Standard $MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Resolution concerning updating the International Standard Classication PG0DDVQBUJPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tables .BQQJOHPG*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTUPTLJMMMFWFMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BQQJOHPGUIFGPVS*4$0TLJMMMFWFMTUP*4$&%MFWFMTPGFEVDBUJPO . . . . . /VNCFSTPGHSPVQTBUFBDIMFWFMPG*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4VCNBKPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ1SPGFTTJPOBMT*4$0BOE*4$0 . . . . 4VCNBKPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ5FDIOJDJBOTBOE"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMT *4$0BOE*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4VCNBKPSBOENJOPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ*4$0BOE*4$0 . . . . . . . 4VCNBKPSBOENJOPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ&MFNFOUBSZ0DDVQBUJPOT *4$0BOE*4$0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART IINTRODUCTORY AND METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

*OUSPEVDUPSZBOE.FUIPEPMPHJDBM/PUFT 3

1. NATURE, OBJECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISCO-08

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5IF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOT*4$0QSPWJEFTBTZTUFNfor classifying and aggregating occupational information obtained by means of statistical cen-TVTFTBOETVSWFZTBTXFMMBTGSPNBENJOJTUSBUJWFSFDPSET*UJTBSFWJTJPOPGUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOT*4$0

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5IFDMBTTJmDBUJPOXBTBEPQUFECZBUSJQBSUJUF.FFUJOHPG&YQFSUTPO-BCPVS4UBUJTUJDTPOVQEBUJOHUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOT*4$0IFMEGSPNUP%FDFNCFS5IJTNFFUJOHXBTDPOWFOFECZUIF(PWFSOJOH#PEZPGUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BCPVS0DFJOBDDPSEBODFXJUIBSFTPMVUJPOJOPGUIF4FWFOUFFOUI*OUFSOBUJPOBM$PO-GFSFODFPG-BCPVS4UBUJTUJDJBOT*$-4*OUIJTSFTPMVUJPOFOEPSTFECZUIF(PWFSOJOH#PEZJO.BSDIUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BCPVS0DF*-0XBTSFRVFTUFEUPVQEBUF*4$0CZMBUFBOEDPOWFOFBUSJQBSUJUF.FFUJOHPG&YQFSUTUPBEPQUUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOBOENBLFBQ-QSPQSJBUFSFDPNNFOEBUJPOTUPUIF(PWFSOJOH#PEZ*-0UIFGVMMUFYUPGUIFSFTPMVUJPOJTQSPWJEFEJO"OOFY

5IFSFTPMVUJPOPGUIF.FFUJOHPG&YQFSUTXBTFOEPSTFECZUIF(PWFSOJOH#PEZJO.BSDI*UXBTBMTPQSFTFOUFEUPCPUIUIF6OJUFE/BUJPOT4UBUJTUJDBM$PNNJTTJPOBUJUTUITFT-TJPOJO'FCSVBSZBOEUIF&JHIUFFOUI*$-4IFMEGSPN/PWFNCFSUP%FDFNCFS*4$0JTUIVTGVMMZTVQQPSUFECZUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJUZBTBOBDDFQUFETUBOEBSEGPSinternational labour statistics.

&BDIHSPVQJOUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOJTEFTJHOBUFECZBUJUMFBOEDPEFOVNCFSBOEJTBTTPDJBUFEXJUIBEFmOJUJPOUIBUTQFDJmFTUIFTDPQFPGUIFHSPVQ5IFEFmOJUJPOTBMTPTVNNBSJ[FUIFNBJOUBTLTBOEEVUJFTQFSGPSNFEJOPDDVQBUJPOTJODMVEFEJOUIFHSPVQBOEQSPWJEFBMJTUPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQTJODMVEFEPSJOUIFDBTFPGVOJUHSPVQTFYBNQMFTPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOT5IF*4$0IJFSBSDIJDBMTUSVDUVSFDPNQSJTJOHUIFHSPVQUJUMFTBOEDPEFTJTQSFTFOUFEJO1BSU**1BSU***QSFTFOUTUIFDPNQMFUFEFmOJUJPOTPGBMM*4$0VOJUHSPVQTNJOPSHSPVQTsub-major groups and major groups.

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7PMVNF Index of occupational titlesQSPWJEFTTVQQMFNFOUBSZJOGPSNBUJPOPOUIFPDDVQBUJPOTincluded in each group, linking real job titles used in the world of work with the categories in the DMBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSF*UNBZBMTPTFSWFBTBNPEFMUPBTTJTUJOUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPSBEBQUBUJPOPGOBUJPOBMJOEFYFTPGPDDVQBUJPOUJUMFTXIFSFBMJHONFOUXJUI*4$0JTSFRVJSFE7PMVNFJTBSFQMBDFNFOUGPSUIFJOEFYPGPDDVQBUJPOBMUJUMFTQSFTFOUFEBUUIFCBDLPGUIF*4$0QVC-MJDBUJPOBOEJODMVEFTEJHJU*4$0BOE*4$0DPEFTGPSFBDIPDDVQBUJPOBMEFTDSJQUPS

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D BTZTUFNUIBUDBOCFVTFEEJSFDUMZJODPVOUSJFTUIBUIBWFOPUEFWFMPQFEUIFJSPXOOBUJPOBMclassications.

*4$0TFFLTUPGBDJMJUBUFJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPOBCPVUPDDVQBUJPOTCZQSPWJEJOHTUBUJTUJDJBOTXJUIBGSBNFXPSLUPNBLFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQBSBCMFPDDVQBUJPOBMEBUBBWBJM-able, and by allowing international occupational data to be produced in a form that can be VTFGVMGPSSFTFBSDIBTXFMMBTGPSTQFDJmDEFDJTJPONBLJOHBOEBDUJPOPSJFOUFEBDUJWJUJFTTVDIas those connected with international migration or job placement.

*UTIPVMECFFNQIBTJ[FEUIBUXIJMFTFSWJOHBTBNPEFM*4$0JTOPUJOUFOEFEUPSF-QMBDFBOZFYJTUJOHOBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOPGPDDVQBUJPOTBTUIFPDDVQBUJPODMBTTJmDBUJPOTPGJOEJWJEVBMDPVOUSJFTTIPVMEGVMMZSFnFDUCPUIUIFTUSVDUVSFPGUIFOBUJPOBMMBCPVSNBSLFUBOEJOGPSNBUJPOOFFETGPSOBUJPOBMMZSFMFWBOUQVSQPTFT)PXFWFSDPVOUSJFTXIPTFPDDVQBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOTBSFBMJHOFEUP*4$0JODPODFQUBOETUSVDUVSFXJMMmOEJUFBTJFSUPEFWFMPQthe procedures to make their occupational statistics internationally comparable.

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$MBTTJmDBUJPOTPGPDDVQBUJPOTBSFVTFEJOOBUJPOBMDPOUFYUTGPSUIFDPMMFDUJPOBOEEJT-TFNJOBUJPOPGTUBUJTUJDTGSPNTPVSDFTTVDIBTQPQVMBUJPODFOTVTFTMBCPVSGPSDFTVSWFZTBOEPUIFSIPVTFIPMETVSWFZTFNQMPZFSTVSWFZTBOEPUIFSTPVSDFT5IFZBSFBMTPVTFECZHPWFSO-NFOUTBOEDPNQBOJFTJOBDUJWJUJFTTVDIBTNBUDIJOHKPCTFFLFSTXJUIKPCWBDBODJFTFEVDBUJPOBMplanning, reporting of industrial accidents, administration of workers compensation, and the management of employment-related migration.

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*UJTJNQPSUBOUUPOPUFUIBUBMUIPVHIVTFGVMJOGBDJMJUBUJOHUIFQSPWJTJPOPGTUBOEBSEJO-GPSNBUJPOGPSEFDJTJPONBLJOHPOPDDVQBUJPOBMJTTVFT*4$0JTOPUBGSBNFXPSLGPSBE-NJOJTUSBUJWFSFHVMBUJPOPGPDDVQBUJPOT5IFEFTJHOBUJPOTFNQMPZFEBOEUIFQSFTFOUBUJPOPGEFTDSJQUJWFBOEEFmOJUJPOBMNBUFSJBM JO*4$0EPOPU JNQMZUIFFYQSFTTJPOPGBOZPQJOJPOXIBUTPFWFSPOUIFQBSUPGUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BCPVS0DFDPODFSOJOHUIFMFHBMPSSFHVMBUPSZstatus of any occupational group.


(+ /$23

5IFEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOTHPFTCBDLmany decades and has always been closely connected with the work of the International Con-ference of Labour Statisticians, which meets under the auspices of the International Labour 0SHBOJ[BUJPO5IFOFFEGPSBOJOUFSOBUJPOBMTUBOEBSEDMBTTJmDBUJPOPGPDDVQBUJPOTXBTEJT-DVTTFEBTFBSMZBTBUUIFmSTU*$-4*-0BOE3FTPMVUJPOQBSB

8PSLUPEFWFMPQ*4$0XBTJOJUJBUFEJOBUUIF4JYUI*$-4BOEUIFmSTUQPTJUJWFTUFQUPXBSETJUTFTUBCMJTINFOUXBTUIFBEPQUJPOPGBQSPWJTJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOPGOJOFNBKPSHSPVQTCZUIF4FWFOUI*$-4JO*OUIF*-0QVCMJTIFEUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM$MBTTJmDBUJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOTGPS.JHSBUJPOBOE&NQMPZNFOU1MBDFNFOUXJUIEFUBJMFEEFTDSJQUJPOTPGPD-DVQBUJPOTCBTFEPOUIFOBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOTPGFJHIUJOEVTUSJBMJ[FEDPVOUSJFT"UUIF&JHIUI*$-4BQSPWJTJPOBMMJTUPGNJOPSHSPVQTXBTBQQSPWFE5IF/JOUI*$-4DPN-pleted the work by endorsing the major, minor and unit groups of the rst ISCO, which was QVCMJTIFECZUIF*-0JOBOEIFODFJTLOPXOBT*4$0*UIBECFFOSFDPHOJ[FEBUUIF/JOUI*$-4UIBU*4$0XPVMEOFFEUPCFSFWJTFEBGUFSBDFSUBJOUJNF5IF&MFWFOUI*$-4DPOTJEFSFEBOEBEPQUFEBSFWJTFEFEJUJPOPG*4$0*4$0

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4JODFJUTBEPQUJPO*4$0IBTCFFOXJEFMZVTFEBTUIFCBTJTGPSEFWFMPQNFOUPGOBUJPOBMand multinational classications and for the dissemination of international data classied CZPDDVQBUJPO&BSMZJOUIFmSTUEFDBEFPGUIFTUDFOUVSZJUCFDBNFDMFBSIPXFWFSUIBUUIFSFXBTBOFFEUPVQEBUF*4$0UPSFnFDUDIBOHFTJOUIFPDDVQBUJPOBMTUSVDUVSFPGUIFworkforce, as well as to address a number of problems that had been identied during its use JOTUBUJTUJDBMBOEPUIFSBQQMJDBUJPOT5IFSFXFSFQBSUJDVMBSDPODFSOTBCPVUUIFOFFEUPSFnFDUDIBOHFTSFTVMUJOHGSPNUIFJNQBDUPGEFWFMPQNFOUTJOJOGPSNBUJPOBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTUFDI-nology on the workforce.

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ensure that the ILO, as the custodian of the International Standard Classication of Occupations *4$0

XJMMIBWFUIFDBQBDJUZUP(1) undertake the research and consultations necessary to formulate the modications and updates PG*4$0UIBUBSFOFDFTTBSZUPFOTVSFUIBUJUDBODPOUJOVFUPTFSWFBTBHPPENPEFMGPSOBUJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOTUPCFVTFEGPSTUBUJTUJDTBTXFMMBTGPSDMJFOUSFMBUFEBQQMJDBUJPOT(2) complete this work not later than the end of 2007 for the results to be taken into account in national preparations for the majority of population censuses that are to be undertaken in the 2010 round.1

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(4 ))'3

22. In conducting the work to update ISCO, the ILO consulted as widely as possible with TUBLFIPMEFSTBOEJOUFSFTUFEQBSUJFT5IFNBOEBUFGSPNUIF*$-4UPQSPDFFEXJUIUIFVQEBUJOHPG*4$0XBTJOGPSNFECZBSFQPSUDPNNJTTJPOFECZUIF*-0QSFTFOUJOHBSHVNFOUTGPSBOEBHBJOTUEJFSFOUQBUITCBTFEPOSFDFOUFYQFSJFODFTXJUIOBUJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOBMDMBTTJmDBUJPOTJOBOVNCFSPGDPVOUSJFT#VEMFOEFS.BOZPGUIFJTTVFTSBJTFEJOUIJTSFQPSUXFSFGVS-UIFSFYQMPSFEBMPOHXJUIPUIFSTCZNFBOTPGUXPRVFTUJPOOBJSFTUIBUXFSFTFOUUPBMMDPVO-USJFTUISPVHIUIFJSNJOJTUSJFTPGMBCPVSOBUJPOBMTUBUJTUJDBMJOTUJUVUFTFNQMPZNFOUTFSWJDFTWPDBUJPOBMUSBJOJOHJOTUJUVUFTBOEFNQMPZFSTBOEXPSLFSTPSHBOJ[BUJPOT4VDDFTTJWFESBGUTPGUIFVQEBUFEDMBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSFXFSFTFOUGPSDPNNFOU5IF*-0BMTPDPOTVMUFEXJUIBrange of specialized agencies, workers and employers organizations, and stakeholders with an interest in those occupational areas where most updating was needed.

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XFSFQSPQPTFE5IF*-0UIFOQSFQBSFEBmOBMESBGU*4$0TUSVDUVSFXIJDIXBTQSFTFOUFEBTBO"OOFYUPUIFESBGUSFTPMVUJPODPODFSOJOHVQEBUJOHUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4UBOEBSE$MBTTJmDB-UJPOPG0DDVQBUJPOTGPSDPOTJEFSBUJPOBUUIF.FFUJOHPG&YQFSUTPO-BCPVS4UBUJTUJDTIFMEJO%FDFNCFS"UUIJTNFFUJOHBTNBMMOVNCFSPGBNFOENFOUTUPUIFESBGUXFSFNBEFBOEthe amended classication structure was adopted as the International Standard Classication PG0DDVQBUJPOTTFF*-0

(5 3'2

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8JUIJOUIFGSBNFXPSLPGUIJTHFOFSBMSFTUSJDUJPOUIF*-0EFUFSNJOFEJODPOTVMUBUJPOXJUIUIF5&(*4$0BOEUIF6/&YQFSU(SPVQPO*OUFSOBUJPOBM&DPOPNJDBOE4PDJBM$MBTTJmDB-tions, that the nature of the structural and methodological changes that might be made to *4$0XPVMECFMJNJUFEUPUIFGPMMPXJOHTQFDJmDUZQFTPGDIBOHF

5IFDMBTTJmDBUJPOXBTUPCFSFWJFXFEGSPNUIFQPJOUPGWJFXPGUIFSFMBUJWFTJ[FBOEEJWFSTJUZPGHSPVQTBUEJFSFOUMFWFMTCVUCFDBVTFPGUIFXJEFEJFSFODFTJOOBUJPOBMcircumstances, it would not be possible to impose strict guidelines on the size of groups.

0DDVQBUJPOTXJUIUIFTBNFKPCDPOUFOUCVUXJUIEJFSFOUGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUTJOEJFSFOUDPVOUSJFTXFSFUPCFDMBTTJmFEJOBTJOHMFVOJUHSPVQUIVTFMJNJOBUJOHUIFOFFEGPSiQBSBMMFMHSPVQTw

5IF*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTXFSFUPCFNFSHFEEFMFUFEPSPUIFSXJTFDIBOHFEPOMZJOFYDFQUJPOBMDJSDVNTUBODFT*OQSBDUJDFUIFNBKPSHSPVQTXFSFOPUGVOEBNFOUBMMZDIBOHFEBMUIPVHITPNFPDDVQBUJPOTXFSFNPWFEGSPNPOFNBKPSHSPVQUPBOPUIFSBOEUIFOBNFTPGTPNFNBKPSHSPVQTXFSFDIBOHFEUPJNQSPWFDMBSJUZ

5IFSFXBTBOFFEGPSNPSFDPNQSFIFOTJWFFYQMBOBUPSZBOENFUIPEPMPHJDBMOPUFTUIBOUIPTFQSPWJEFEXJUI*4$0

Sub-major and minor groups should be split or merged only if there had been signicant HSPXUIPSEFDMJOFJOUIFOVNCFSTPGQFPQMFFNQMPZFEJOUIFNBOEPSXIFSFHSPVQTBUBMPXFSMFWFMXFSFTQMJUPSNFSHFE4VCNBKPSHSPVQTTIPVMEIPXFWFSDPOUBJOTVDJFOUMZMBSHFOVNCFSTUPBMMPXUIFQSPEVDUJPOPGNFBOJOHGVMTVNNBSZTUBUJTUJDT5IFUPUBMOVNCFSPGTVCNBKPSHSPVQTTIPVMEOPUEFDSFBTFESBNBUJDBMMZPSHSPXCFZPOEBCPVU

6OJUHSPVQTDPVMECFTQMJUPSNFSHFEBOEOFXHSPVQTDPVMECFDSFBUFEUPSFnFDUPD-DVQBUJPOBMDIBOHFBOEOFXMZJEFOUJmFESFRVJSFNFOUT6OJUHSPVQTDPVMEBMTPCFTQMJUwhere necessary, to support aggregation of data according to a set of proposed thematic WJFXTTFFTFDUJPOCFMPX

6OJUHSPVQTXFSFOPUUPCFDSFBUFEGPSPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUXFSFWFSZTNBMMJOOVNCFSTPGXPSLFSTPSUIBUFYJTUFEPOMZJOBTNBMMOVNCFSPGDPVOUSJFT4VDIPDDVQBUJPOTBSFJODMVEFEBTQBSUPGBVOJUHSPVQDPOUBJOJOHTJNJMBSPDDVQBUJPOTPSJOBTVJUBCMFiOPUFMTFXIFSFDMBTTJmFEwDBUFHPSZ

5IFDPOUFOUPGSFTJEVBMOPUFMTFXIFSFDMBTTJmFEHSPVQTXBTUPCFSFWJFXFE8IFSFTVDIHSPVQTXFSFVOBWPJEBCMFUIFNBJOPDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEUIFSFXFSFUPCFMJTUFEBTQBSUPGUIFEFmOJUJPOPGUIFHSPVQBOEJOUIFJOEFY

*OBEEJUJPOUPDIBOHFTPGUIJTUZQFJUXBTSFDPHOJ[FEUIBUUIFSFXPVMECFBOFFEUPEFWFMPQdenitions of all groups in the classication that were new or modied, to update and refresh UIFEFmOJUJPOTPGUIPTFHSPVQTUIBUIBEOPUDIBOHFEUPVQEBUFUIFJOEFYPGPDDVQBUJPOUJUMFTBOEUPQSPWJEFDPSSFTQPOEFODFUBCMFTTIPXJOHUIFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFO*4$0BOE*4$0


(6 3

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"UJUTNFFUJOHJO"QSJMUIF5&(*4$0BHSFFEPOBTFUPGQSJODJQMFTGPSEFWFMPQJOHPSVQEBUJOHEFmOJUJPOTPG*4$0DBUFHPSJFT*OQBSUJDVMBSJUXBTBHSFFEUIBUUIFPWFSBMMTUSVDUVSFPGUIFEFmOJUJPOTTIPVMECFTJNJMBSUPUIBUVTFEJO*4$04PNFQSPCMFNTXFSFOFWFSUIFMFTTJEFOUJmFEXJUIUIFTUSVDUVSFBOEDPOUFOUPG*4$0EFmOJUJPOTJODMVEJOHUIFGPMMPXJOH

/PUFTGPPUOPUFTBOESFGFSFODFTUPUIFEFmOJUJPOTPGDBUFHPSJFTXFSFVTFEUPFYQMBJOUIFCPVOEBSJFTBOEEJFSFODFTCFUXFFOPUIFSDBUFHPSJFTNFBOJOHUIBUTPNFEFmOJUJPOTwere not capable of standing on their own.

4PNFEFmOJUJPOTPGVOJUHSPVQTJO*4$0.BKPS(SPVQGPDVTFEFYDFTTJWFMZPOSF-search and theoretical work, with insufficient reference to practical tasks.

5IFSFXBTSFQFUJUJPOJONBOZEFmOJUJPOTPGTJNJMBSQISBTFTUIBUBEEFEMJUUMFJOUIFXBZPGEFTDSJQUJWFJOGPSNBUJPOBOENBEFJUEJDVMUUPJEFOUJGZUIFLFZEJFSFODFTCFUXFFOgroups.

5IFSFXBTBMBDLPGDMBSJUZBCPVUXIFUIFSUIFUBTLTUBUFNFOUTXFSFNFBOUUPDIBSBDUFSJ[Fthe main tasks typically performed in an occupational group, or whether all tasks were to be performed in all jobs classied in the group.

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%SBGUEFmOJUJPOTPGBMMHSPVQTXFSFNBEFBWBJMBCMFPOUIF*OUFSOFUGPSDPNNFOUQBS-ticularly by countries that were in the process of updating national classications to facilitate DPNQBSBCJMJUZXJUI*4$05IJTDPOTVMUBUJPOQSPDFTTQSPWJEFEUIFPQQPSUVOJUZUPJNQSPWFCPUIUIFRVBMJUZBOEDMBSJUZPGUIFEFmOJUJPOT

(7 9

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*ODPOTJEFSJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTGPSBOVQEBUFEJOEFYPGPDDVQBUJPOBMUJUMFTUIF5&(*4$0DPODMVEFEUIBUUIFNBJOQVSQPTFTBOEMJLFMZVTFTPGUIF*4$0JOEFYXFSFUIFGPMMPXJOH

UPDMBSJGZUIFPDDVQBUJPOBMDPOUFOUPGFBDI*4$0VOJUHSPVQ to help users of ISCO to nd particular categories in the classication and determine XIFSFQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOTBSFDMBTTJmFE


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to be used directly to assign responses in statistical collections to ISCO in situations XIFSFOPOBUJPOBMJOEFYFYJTUTBOEXIFSFDPVOUSJFTBSFOPUBCMFUPEFWFMPQBOBUJPOBMJOEFYJOBEWBODFPGEBUBQSPDFTTJOH2

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5IF*4$0Index of occupational titlesJTQVCMJTIFEBT*4$07PMVNFJOBMQIBCFU-JDBMPSEFSBOEJODPEFPSEFSGPSCPUI*4$0BOE*4$0*UNBZCFPCUBJOFEJOFMFDUSPOJDGPSNPOUIF*4$0XFCTJUFIUUQXXXJMPPSHQVCMJDFOHMJTICVSFBVTUBUJTDPJOEFYIUNPSCZTFOEJOHBOFNBJMUP*4$0!JMPPSH*UNBZCFVTFEBTBTUBSUJOHQPJOUJOUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGOBUJPOBMDPEJOHJOEFYFTXJUIPVUCSFBDIPG*-0DPQZSJHIU

2 "TUIFSFBSFXJEFWBSJBUJPOTJOUIFVTBHFBOENFBOJOHPGPDDVQBUJPOBMUFSNJOPMPHZFWFOCFUXFFODPVOUSJFTUIBUTQFBLUIFTBNFMBOHVBHFJUJTTUSPOHMZSFDPNNFOEFEUIBUDPVOUSJFTEFWFMPQOBUJPOBMJOEFYFTCBTFEPOXPSETUIBUBSFBDUVBMMZHJWFOPSBSFMJLFMZUPCFHJWFOJOSFTQPOTFUPRVFTUJPOTPOPDDVQBUJPOJOUIFOBUJPOBMDPOUFYU


2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, DESIGN, STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF ISCO-08

*( %;3

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5IFGSBNFXPSLVTFEGPSUIFEFTJHOBOEDPOTUSVDUJPOPG*4$0JTCBTFEPOUXPNBJODPODFQUTUIFDPODFQUPGjob, and the concept of skill.

" jobJTEFmOFEJO*4$0BTiBTFUPGUBTLTBOEEVUJFTQFSGPSNFEPSNFBOUUPCFQFS-GPSNFECZPOFQFSTPOJODMVEJOHGPSBOFNQMPZFSPSJOTFMGFNQMPZNFOUw

Occupation SFGFSTUPUIFLJOEPGXPSLQFSGPSNFEJOBKPC5IFDPODFQUPGoccupation is EFmOFEBTBiTFUPGKPCTXIPTFNBJOUBTLTBOEEVUJFTBSFDIBSBDUFSJ[FECZBIJHIEFHSFFPGTJNJMBSJUZw"QFSTPONBZCFBTTPDJBUFEXJUIBOPDDVQBUJPOUISPVHIUIFNBJOKPCDVSSFOUMZIFMEBTFDPOEKPCBGVUVSFKPCPSBKPCQSFWJPVTMZIFME

SkillJTEFmOFEBTUIFBCJMJUZUPDBSSZPVUUIFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTPGBHJWFOKPC'PSUIFQVS-QPTFTPG*4$0UXPEJNFOTJPOTPGTLJMMBSFVTFEUPBSSBOHFPDDVQBUJPOTJOUPHSPVQT5IFTFare skill level and skill specialization.

Skill levelJTEFmOFEBTBGVODUJPOPGUIFDPNQMFYJUZBOESBOHFPGUBTLTBOEEVUJFTUPCFQFS-GPSNFEJOBOPDDVQBUJPO4LJMMMFWFMJTNFBTVSFEPQFSBUJPOBMMZCZDPOTJEFSJOHPOFPSNPSFPG

the nature of the work performed in an occupation in relation to the characteristic tasks BOEEVUJFTEFmOFEGPSFBDI*4$0TLJMMMFWFM

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5IFDPODFQUPGTLJMMMFWFMJTBQQMJFENBJOMZBUUIFUPQNBKPSHSPVQMFWFMPGUIFDMBTTJmDB-UJPOHJWJOHNPSFFNQIBTJTUPUIFmSTUPGUIFTFPQFSBUJPOBMNFBTVSFTUIFOBUVSFPGUIFXPSLQFSGPSNFEUIBOUPUIFGPSNBMBOEJOGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUT

#FBSJOHJONJOEUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMDIBSBDUFSPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOPOMZGPVSCSPBETLJMMMFWFMTBSFEFmOFE"TBSFTVMUFJHIUPGUIFUFONBKPSHSPVQTJO*4$0DPOUBJOPDDVQBUJPOTPOMZBUPOFPGGPVSTLJMMMFWFMT'PSFYBNQMF*4$0.BKPS(SPVQ1SPGFTTJPOBMTJODMVEFTPOMZPDDVQBUJPOTBUUIFIJHIFTU*4$0TLJMMMFWFM4LJMM-FWFM"MMHSPVQTCFMPXUIFNBKPSHSPVQMFWFMDPOUBJOPDDVQBUJPOTBUPOMZPOFTLJMMMFWFM

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.BOZPDDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMNBZSFRVJSFQIZTJDBMTUSFOHUIBOEPSFOEVSBODF'PSTPNFKPCTCBTJDTLJMMTJOMJUFSBDZBOEOVNFSBDZNBZCFSFRVJSFE*GSFRVJSFEUIFTFTLJMMTXPVMEnot be a major part of the work.

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0DDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFMJODMVEFPDFDMFBOFSTGSFJHIUIBOEMFSTHBSEFOlabourers and kitchen assistants.

0DDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMUZQJDBMMZJOWPMWFUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGUBTLTTVDIBTPQFSBUJOHNBDIJOFSZBOEFMFDUSPOJDFRVJQNFOUESJWJOHWFIJDMFTNBJOUFOBODFBOESFQBJSPGFMFDUSJDBMBOENFDIBOJDBMFRVJQNFOUBOENBOJQVMBUJPOPSEFSJOHBOETUPSBHFPGJOGPSNBUJPO

'PSBMNPTUBMMPDDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMUIFBCJMJUZUPSFBEJOGPSNBUJPOTVDIBTTBGFUZinstructions, to make written records of work completed, and to accurately perform simple BSJUINFUJDBMDBMDVMBUJPOTJTFTTFOUJBM.BOZPDDVQBUJPOTBUUIJTTLJMMMFWFMSFRVJSFSFMBUJWFMZBEWBODFEMJUFSBDZBOEOVNFSBDZTLJMMTBOEHPPEJOUFSQFSTPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPOTLJMMT*OTPNFPDDVQBUJPOTUIFTFTLJMMTBSFSFRVJSFEGPSBNBKPSQBSUPGUIFXPSL.BOZPDDVQBUJPOTBUUIJTTLJMMMFWFMSFRVJSFBIJHIMFWFMPGNBOVBMEFYUFSJUZ

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0DDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFMJODMVEFCVUDIFSTCVTESJWFSTTFDSFUBSJFTBDDPVOUTclerks, sewing machinists, dressmakers, shop sales assistants, police officers, hairdressers, CVJMEJOHFMFDUSJDJBOTBOENPUPSWFIJDMFNFDIBOJDT


0DDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMUZQJDBMMZJOWPMWFUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGDPNQMFYUFDIOJDBMBOEQSBDUJDBMUBTLTUIBUSFRVJSFBOFYUFOTJWFCPEZPGGBDUVBMUFDIOJDBMBOEQSPDFEVSBMLOPXMFEHFJOBTQFDJBMJ[FEmFME&YBNQMFTPGTQFDJmDUBTLTQFSGPSNFEJODMVEFFOTVSJOHDPNQMJBODFXJUIIFBMUITBGFUZBOESFMBUFESFHVMBUJPOTQSFQBSJOHEFUBJMFEFTUJNBUFTPGRVBOUJUJFTBOEDPTUTPGNBUFSJBMTBOEMBCPVSSFRVJSFEGPSTQFDJmDQSPKFDUTDPPSEJOBUJOHTVQFSWJTJOHDPOUSPMMJOHBOETDIFEVMJOHUIFBDUJWJUJFTPGPUIFSXPSLFSTBOEQFSGPSNJOHUFDIOJDBMGVODUJPOTJOTVQQPSUPGprofessionals.

0DDVQBUJPOTBUUIJTTLJMMMFWFMHFOFSBMMZSFRVJSFBIJHIMFWFMPGMJUFSBDZBOEOVNFSBDZBOEXFMMEFWFMPQFEJOUFSQFSTPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPOTLJMMT5IFTFTLJMMTNBZJODMVEFUIFBCJMJUZUPVOEFSTUBOEDPNQMFYXSJUUFONBUFSJBMQSFQBSFGBDUVBMSFQPSUTBOEDPNNVOJDBUFWFSCBMMZJOdifficult circumstances.

5IFLOPXMFEHFBOETLJMMTSFRVJSFEGPSDPNQFUFOUQFSGPSNBODFJOPDDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMBSFVTVBMMZPCUBJOFEBTUIFSFTVMUPGTUVEZBUBIJHIFSFEVDBUJPOBMJOTUJUVUJPOGPSBQFSJPEPGoZFBSTGPMMPXJOHDPNQMFUJPOPGTFDPOEBSZFEVDBUJPO*4$&%-FWFMC*OTPNFDBTFTFYUFOTJWFSFMFWBOUXPSLFYQFSJFODFBOEQSPMPOHFEPOUIFKPCUSBJOJOHNBZTVCTUJ-tute for the formal education.

0DDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFMJODMVEFTIPQNBOBHFSTNFEJDBMMBCPSBUPSZUFDIOJ-DJBOTMFHBMTFDSFUBSJFTDPNNFSDJBMTBMFTSFQSFTFOUBUJWFTEJBHOPTUJDNFEJDBMSBEJPHSBQIFSTcomputer support technicians, and broadcasting and recording technicians.

0DDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMUZQJDBMMZJOWPMWFUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGUBTLTUIBUSFRVJSFDPN-QMFYQSPCMFNTPMWJOHEFDJTJPONBLJOHBOEDSFBUJWJUZCBTFEPOBOFYUFOTJWFCPEZPGUIFPSFUJDBMBOEGBDUVBMLOPXMFEHFJOBTQFDJBMJ[FEmFME5IFUBTLTQFSGPSNFEUZQJDBMMZJODMVEFBOBMZTJTBOESFTFBSDIUPFYUFOEUIFCPEZPGIVNBOLOPXMFEHFJOBQBSUJDVMBSmFMEEJBHOPTJTBOEtreatment of disease, imparting knowledge to others, and design of structures or machinery and of processes for construction and production.

0DDVQBUJPOTBUUIJTTLJMMMFWFMHFOFSBMMZSFRVJSFFYUFOEFEMFWFMTPGMJUFSBDZBOEOVNFSBDZTPNFUJNFTBUBWFSZIJHIMFWFMBOEFYDFMMFOUJOUFSQFSTPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPOTLJMMT5IFTFTLJMMTVTVBMMZJODMVEFUIFBCJMJUZUPVOEFSTUBOEDPNQMFYXSJUUFONBUFSJBMBOEDPNNVOJDBUFDPNQMFYideas in media such as books, images, performances, reports and oral presentations.

5IFLOPXMFEHFBOETLJMMTSFRVJSFEGPSDPNQFUFOUQFSGPSNBODFJOPDDVQBUJPOTBU4LJMM-FWFMBSFVTVBMMZPCUBJOFEBTUIFSFTVMUPGTUVEZBUBIJHIFSFEVDBUJPOBMJOTUJUVUJPOGPSBQFSJPEPGoZFBSTMFBEJOHUPUIFBXBSEPGBmSTUEFHSFFPSIJHIFSRVBMJmDBUJPO*4$&%-FWFMBPSIJHIFS*OTPNFDBTFTFYUFOTJWFFYQFSJFODFBOEPOUIFKPCUSBJOJOHNBZTVC-TUJUVUFGPSUIFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOPSNBZCFSFRVJSFE JOBEEJUJPOUPGPSNBMFEVDBUJPO*ONBOZDBTFTBQQSPQSJBUFGPSNBMRVBMJmDBUJPOTBSFBOFTTFOUJBMSFRVJSFNFOUGPSFOUSZUPUIFoccupation.

0DDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFMJODMVEFTBMFTBOENBSLFUJOHNBOBHFSTDJWJMFOHJ-neers, secondary school teachers, medical practitioners, musicians, operating theatre nurses and computer systems analysts.

*+


Table 1. Mapping of ISCO-08 major groups to skill levels

ISCO-08 major groups Skill level

.BOBHFST 2 Professionals 5FDIOJDJBOTBOE"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMT $MFSJDBM4VQQPSU8PSLFST 4FSWJDFTBOE4BMFT8PSLFST 4LJMMFE"HSJDVMUVSBM'PSFTUSZBOE'JTIFSZ8PSLFST $SBGUBOE3FMBUFE5SBEFT8PSLFST 1MBOUBOE.BDIJOF0QFSBUPSTBOE"TTFNCMFST

2

9 Elementary Occupations 1

"SNFE'PSDFT0DDVQBUJPOT

*OUIPTFDBTFTXIFSFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTBSFVTFEBTQBSUPGUIFNFBTVSFNFOUPGUIFTLJMMMFWFMPGBOPDDVQBUJPOUIFTFSFRVJSFNFOUTBSFEFmOFEJOUFSNTPG*4$&%"NBQQJOHCFUXFFO*4$0TLJMMMFWFMTBOEMFWFMTPGFEVDBUJPOJO*4$&%JTQSP-WJEFEJOUBCMF

Table 2. Mapping of the four ISCO-08 skill levels to ISCED-97 levels of education

ISCO-08 skill level ISCED-97 groups

4FDPOETUBHFPGUFSUJBSZFEVDBUJPOMFBEJOHUPBOBEWBODFESFTFBSDIRVBMJGJDBUJPO

B 'JSTUTUBHFPGUFSUJBSZFEVDBUJPOTUEFHSFFNFEJVNEVSBUJPO

C 'JSTUTUBHFPGUFSUJBSZFEVDBUJPOTIPSUPSNFEJVNEVSBUJPO

2 1PTUTFDPOEBSZOPOUFSUJBSZFEVDBUJPO

6QQFSTFDPOEBSZMFWFMPGFEVDBUJPO -PXFSTFDPOEBSZMFWFMPGFEVDBUJPO

1 1SJNBSZMFWFMPGFEVDBUJPO

5IFVTFPG*4$&%DBUFHPSJFTUPBTTJTUJOEFmOJOHUIFGPVSTLJMMMFWFMTEPFTOPUJNQMZUIBUUIFTLJMMTOFDFTTBSZUPQFSGPSNUIFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTPGBHJWFOKPCDBOCFBDRVJSFEPOMZUISPVHIGPSNBMFEVDBUJPO5IFTLJMMTNBZCFBOEPGUFOBSFBDRVJSFEUISPVHIJOGPSNBMUSBJOJOHBOEFYQFSJFODF*OBEEJUJPOJUTIPVMECFFNQIBTJ[FEUIBUUIFGPDVTJO*4$0JTPOUIFTLJMMTSFRVJSFEUPDBSSZPVUUIFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTPGBOPDDVQBUJPOoBOEOPUPOXIFUIFSBXPSLFSemployed in a particular occupation is more or less skilled than another worker in the same occupation.

'PSNBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTBSFUIVTPOMZPOFDPNQPOFOUPGUIFNFBT-VSFNFOUPGTLJMMMFWFMBOETIPVMECFTFFOBTJOEJDBUJWF5IFNPTUJNQPSUBOUEFUFSNJOBOUPGTLJMMMFWFMJTUIFOBUVSFPGUIFUBTLTQFSGPSNFEJOBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOJOSFMBUJPOUPUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDUBTLTEFmOFEGPSFBDITLJMMMFWFM*ODPOTJEFSJOHUIFTFUBTLTIPXFWFSJUTIPVMECFOPUFEUIBUUIFMFWFMPGHFOFSJDTLJMMTUIPTFTLJMMTUIBUBSFOPUTQFDJmDUPBQBSUJDVMBSPDDV-QBUJPOBMHSPVQBOEBSFSFRVJSFEGPSNBOZKPCTNBZEJFSTJHOJmDBOUMZCFUXFFOPDDVQBUJPOTEVFUPUIFOBUVSFPGUIFKPC'PSFYBNQMFJOTVSBODFSFQSFTFOUBUJWFTDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFMNBZSFRVJSFBIJHIFSMFWFMPGJOUFSQFSTPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPOTLJMMTUIBOTPGUXBSFEFWFMPQFSTBU4LJMM-FWFMNBJOMZEVFUPEJFSFODFTJOOBUVSFPGUIFXPSLQFSGPSNFE

4JODFUIFFOUJUZDMBTTJmFEJTUIFKPCOPUUIFQFSTPOXIPIPMETUIFKPCJUJTOPUSFMFWBOUUPDPOTJEFSUIFTLJMMTPSRVBMJmDBUJPOTIFMECZUIFQFSTPOJOPSEFSUPDMBTTJGZUIFKPC*UJTOPUOFDFTTBSZGPSBQFSTPOUPIPMERVBMJmDBUJPOTBUBQBSUJDVMBSMFWFMJOPSEFSGPSUIFJSKPCUPCFDMBTTJmFEBUBQBSUJDVMBS*4$0TLJMMMFWFM5IVTGPSFYBNQMFBQFSTPOXIPJTFNQMPZFEJOBKPCUIBUSFRVJSFTUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGUIFUBTLTPGBCSJDLMBZFSTIPVMECFDMBTTJmFEJO6OJU(SPVQ#SJDLMBZFSTBOE3FMBUFE8PSLFSTXIFUIFSPSOPUUIBUQFSTPOIPMETGPSNBMRVBMJ-mDBUJPOTBTBCSJDLMBZFSPSJTBHPPECBEPSJOEJFSFOUCSJDLMBZFS4JNJMBSMZBQFSTPOXIP

3 "UUIFUJNFPGQVCMJDBUJPOJUJTVOEFSTUPPEUIBUUIFSFWJTJPOPG*4$&%NBZCFDPNQMFUFEJO8IJMTUUIJTXPVMEOPUJNQMZBOZDIBOHFJOUIFCPVOEBSJFTCFUXFFO*4$0TLJMMMFWFMTUIF*-0XJMMQSPWJEFJOGPSNBUJPOBCPVUUIFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFOBOZOFX*4$&%MFWFMTPGFEVDBUJPOBOE*4$0TLJMMMFWFMT


JTFNQMPZFEJOBKPCUIBUSFRVJSFTUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGUIFUBTLTPGBWFUFSJOBSJBOTIPVMECFDMBTTJmFEJO6OJU(SPVQ7FUFSJOBSJBOTXIFUIFSPSOPUUIBUQFSTPOIPMETGPSNBMRVBMJ-mDBUJPOTBTBWFUFSJOBSJBOPSJTDPNQFUFOUUPQFSGPSNUIFTFUBTLT

'JOBMMZ JUTIPVMECFOPUFEUIBUUIFDPODFQUPGTLJMM MFWFM JTBQQMJFECZDPOTJEFSJOHUIFMFWFMPGTLJMMSFRVJSFEGPSDPNQFUFOUQFSGPSNBODFPGUIFUBTLTSFRVJSFEGPSentryMFWFMKPCTJOBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQ4PNFJOEJWJEVBMTFNQMPZFEJOPDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEBUBQBSUJDVMBSTLJMMMFWFMNBZUIFSFGPSFQPTTFTTIJHIFSPSMPXFSTLJMMT5IFMFWFMPGTLJMMSFRVJSFEGPSNPSFTFOJPSKPCTJOBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPONBZBMTPCFIJHIFSUIBOUIBUSFRVJSFEGPSUIFoccupation as a whole.

*4 '=>=$'

"QBSUJDVMBSMZTJHOJmDBOUDIBOHFJOUIFBQQMJDBUJPOPGUIFDPODFQUPGTLJMM MFWFMUPUIFEFTJHOPG*4$0SFnFDUTUIFQSJODJQMFUIBUPDDVQBUJPOTUIBU JOWPMWFUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGUIFTBNFUBTLTTIPVMEBMXBZTCFDMBTTJmFEJOUIFTBNFQMBDFFWFOJGUIFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBMRVBMJmDBUJPOTSFRVJSFEPSIFMENBZEJFSGSPNPOFDPVOUSZUPBOPUIFS

"NBKPSQSPCMFNJEFOUJmFECZVTFSTPG*4$0SFMBUFEUPPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUSFRVJSFEUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGTJNJMBSUBTLTBOEEVUJFTPSDPOUFOUCVUIBEBEJFSFOUIJHIFSPSMPXFSTLJMMMFWFMSFRVJSFNFOUBTNFBTVSFEJOQBSUJDVMBSDPVOUSJFTCBTFEPOGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBMRVBMJmDB-UJPOT5IJTJTCFDBVTFHJWFOEJFSFODFTJOOBUJPOBMFEVDBUJPOTZTUFNTUIFTBNFPDDVQBUJPOSFRVJSJOHQFSGPSNBODFPGCSPBEMZUIFTBNFTFUPGUBTLTBOEEVUJFTDBOCFVOEFSUBLFOCZJO-EJWJEVBMTXJUIEJFSFOUMFWFMTPGGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOXJUIPVUBFDUJOHUIFMFWFMPGTLJMMSFRVJSFEfor competent performance of the tasks.4

5IF*4$0HVJEFMJOFTSFDPNNFOEFEUIBUPDDVQBUJPOTXJUIIJHIFSPSMPXFSTLJMMSFRVJSF-NFOUTJOUIFOBUJPOBMDPOUFYUUIBOUIPTFBTTJHOFEJO*4$0CFDMBTTJmFEUPUIFNBKPSHSPVQDPSSFTQPOEJOHUPUIFTLJMMMFWFMUIBUXBTSFRVJSFEGPSTVDIKPCTJOUIFDPVOUSZDPODFSOFE5IJTapproach tended to reduce international comparability, as occupations with similar content in UFSNTPGUIFUBTLTQFSGPSNFEXFSFDMBTTJmFEJOEJFSFOU*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTEFQFOEJOHPOUIFDPVOUSZ5IJTXBTQBSUJDVMBSMZUIFDBTFXIFOTLJMMMFWFMXBTJOUFSQSFUFEQSJNBSJMZJOUFSNTPGUIFMFWFMPGGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFEJOUIFOBUJPOBMDPOUFYU

5XPPGUIFNPTUPCWJPVTDBTFTXIFSFUIJTXBTBQSPCMFNJO*4$0SFMBUFEUPUIFUSFBU-ment of nurses and primary and pre-primary school teachers. In some countries, nurses and UFBDIFSTSFRVJSFBVOJWFSTJUZEFHSFFXIJMFJOPUIFSTUIFZEPOPU"UUIFUJNF*4$0XBTBEPQUFEUIJTTJUVBUJPOXBTSFTPMWFECZBTTJHOJOHUIFTFPDDVQBUJPOTUPQBSBMMFMNJOPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQTBOE5IFTFPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQTXFSFUPCFVTFEBMUFSOBUJWFMZUIBUJTDPVOUSJFTXFSFUPDMBTTJGZBMMUFBDIFSTBOEBMMOVSTFTFJUIFSJO.BKPS(SPVQPSJO.BKPS(SPVQFYDFQUJODBTFTXIFSFUIFSFXFSFSFBMEJFSFODFTXJUIJOUIFDPVOUSZJOUIFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTQFSGPSNFE(JWFOUIBU*4$0EFTDSJQUJPOTGPSUFBDIFSTBOEOVSTFTXFSFJEFOUJDBMin both major groups, it is understandable that a number of countries made the distinction CFUXFFOQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMXPSLFSTPOUIFCBTJTPGUIFFEVDBUJPOBMMFWFMPGUIFKPCIPMEFSPSPGUIFUZQJDBMFEVDBUJPOBMSFRVJSFNFOUTJOUIFDPVOUSZBOEOPUPOUIFbasis of the tasks and duties actually performed.

'PS*4$0UIJTQSPCMFNJTBEESFTTFECZHJWJOHKPCDPOUFOUJFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTQSJ-PSJUZPWFSOBUJPOBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUT*OPUIFSXPSETPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUJOWPMWFUIFQFSGPSNBODFPGCSPBEMZUIFTBNFTFUTPGUBTLTBOEEVUJFTBSFBMXBZTDMBTTJmFEJOUIFTBNFDBUFHPSZJO*4$0FWFOJODBTFTXIFSFOBUJPOBMTLJMMMFWFMSFRVJSFNFOUTNFBTVSFEJOUFSNTPGGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBSFEJFSFOU*UJTIPQFEUIBUUIJTXJMMMFBEUPBOJNQSPWFNFOUin international comparability.

"TFUPGQSJODJQMFTBOEHVJEFMJOFTXBTEFWFMPQFEUPIFMQEFDJEFXIBUTLJMMMFWFMTIPVMECFBTTJHOFEUPPDDVQBUJPOTXIFOFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTEJFSBNPOHDPVOUSJFT

4 *UNBZCFBTTVNFEOFWFSUIFMFTTUIBUNPSFIJHIMZRVBMJmFEPSFYQFSJFODFEJOEJWJEVBMTNJHIUQFSGPSNUIFTBNFUBTLTXJUIBIJHIFSMFWFMPGDPNQFUFODFUIBOUIPTFXIPBSFMFTTRVBMJmFE


5IFTFQSJODJQMFTBSFPVUMJOFECFMPXBOEXFSFBQQMJFEin order of precedence in helping to de-UFSNJOFXIFSFJOUIF*4$0TUSVDUVSFDFSUBJOPDDVQBUJPOTBSFDMBTTJmFEB5IFDPNQMFYJUZBOESBOHFPGUIFUBTLTBOEEVUJFTJOWPMWFEJOUIFPDDVQBUJPOXBTDPO-TJEFSFEJOSFMBUJPOUPUIFEFmOJUJPOTGPSFBDITLJMMMFWFMXJUIQBSUJDVMBSSFGFSFODFUPUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDUBTLTBOEEVUJFTBTTPDJBUFEXJUIFBDITLJMMMFWFM

C8IFSFUIFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUTXFSFEJFSFOUJOPOMZBTNBMMOVNCFSPGDPVO-USJFTUIFTLJMMMFWFMXBTEFUFSNJOFEPOUIFCBTJTPGUIFSFRVJSFNFOUTUIBUBQQMJFEJOBMBSHFmajority of countries.

D8IFSFDPOTJEFSBUJPOPGBBOECBCPWFXBTJODPODMVTJWFJOEJTUJOHVJTIJOHCFUXFFO4LJMM-FWFMTBOEPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUSFRVJSFEJOTPNFDPVOUSJFTDPNQMFUJPOPGUIFmSTUTUBHFPGTFDPOEBSZFEVDBUJPO*4$&%-FWFMBOEJOPUIFSDPVOUSJFTDPNQMFUJPOPGQSJNBSZFEVDBUJPOPOMZ*4$&%-FWFMXFSFDMBTTJmFEBU4LJMM-FWFM5IJTBQQSPBDIXBTUBLFObecause, in many highly industrialized countries, completion of the rst stage of secondary FEVDBUJPOJTNPSFPSMFTTVOJWFSTBM*OTVDIDJSDVNTUBODFTUIPTFXIPIBWFOPUDPNQMFUFEUIFmSTUTUBHFPGTFDPOEBSZFEVDBUJPONBZOPUCFBCMFUPmOEFNQMPZNFOUJOFWFOUIFNPTUunskilled of jobs.

E8IFSFDPOTJEFSBUJPOPGB

CBOEDBCPWFXBTJODPODMVTJWFUIFTJUVBUJPOUIBUQSFWBJMFEJOJOEVTUSJBMJ[FEDPVOUSJFTXBTHFOFSBMMZVTFEUPEFUFSNJOFUIFTLJMMMFWFMPGBOPDDVQBUJPObut only where there was a consistent approach across a clear majority of these countries. 'PSFYBNQMFJGBEFHSFFXBTSFRVJSFEGPSFOUSZUPBOPDDVQBUJPOGPSMFTTUIBOIBMGPGUIFDPVOUSJFTUIBUBSFNFNCFSTPGUIF0SHBOJTBUJPOGPS&DPOPNJD$PPQFSBUJPOBOE%FWFMPQ-NFOU0&$%

CVUBUXPZFBSEJQMPNBXBTSFRVJSFEJONPTUPUIFSDPVOUSJFTUIFOJUNBZIBWFCFFOBQQSPQSJBUFUPBTTJHOUIFPDDVQBUJPOUP4LJMM-FWFM5IFTJ[FPGDPVOUSJFTBTwell as the number of countries was also taken into consideration in making judgements PGUIJTUZQF5IFSFBTPOGPSBEPQUJOHUIJTBQQSPBDIXBTUIBUUIFQSFWBJMJOHTJUVBUJPOJOJOEVTUSJBMJ[FEDPVOUSJFTXBTDPOTJEFSFEMJLFMZUPFWFOUVBMMZCFDPNFUIFOPSNJOPUIFSDPVOUSJFT.PSFPWFSUIFIJHIFSMFWFMPGRVBMJmDBUJPOXBTMJLFMZUPCFBSFRVJSFNFOUGPSmany occupational migration purposes.

*5 =

*4$0JTEFTJHOFETPUIBUPDDVQBUJPOTBSFBSSBOHFEJOUPPOFPGVOJUHSPVQTBUUIFNPTUEFUBJMFEMFWFMPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOIJFSBSDIZ*UJTJOUFOEFEUIBUBMMKPCTJOUIFXPSMEDBObe assigned to one (and only one) of these unit groups. In general, each unit group is made VQPGTFWFSBMiPDDVQBUJPOTwUIBUIBWFBIJHIEFHSFFPGTJNJMBSJUZJOUFSNTPGTLJMMMFWFMBOEskill specialization. Unit groups are in turn arranged into minor groups, minor groups into TVCNBKPSHSPVQTBOETVCNBKPSHSPVQTJOUPNBKPSHSPVQTCBTFEPOUIFDPODFQUPGTLJMMMFWFMBOEPOTVDDFTTJWFMZCSPBEFSBQQMJDBUJPOTPGUIFDPODFQUPGTLJMMTQFDJBMJ[BUJPO

"MMCVUUXPPGUIF*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTDPOUBJOPDDVQBUJPOTBUPOMZPOFPGUIFGPVS*4$0TLJMMMFWFMT"MMPGUIFTVCNBKPSHSPVQTDPOUBJOPDDVQBUJPOTBUPOMZPOFTLJMMMFWFM5IJTNFBOTUIBUEBUBDMBTTJmFEBUTVCNBKPSNJOPSPSVOJUHSPVQMFWFMPG*4$0DBOCFBHHSFHBUFECZTLJMMMFWFMPOMZJGEFTJSFE5IJTJTBDIJFWFECZDSFBUJOHUISFFTVCNBKPSHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ"SNFE'PSDFT0DDVQBUJPOTGPSDPNNJTTJPOFEPDFSTOPODPNNJTTJPOFEPDFSTBOEiPUIFSSBOLTwBOECZBSSBOHJOHPDDVQBUJPOTJO.BKPS(SPVQ.BOBHFSTTPUIBUBMMPDDVQBUJPOTOPUBU4LJMM-FWFMBSFJOBTJOHMFTVCNBKPSHSPVQBU4LJMM-FWFM5IJTJTBEFQBSUVSFGSPN*4$0JOXIJDIPDDVQBUJPOTJO.BKPS(SPVQ-FHJTMBUPST4FOJPS0DJBMTBOE.BOBHFSTBOE.BKPS(SPVQ"SNFE'PSDFTXFSFOPUBTTJHOFEBTLJMMMFWFM

-PPLJOHBUUIFIJFSBSDIJDBMTUSVDUVSFPG*4$0GSPNUIFUPQEPXOFBDIPGUIFUFONBKPSgroups is made up of two or more sub-major groups, which in turn are made up of one or more NJOPSHSPVQT&BDIPGUIFNJOPSHSPVQTJTNBEFVQPGPOFPSNPSFVOJUHSPVQT&BDImajor group is denoted by a 1-digit code. Each sub-major group is denoted by a 2-digit code, comprising the major group code plus one digit. In the same way, minor groups are denoted CZEJHJUDPEFTBOEVOJUHSPVQTCZEJHJUDPEFTDPNQSJTJOHUIFIJHIFSMFWFMDPEFQMVTPOFEJHJUJOFBDIDBTF5IJTDPOWFOUJPOJTJMMVTUSBUFECZUIFGPMMPXJOHFYBNQMF


!" 5 )?2$=!" 5( )?2Minor Group 511 Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides

Unit Groups 5111 Travel Attendants and Travel Stewards 5112 Transport Conductors 5113 Travel Guides

0UIFSDPEFDPOWFOUJPOTVTFEJO*4$0IBWFBMTPCFFOBEPQUFEJO*4$0*OQBS-ticular, where a minor group contains only one unit group the last digit in the unit group DPEFJTiw8IFSFBVOJUHSPVQJTBSFTJEVBMHSPVQJUIBTUIFTBNFOBNFBTUIFNJOPSHSPVQGPMMPXFECZUIFXPSETiOPUFMTFXIFSFDMBTTJmFEwBOEJUTmOBMEJHJUJT

*UJTJNQPSUBOUUPOPUFUIBUXIJMFTPNF*4$0DBUFHPSJFTIBWFOPUCFFODIBOHFEUIFDPEFGPSBQBSUJDVMBSDBUFHPSZNBZPSNBZOPUIBWFDIBOHFECFDBVTFPGTUSVDUVSBMDIBOHFTBSPVOEJU4JNJMBSMZUIFTBNFDPEFNBZSFGFSUPRVJUFEJFSFOUDBUFHPSJFT JO*4$0BOE*4$0"MMDPOWFSTJPOPSDPNQBSJTPOPGEBUBCFUXFFOUIFUXPDMBTTJmDBUJPOWFSTJPOTTIPVMEUIFSFGPSFCFVOEFSUBLFOCZSFGFSSJOHUPUIFDPSSFTQPOEFODFUBCMFTQSPWJEFEJO1BSU*7

*6 @=)'

*OBEEJUJPOUPUIFNBJODMBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSFBTFUPGTUBOEBSEiUIFNBUJDHSPVQJOHTwPSiWJFXTwPG*4$0JTCFJOHEFWFMPQFEGPSDFSUBJOHSPVQTPGPDDVQBUJPOTXIFSFUIFSFJTBneed for a standardized approach towards the aggregation of occupational data according to a QBSUJDVMBSUIFNF5IFTFPDDVQBUJPOTBSFOPUHSPVQFEUPHFUIFSJOUIF*4$0NBJOTUSVDUVSFCFDBVTFTLJMMMFWFMUBLFTQSFDFEFODF5IFNBUJDWJFXTBSFUIVTBTUBOEBSEBMUFSOBUJWFXBZPGBHHSFHBUJOHPDDVQBUJPOBMEBUBDMBTTJmFEBUUIFEJHJUMFWFMPG*4$0BDDPSEJOHUPBTQFDUTPGTLJMMTQFDJBMJ[BUJPOQSJNBSJMZUIFHPPETBOETFSWJDFTQSPEVDFE5IFZBSFJOUFOEFEUPQSP-WJEFHVJEBODFGPSDMBTTJGZJOHPDDVQBUJPOTBDDPSEJOHUPUIFTFUIFNFTJOPSEFSUPGBDJMJUBUFUIFcompilation of internationally comparable statistics.

5IFUIFNBUJDWJFXTBSFOPUJOUFOEFEUPCFNVUVBMMZFYDMVTJWFPSKPJOUMZFYIBVTUJWF4PNFVOJUHSPVQTNBZUIFSFGPSFCFMJTUFEJONPSFUIBOPOFUIFNBUJDWJFXBOETPNFVOJUHSPVQTNBZOPUCFJODMVEFEJOBOZUIFNBUJDWJFX

5IFNBUJDWJFXTPODFmOBMJ[FEXJMMCFSFMFBTFEFMFDUSPOJDBMMZPOUIF*4$0XFCTJUF*UJTQSPQPTFEUPEFWFMPQUIFNBUJDWJFXTPGPDDVQBUJPOTJOUIFBSFBTMJTUFECFMPX5IFOFFEGPSUIFTFQBSUJDVMBSHSPVQJOHTIBTCFFOUBLFOJOUPBDDPVOUJOUIFEFTJHOPGUIF*4$0TUSVDUVSF4IPVMEUIFOFFEGPSGVSUIFSUIFNBUJDWJFXTBSJTFUIFTFXJMMCFQSPWJEFEBTSFRVJSFE

"HSJDVMUVSF Construction Education Health Information and communication technology 5PVSJTN

*7 3

5IFNBJOQVSQPTFPGUIFEFmOJUJPOTPGUIFHSPVQTJO*4$0JTUPDPODJTFMZEFmOFUIFcontent of each group, so that countries can determine as consistently as possible where in the ISCO structure a particular occupational group should be classied. It is hoped that this will QSPNPUFUIFBDDVSBDZBOEJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNQBSBCJMJUZPGEBUBJOTUBUJTUJDBMBOEBENJOJTUSBUJWFBQQMJDBUJPOT"TVQQMFNFOUBSZQVSQPTFJTUPQSPWJEFHFOFSBMEFTDSJQUJWFJOGPSNBUJPOBCPVUUIFOBUVSFPGUIFXPSLQFSGPSNFEJOUIFHSPVQPGPDDVQBUJPOTDPODFSOFE5IFSFXBTOPJOUFOUJPO


UPDSFBUFBOPDDVQBUJPOBMiEJDUJPOBSZwXJUIEFUBJMFETQFDJmDBUJPOTPGXPSLUPCFQFSGPSNFEin particular occupations.

5PUIFFYUFOUQPTTJCMFEFmOJUJPOTPG*4$0HSPVQTBSFJOUFOEFEUPCFBCMFUPTUBOEalone. In other words, the essence of a group should be able to be understood without making reference to the denitions of other categories.

5IFPWFSBMMTUSVDUVSFPGUIFEFmOJUJPOTJTUIFTBNFBTUIBUVTFEJO*4$0FYDFQUUIBUthe use of both notes and footnotes as addenda to denitions has been replaced by an optional mFMEGPSFBDIEFmOJUJPODBMMFEi/PUFTwTFFQBSBCFMPX

"MMEFmOJUJPOTUIFSFGPSFCFHJOXJUIBMFBETUBUFNFOUXIJDIJTGPMMPXFECZBTUBUFNFOUPGUBTLTQFSGPSNFEBOEBMJTUPGJODMVTJPOTBOEXIFSFOFDFTTBSZFYDMVTJPOTBOEOPUFT"TJNJMBSBQQSPBDIJTBEPQUFEGPSHSPVQTBUBMMMFWFMTPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOBMUIPVHIUIFSFBSFTPNFEJG-GFSFODFTJOGPSNBUBOEXPSEJOHDPOWFOUJPOT

5IF MFBETUBUFNFOUTVNNBSJ[FT UIFTDPQFBOECBTJDOBUVSFPG UIFHSPVQBOEVTVBMMZcomprises one or two sentences. In general, the most important or key aspect of the work performed, that distinguishes the group concerned from other groups, is mentioned rst. In some cases a sentence is added that refers only to some of the occupations classied in the group. It is not necessary for all jobs classied in a group to perform all kinds of work identi-ed in the lead statement.

91. Statements of tasks performed indicate the main tasks typically, or usually, performed in PDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEJOUIFHSPVQ5IFTUBUFNFOUEPFTOPUHFOFSBMMZJODMVEFBMMUBTLTQFS-formed in all jobs classied in the group, but may include some tasks that are important in POMZTPNFPGUIFKPCTDMBTTJmFEUIFSF*OHFOFSBMMJTUTPGUBTLTDPOUBJOCFUXFFOmWFBOEUFOJUFNTCVUUIFSFBSFTPNFDBTFTXIFSFNPSFPSGFXFSJUFNTBSFSFRVJSFE

5BTLTUIBUBSFVOJRVFUPBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOXJUIJOBHSPVQBSFJODMVEFEBTTFQBSBUFitems only if they are a particularly important component of the occupation concerned, and cannot be incorporated in a more general statement that also applies to other occupations. 'PSFYBNQMFUIFEFmOJUJPOPG6OJU(SPVQ&OWJSPONFOUBMBOE0DDVQBUJPOBM)FBMUIBOEHygiene Professionals includes the following tasks that are specic to occupational health BOETBGFUZBEWJTFSTCFDBVTFUIFTFBSFQBSUJDVMBSMZJNQPSUBOUFMFNFOUTPGUIFXPSLPGUIBUPDDVQBUJPOB SFDPSEJOHBOEJOWFTUJHBUJOHJOKVSJFTBOEFRVJQNFOUEBNBHFBOESFQPSUJOHTBGFUZQFSGPS-NBODF

(b) coordinating arrangements for the compensation, rehabilitation and return to work of injured workers.

8IFOBTVCNBKPSPSNJOPSHSPVQDPOUBJOTPOMZPOFHSPVQBUUIFOFYUMFWFMEPXOJOUIFIJFSBSDIZUIFTVCTUBOUJWFDPOUFOUPGUIFMFBETUBUFNFOUBOEUBTLTUBUFNFOUJTJEFOUJDBMGPSboth groups.

'PSNBKPSTVCNBKPSBOENJOPSHSPVQTUIFMJTUPGUBTLTQFSGPSNFEJTGPMMPXFECZBMJTUPGUIFHSPVQTJODMVEFEBUUIFOFYUMFWFMEPXOJOUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOIJFSBSDIZ'PSVOJUHSPVQTUIFMJTUPGUBTLTJTGPMMPXFECZBMJTUPGiFYBNQMFTPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEIFSFw5IFTFMJTUTBJNUPHJWFBOJOEJDBUJPOPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOTBOEKPCUJUMFTJODMVEFEJOUIFHSPVQ5IFZEPOPUEFmOFBmGUIIJFSBSDIJDBMMFWFMPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPO5IFPDDVQBUJPOTMJTUFEBSFOPUFYIBVTUJWFand in some cases are simply commonly occurring occupational titles, which may in reality SFGFSUPUIFTBNFPSWFSZTJNJMBSPDDVQBUJPOT.PSFDPNQSFIFOTJWFJOGPSNBUJPOBCPVUUIFEF-UBJMFEDPOUFOUPGFBDIVOJUHSPVQJTQSPWJEFEJOUIFIndex of occupational titles, sorted in code PSEFS5IFQVSQPTFPGUIFMJTUPGJODMVEFEPDDVQBUJPOTJTJOGPSNBUJWFSBUIFSUIBOQSFTDSJQUJWFand it should be borne in mind that the usage of occupational titles in some countries may EJFSGSPNUIFVTBHFJNQMJFEJO*4$0

"OPQUJPOBMMJTUPGiSFMBUFEPDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEFMTFXIFSFwJTJODMVEFEXIFSFUIFSFJTBpotential for confusion between occupations with similar titles or work content.


4PNFEFmOJUJPOTPGHSPVQTDPOUBJOBEEJUJPOBMi/PUFTw5IFOPUFTBSFVTFEQSJNBSJMZUPclarify the boundaries between related groups where this may not be entirely clear based on UIFEFTDSJQUJWFNBUFSJBMXIFSFUIFSFJTQPUFOUJBMGPSDPOGVTJPOPSJGUIFSFJTBOFFEGPSBDPN-NFOUBCPVUBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQ*OHFOFSBMTJNJMBSPSJEFOUJDBMUFYUBQQFBSTJOthe notes added to all of the groups mentioned in a particular note, so that the denition of each group may stand alone.


3. MAJOR CHANGES BETWEEN ISCO-88 AND ISCO-08

+( ==;3=

"MUIPVHIUIFDPODFQUVBMNPEFMVTFEUPHVJEFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPG*4$0IBTOPUCFFOGVOEBNFOUBMMZDIBOHFEGSPNUIBUVTFEJO*4$0UIFSFBSFTJHOJmDBOUEJFSFODFTJOUIFUSFBUNFOUPGTPNFPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQT5IFTFEJFSFODFTSFnFDUUIFOFFEUPBEESFTTDPODFSOTBCPVUTQFDJmDEJDVMUJFTFYQFSJFODFEJOUIFVTFPG*4$0BTXFMMBTUIFOFFEUPSFnFDUPD-DVQBUJPOBMDIBOHFJOUIFZFBSQFSJPETJODFJUTEFWFMPQNFOU

5IFPWFSBMMTZTUFNPGNBKPSHSPVQTTVCNBKPSHSPVQTNJOPSHSPVQTBOEVOJUHSPVQTVTFEJO*4$0IBTCFFOSFUBJOFEJO*4$05IFUFONBKPSHSPVQTBUUIFUPQMFWFMPGUIF*4$0TUSVDUVSFDBOTUJMMCFGPVOEJO*4$05IFOBNFTPGTPNFPGUIFNBKPSHSPVQTIBWFCFFODIBOHFETMJHIUMZTPBTUPNPSFDMFBSMZJOEJDBUFUIFJSDPOUFOUBOETPNFPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQTIBWFCFFONPWFEGSPNPOFNBKPSHSPVQUPBOPUIFS"TBSFTVMUDPOWFSTJPOPGEBUBEJSFDUMZGSPN*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTUP*4$0NBKPSHSPVQTJTOPUQPTTJCMF

"OVNCFSPGDPNQMFUFMZOFXTVCNBKPSHSPVQTNJOPSHSPVQTBOEVOJUHSPVQTIBWFCFFOJOUSPEVDFEUP*4$0BOETFWFSBM*4$0HSPVQTBUUIFTFMFWFMTIBWFCFFONFSHFEXJUIPUIFSHSPVQTPSTQMJUJOUPTFWFSBMHSPVQT

5IFTFDIBOHFTJNQMZBCSFBLJOTFSJFTCFUXFFOTUBUJTUJDTCBTFEPO*4$0BOE*4$0BUBMM MFWFMT JOUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOIJFSBSDIZBMUIPVHIUIFSF JTBPOFUPPOFDPSSFTQPOEFODFCFUXFFOTPNFTQFDJmDHSPVQTCFMPXUIFNBKPSHSPVQMFWFM'VMMUBCMFTTIPXJOHBMMDPSSFTQPOE-FODFTBUVOJUHSPVQMFWFMCFUXFFO*4$0BOE*4$0BSFQSPWJEFEJO1BSU*75IFUBCMFTBSFQSFTFOUFEJOCPUI*4$0BOE*4$0PSEFS

.BOZPGUIFDIBOHFTBEESFTTDPODFSOTUIBU*4$0XBTTFSJPVTMZPVUPGEBUFJOTPNFBSFBTNPTUOPUBCMZBTBSFTVMUPGUIFJNQBDUPGEFWFMPQNFOUTJOUFDIOPMPHZPOQSPGFTTJPOBMtechnical and clerical work associated with the use of computers and telecommunications. 4PNFDBUFHPSJFTJO*4$0IBWFUIFSFGPSFCFFONFSHFETQMJUPSNPWFEUPSFnFDUPDDVQBUJPOBMBOEUFDIOPMPHJDBMDIBOHFJOUIFMBCPVSNBSLFU/FXDBUFHPSJFTIBWFCFFODSFBUFEUPBMMPXGPSUIFJEFOUJmDBUJPOPGOFXPSFNFSHJOHPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQT5PBTTJTUUJNFTFSJFTBOBMZTJT*4$0VOJUHSPVQTIBWFOPUCFFOTQMJUBOEKPJOFEUPQBSUTPGPUIFS*4$0VOJUHSPVQTFYDFQUXIFSFUIJTXBTVOBWPJEBCMF

102. In addition, there are some changes in the way the ISCO conceptual model is applied UPUIFEFTJHOPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPO.PTUOPUBCMZUIFOBUVSFPGUIFXPSLQFSGPSNFEIBTCFFOHJWFONPSFFNQIBTJTUIBOGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTJOEFUFSNJOJOHUIFTLJMMMFWFMPGBOPDDVQBUJPO

0UIFSDIBOHFTJOUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSFSFTQPOEUPDPODFSOTUIBU*4$0XBTFYDFT-TJWFMZEFUBJMFEJOTPNFBSFBTBOEJOBEFRVBUFMZEFUBJMFEJOPUIFSTBOEUIBUUIFSFXBTBXJEFWBSJBUJPOJOUIFTJ[FPGTPNFTVCNBKPSBOENJOPSHSPVQT8IFSFWFSQPTTJCMFFPSUTIBWFCFFONBEFUPFOTVSFUIBUUIFMFWFMPGEFUBJMQSPWJEFEJO*4$0JTBQQSPQSJBUFBOEVTFGVMDPOTJEFSJOHits main purposes. It is intended that these changes will make it easier to produce estimates from TBNQMFTVSWFZTGPS*4$0TVCNBKPSBOENJOPSHSPVQTUIBOXBTUIFDBTFXJUI*4$0(JWFOUIFOBUVSFPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOBMEJTUSJCVUJPOPGUIFMBCPVSNBSLFUBUUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMFWFMBOEUIFWBSJFUZPGVTFTPG*4$0UIFTFDPODFSOTBCPVUUIFTJ[FPGHSPVQTBOEBCPVUEJFSJOHMFWFMTPGEFUBJMJOEJFSFOUQBSUTPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOXFSFJNQPSUBOUCVUOPUPWFSSJEJOHDPOTJEFSBUJPOT

*OTPNFDBTFTUIFSFXFSFDPODFSOTUIBUJUXBTOPUGFBTJCMFUPNBLFEJTUJODUJPOTCFUXFFODFSUBJODBUFHPSJFTJO*4$0POBDPOTJTUFOUCBTJTJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZFTQFDJBMMZDPOTJEFSJOHUIFLJOEPGEBUBUIBUJUJTQPTTJCMFUPDPMMFDUJOBDFOTVTPSJOTVSWFZT*OTVDIDBTFTGPSFYBNQMFUIFUSFBUNFOUPGNBOBHFSJBMPDDVQBUJPOTJOBHSJDVMUVSFBEKVTUNFOUTIBWFCFFONBEFJO*4$0UPJNQSPWFCPUIDPOTJTUFODZPGSFQPSUJOHBOEJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNQBSBCJMJUZ

4PNFPGUIFNPSFTJHOJmDBOUDIBOHFTBSFTVNNBSJ[FECFMPX 5IFTFDUJPOTPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOEFBMJOHXJUINBOBHFSJBMPDDVQBUJPOTIBWFCFFOSFPS-HBOJ[FETPBTUPPWFSDPNFQSPCMFNTFYQFSJFODFECZVTFSTPG*4$0

4PNFBEEJUJPOBMVOJUHSPVQTBOEPOFOFXNJOPSHSPVQIBWFCFFODSFBUFEGPSTFMFDUFETVQFSWJTPSZPDDVQBUJPOTCVUPOMZJOBSFBTXIFSFTVQFSWJTPSTDPNNPOMZQFSGPSNTJH-OJmDBOUMZEJFSFOUUBTLTGSPNUIFXPSLFSTUIFZTVQFSWJTF


0DDVQBUJPOTBTTPDJBUFEXJUIJOGPSNBUJPOBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOUFDIOPMPHZIBWFCFFOVQEBUFEBOEFYQBOEFEBMMPXJOHGPSUIF JEFOUJmDBUJPOPGQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFprofessional occupations in this eld as sub-major groups.

*4$0JODMVEFEQBSBMMFMHSPVQTBQQFBSJOHJOEJFSFOUNBKPSHSPVQTUPDBUFSGPSDBTFTXIFSFUIFFEVDBUJPOBOEUSBJOJOHSFRVJSFNFOUTGPSBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQEJG-GFSFECFUXFFODPVOUSJFTCFDBVTFPGEJFSFODFTJOSFTQPOTJCJMJUJFTBOEEFHSFFPGTVQFSWJ-TJPO1BSBMMFMHSPVQTEPOPUBQQFBSJO*4$0XIFOUIFUBTLTQFSGPSNFEBSFFTTFOUJBMMZthe same.

0DDVQBUJPOT DPODFSOFEXJUI UIFQSPWJTJPOPGIFBMUI TFSWJDFTIBWFCFFOFYQBOEFEJOPSEFSUPQSPWJEFTVDJFOUEFUBJMUPBMMPX*4$0UPCFVTFEBTUIFCBTJTGPSUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMSFQPSUJOHPGEBUBPOUIFIFBMUIXPSLGPSDF5IFTFPDDVQBUJPOTIBWFCFFOHSPVQFE UPHFUIFSXIFSFQPTTJCMF UPQSPWJEF UXPTVCNBKPSHSPVQTBOEBTFQBSBUFNJOPSHSPVQEFWPUFEUPPDDVQBUJPOTJOIFBMUITFSWJDFT

5IFTFDUJPOPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOEFBMJOHXJUIPDFDMFSLTIBTCFFOSFPSHBOJ[FEUPSFnFDUUIFJODSFBTJOHJNQBDUPGJOGPSNBUJPOBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTUFDIOPMPHZBOEUPQSPWJEFmore meaningful detail for occupations in which large numbers of women are employed.

5IFBHHSFHBUFHSPVQTGPSTBMFTBOETFSWJDFXPSLFSTIBTCFFOSFPSHBOJ[FEJODMVEJOHUIFQSPWJTJPOPGOFXTVCNBKPSHSPVQTGPSQFSTPOBMTFSWJDFTXPSLFSTQFSTPOBMDBSFXPSLFSTBOEQSPUFDUJWFTFSWJDFTXPSLFST

.PSFEFUBJMFEDBUFHPSJFTBOEHSFBUFSDMBSJUZBSFQSPWJEFEGPSTPNFPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQTJOWPMWFEJOBHSJDVMUVSF

.PSFEFUBJMFEDBUFHPSJFTBSFQSPWJEFEGPSPDDVQBUJPOTJOWPMWFEJOUIFQSPWJTJPOPGJO-GPSNBUJPOBOETFSWJDFTUPDMJFOUTJODMVEJOHUIPTFSFMBUFEUPUPVSJTN

5IFHSPVQTGPSQMBOUBOENBDIJOFPQFSBUPSTIBWFCFFOSFTUSVDUVSFEBOESFPSHBOJ[FEJOSFTQPOTFUPDPODFSOTUIBUUIJTQBSUPG*4$0XBTFYDFTTJWFMZEFUBJMFEBOEPVUPGEBUFin some areas.

5IFDPWFSBHFBOEWJTJCJMJUZPGPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUBSFTJHOJmDBOUJOJOGPSNBMFNQMPZNFOU5 IBWFCFFO JNQSPWFE MFBEJOHUPBOBTTPDJBUFE JODSFBTF JO UIFOVNCFSPGTVCNBKPSHSPVQTJO*4$0.BKPS(SPVQ&MFNFOUBSZ0DDVQBUJPOTDPNQBSFEUP*4$0

5IFSFTVMUPGUIFTFDIBOHFTJTBNPEFTUJODSFBTFJOEFUBJMBUFBDIMFWFMPGUIFDMBTTJmDB-UJPOFYDFQUBUUIFUPQMFWFM5IFTFDIBOHFTBSFOPUEJTUSJCVUFEFWFOMZBDSPTTUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOTUSVDUVSFIPXFWFS5BCMFTIPXTUIBUUIFOVNCFSPGVOJUHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ1SPGFT-TJPOBMTBOE.BKPS(SPVQ4FSWJDFTBOE4BMFT8PSLFSTIBTJODSFBTFETJHOJmDBOUMZXIFSFBTUIFOVNCFSPGVOJUHSPVQTJO.BKPS(SPVQ1MBOUBOE.BDIJOF0QFSBUPSTBOE"TTFNCMFSThas signicantly decreased.

Table 3. Numbers of groups at each level of ISCO-08

Major group Sub-major groups Minor groups Unit groups

.BOBHFST 2 Professionals 5FDIOJDJBOTBOE"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMT 20 (21) $MFSJDBM4VQQPSU8PSLFST 4FSWJDFTBOE4BMFT8PSLFST 4LJMMFE"HSJDVMUVSBM'PSFTUSZBOE'JTIFSZ8PSLFST $SBGUBOE3FMBUFE5SBEFT8PSLFST 1MBOUBOE.BDIJOF0QFSBUPSTBOE"TTFNCMFST ( 9 Elementary Occupations 11 (10) "SNFE'PSDFT0DDVQBUJPOT Total ISCO-08 (ISCO-88) 43 (28) 130 (116) 436 (390)

/PUF/VNCFSTGPS*4$0BSFTIPXOJOCSBDLFUTXIFSFEJGGFSFOU

5 For information on the denition of informal employment see Guidelines concerning the statistical denition of informal employment BEPQUFECZUIF4FWFOUFFOUI*$-4JOJO*-0


+* 3);

!"#"

.BOBHFSJBMPDDVQBUJPOTDMBTTJmFEJO.BKPS(SPVQXFSFSFPSHBOJ[FEUPPWFSDPNFQSPC-MFNTXJUIUIFEJTUJODUJPOCFUXFFOiDPSQPSBUFwNBOBHFSTBOEiHFOFSBMwNBOBHFSTFYQFSJFODFECZVTFSTPG*4$05IFTFDIBOHFTBEESFTTQSPCMFNTDBVTFECZUIFVTFJO*4$0PGDBU-FHPSJFTCBTFEPODMBTTJmDBUJPOTPGJOEVTUSJBMBDUJWJUJFTBTXFMMBTBOVNCFSPGPUIFSUFDIOJDBMand practical concerns.

*O*4$0NBOBHFSJBMPDDVQBUJPOTBSFPSHBOJ[FEBMPOHGVODUJPOBMSBUIFSUIBOJOEVT-USJBMMJOFT5IJTNFBOTUIBUNBOBHFSTXJUITQFDJBMJTUGVODUJPOTTVDIBTIVNBOSFTPVSDFTPSNBOVGBDUVSJOHQSPEVDUJPOBSF JEFOUJmBCMF JSSFTQFDUJWFPGUIF JOEVTUSZUIFZXPSLJOPSPGwhether they manage a department in a large enterprise or manage a small enterprise whose CVTJOFTTJTUPQSPWJEFUIBUGVODUJPO

*4$0.JOPS(SPVQ%JSFDUPSTBOE$IJFG&YFDVUJWFTBQQFBSTJO*4$0BT.JOPS(SPVQ.BOBHJOH%JSFDUPSTBOE$IJFG&YFDVUJWFT*UXBTHSPVQFEXJUI*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ-FHJTMBUPSTBOE4FOJPS0DJBMTUPGPSN*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ$IJFG&YFDVUJWFT4FOJPS0DJBMTBOE-FHJTMBUPST"MMKPCTUIBUSFRVJSFMFBEFSTIJQBOENBOBHFNFOUPGMBSHFBOEDPNQMFYPSHBOJ[BUJPOTUIBUUZQJDBMMZIBWFBIJFSBSDIZPGNBOBHFSTBSFUIVTDMBT-sied in a single sub-major group, with more detailed breakdowns at minor and unit group MFWFMT

5IFSFNBJOEFSPG*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ$PSQPSBUF.BOBHFSTBOE4VCNBKPS(SPVQ(FOFSBM.BOBHFSTBSFSFQMBDFECZUISFFOFXTVCNBKPSHSPVQTSFTVMUJOHJOUIFGPMMPXJOHTVCNBKPSHSPVQTUSVDUVSFGPS*4$0.BKPS(SPVQ.BOBHFST

(( X9)#Z3(*


UXPVOJUHSPVQTBTTIPXOCFMPX5IJTHSPVQJTSFTUSJDUFEUPUIPTFXIPNBOBHFQSPEVDUJPOJOMBSHFTDBMFFOUFSQSJTFTTVDIBTSBODIFTBOEQMBOUBUJPOTUIBUUZQJDBMMZIBWFBIJFSBSDIZPGmanagers.

131 Production Managers in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1311 Agricultural and Forestry Production Managers 1312 Aquaculture and Fisheries Production Managers

*4$06OJU(SPVQ(FOFSBM.BOBHFSTJO"HSJDVMUVSF)VOUJOH'PSFTUSZBOE'JTIJOHIBTCFFOSFNPWFEGSPN.BKPS(SPVQ5IFPDDVQBUJPOTJODMVEFEXJUIJOUIJTDBU-FHPSZXFSFNPWFEUP*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ.BSLFUPSJFOUFE4LJMMFE"HSJDVMUVSBM8PSLFSTPSUP4VCNBKPS(SPVQ.BSLFUPSJFOUFE4LJMMFE'PSFTUSZ'JTIFSZBOE)VOUJOH8PSLFST5IFZXFSFNFSHFEXJUIUIFSFMFWBOUHSPVQTPGTLJMMFEBHSJDVMUVSBMIVOUJOHGPSFTUSZPSmTIFSZXPSLFST5IFSFBTPOGPSUIJTDIBOHFJTUIBUUIFEJTUJODUJPOJO*4$0CFUXFFOUIJTHSPVQBOEGBSNFSTUIBUEPOPUIBWFBTJHOJmDBOUNBOBHFNFOUGVODUJPOJTOPUGFBTJCMFJOBOVNCFSPGDPVOUSJFT5IJTMFEUPTJHOJmDBOUJODPOTJTUFODJFTJOUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMSFQPSUJOHof data.

+PCTJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQ)PTQJUBMJUZ3FUBJMBOE0UIFS4FSWJDFT.BOBHFSTHFOFSBMMZBMUIPVHIOPUFYDMVTJWFMZJOWPMWFNBOBHFNFOUPGSFMBUJWFMZTNBMMPSHBOJ[BUJPOTUIBUEPOPUIBWFBIJFSBSDIZPGNBOBHFST5IFZEPOPUOPSNBMMZSFRVJSFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOBMRVBMJmDBUJPOTBUQSPGFTTJPOBMMFWFM*UTIPVMECFOPUFEIPXFWFSUIBUNBOBHFSTPGMBSHFSFUBJMBOEIPTQJUBMJUZestablishments, such as large supermarkets, department stores or hotels, are also classied in UIFSFMFWBOUVOJUHSPVQTJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQ"MUIPVHITPNFTVDIFTUBCMJTINFOUTNBZIBWFBIJFSBSDIZPGNBOBHFSTJUJTOFJUIFSQSBDUJDBMOPSVTFGVMUPDMBTTJGZNBOBHFSTPGWFSZMBSHFsupermarkets or hotels separately from the managers of medium-sized and small ones. Chief FYFDVUJWFPDFSTBOETQFDJBMJ[FENBOBHFSTPGIPUFMNBOBHFNFOUDPNQBOJFTSFUBJMDIBJOTBOEIPUFMDIBJOTBSFOFWFSUIFMFTTDMBTTJmFEJOUIFSFMFWBOUVOJUHSPVQJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQTPSJGUIFZBSFSFTQPOTJCMFGPSBDUJWJUJFTPGHSPVQTPGIPUFMTPSTBMFTPVUMFUT

117. It is also important to note that owner-operators and employee-operators of businesses BSFPOMZDMBTTJmFEJO.BKPS(SPVQJGNBOBHFNFOUUBTLTBSFBTJHOJmDBOUDPNQPOFOUPGUIFXPSL%FmOJUJPOBMOPUFTBSFQSPWJEFEUPNBLFJUDMFBSUIBUPQFSBUPSTPGTIPQTHVFTUIPVTFTDBGTSFTUBVSBOUTCBSTBOETJNJMBSFTUBCMJTINFOUTGPSXIPNNBOBHFNFOUBOETVQFSWJTJPOPGTUBJTOPUBTJHOJmDBOUDPNQPOFOUPGUIFXPSLBSFDMBTTJmFEFMTFXIFSFVTVBMMZJO.BKPS(SPVQ4FSWJDFTBOE4BMFT8PSLFST"MUIPVHIUIJTEJTUJODUJPOJTOPUDPODFQUVBMMZEJFSFOUGSPNUIFBQQSPBDIBEPQUFEVOEFS*4$0UIFBCTFODFPGFYQMJDJUBEWJDFBCPVUUIFUSFBUNFOUPGUIJTHSPVQNBZIBWFMFEJOTPNFOBUJPOBMBQQMJDBUJPOTPSBEBQUBUJPOTPG*4$0UPUIFJODMVTJPOPGSFMBUJWFMZMBSHFOVNCFSTPGPQFSBUPSTPGTNBMMCVTJOFTTJO*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ(FOFSBM.BOBHFST

"OFX6OJU(SPVQ4IPQLFFQFSTJTQSPWJEFEGPSUIFQBSUJDVMBSMZJNQPSUBOUHSPVQPGworkers who own and operate retail shops either independently or with support from a small number of others. Operators of guest houses, restaurants, cafs and similar establishments BSFDMBTTJmFEBDDPSEJOHUPUIFNBJOUBTLTQFSGPSNFEGPSFYBNQMFBTEPNFTUJDIPVTFLFFQFSTcooks or waiters.

$

*O*4$0TVQFSWJTPSTXFSFHFOFSBMMZDMBTTJmFEJOUIFTBNFVOJUHSPVQBTUIFXPSLFSTUIFZTVQFSWJTFE.BOZDPVOUSJFTIPXFWFSDPOTJEFSJUJNQPSUBOUUPEJTUJOHVJTITVQFSWJTPSTGSPNPUIFSXPSLFSTJODMVEJOHNBOBHFSTJOTQFDJmDTFDUPSTXIFSFTVQFSWJTPSTEPOPUNBJOMZQFSGPSNUIFTBNFUBTLTBTUIFXPSLFSTTVQFSWJTFE5PSFnFDUUIJTDPODFSOVOJUHSPVQTGPSTV-QFSWJTPSZPDDVQBUJPOTBSFJODMVEFEJO*4$0GPSTFMFDUFETVQFSWJTPSZPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQT

%VFUPUIFBEEJUJPOBMTLJMMMFWFMSFRVJSFNFOUTGPSTPNFTVQFSWJTPSZKPCTBOFX.JOPS(SPVQ.JOJOH.BOVGBDUVSJOHBOE$POTUSVDUJPO4VQFSWJTPSTXBTDSFBUFEJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQ4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMT'PS TJNJMBS SFBTPOT BVOJUHSPVQGPSPDFTVQFSWJTPSTJTJODMVEFEJO.JOPS(SPVQ"ENJOJTUSBUJWFBOE4QFDJBMJ[FESecretaries.


5IFTVQFSWJTPSZVOJUHSPVQTJO*4$0BSF 3121 Mining Supervisors 3122 Manufacturing Supervisors 3123 Construction Supervisors

and Other Establishments 5222 Shop Supervisors

"MMPUIFSTVQFSWJTPSZPDDVQBUJPOTBSFDMBTTJmFEJOUIFTBNFVOJUHSPVQBTUIFNPTUTLJMMFEXPSLFSTTVQFSWJTFE%FmOJUJPOBMNBUFSJBMJTQSPWJEFEGPSSFMFWBOUDBUFHPSJFTUPFOTVSFUIBUUIFEJTUJODUJPOTCFUXFFONBOBHFSJBMTVQFSWJTPSZBOEPUIFSPDDVQBUJPOTJO*4$0BSFBTclear as possible.

++

%&&& "$'%()*

5FDIOPMPHJDBMDIBOHFPWFSUIFZFBSQFSJPETJODF*4$0XBTEFWFMPQFENFBOUUIBU*4$0XBTQBSUJDVMBSMZPVUPGEBUFXJUISFTQFDUUPPDDVQBUJPOTJOWPMWFEJOUIFQSPWJTJPOPGHPPETBOETFSWJDFTSFMBUFEUPJOGPSNBUJPOBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTUFDIOPMPHZ*$55IFTJH-OJmDBOUVQEBUFBOEFYQBOTJPOPGDBUFHPSJFTGPSUIFTFPDDVQBUJPOTBMMPXTUIFJEFOUJmDBUJPOJO*4$0PGQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOTJO*$5BTTVCNBKPSHSPVQTBUUIFTFDPOEMFWFMPGUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOBTTIPXOCFMPX

*5 ===@3;

251 Software and Applications Developers and Analysts 2511 Systems Analysts 2512 Software Developers 2513 Web and Multimedia Developers 2514 Applications Programmers !"

#"$%&!'

252 Database and Network Professionals 2521 Database Designers and Administrators 2522 Systems Administrators 2523 Computer Network Professionals #(%!)%&!'

+5 ===@

351 Information and Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technicians 3511 Information and Communications Technology Operations Technicians 3512 Information and Communications Technology User Support Technicians 3513 Computer Network and Systems Technicians 3514 Web Technicians

352 Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians 3521 Broadcasting and Audiovisual Technicians 3522 Telecommunications Engineering Technicians

5IFQSPQPTFEUIFNBUJDWJFXGPS*$5PDDVQBUJPOTXJMMJODMVEFBMMPGUIFPDDVQBUJPOTJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQTBOEMJTUFEBCPWFBTXFMMBTBOVNCFSPGPUIFSVOJUHSPVQTUIBUQSJ-NBSJMZJOWPMWFUIFQSPEVDUJPOPG*$5HPPETBOETFSWJDFTTVDIBT

1330 Information and Communications Technology Services Managers 2152 Electronics Engineers 2153 Telecommunications Engineers


2166 Graphic and Multimedia Designers 2356 Information Technology Trainers 2434 Information and Communications Technology Sales Professionals 7422 Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers

5IFHSPXJOHDPOWFSHFODFCFUXFFOJOGPSNBUJPOBOEUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTUFDIOPMPHJFTJTSFnFDUFECZJODMVEJOHVOJUHSPVQTUIBUBSFTQFDJmDUPUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTJODMVEJOHCSPBE-DBTUJOHJOUIFTBNFNJOPSHSPVQTBTPUIFSPDDVQBUJPOTJO*$5*OBEEJUJPOTPNFVOJUHSPVQTDPWFSCPUIJOGPSNBUJPOBOEUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTUFDIOPMPHJFTXIFSFUIFSFJTDPOWFSHFODFJOUIFTLJMMTSFRVJSFEJOUIFMBCPVSNBSLFUJODMVEJOHGPSFYBNQMF6OJU(SPVQ*OGPSNBUJPOBOE$PNNVOJDBUJPOT5FDIOPMPHZ*OTUBMMFSTBOE4FSWJDFST

*4$0JODMVEFTNBOZPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUJOWPMWFTQFDJBMJ[FETLJMMTJOUIFVTFPG*$5BTBUPPMPSXIFSFUIFVTFPGUIFTFUFDIOPMPHJFTJTBNBKPSDPNQPOFOUPGUIFXPSL5IFTFPDDV-QBUJPOTBSFOPUJODMVEFEJOUIFUXPTVCNBKPSHSPVQTNFOUJPOFEBCPWFOPSJTJUJOUFOEFEUPJODMVEFUIFNJOUIFQSPQPTFEUIFNBUJDWJFXBTUIFZEPOPUQSJNBSJMZJOWPMWFUIFQSPEVDUJPOPG*$5HPPETBOETFSWJDFT&YBNQMFTPG*4$0VOJUHSPVQTXIFSFUIFVTFPG*$5BTBUPPMJTBOJNQPSUBOUEFmOJOHDIBSBDUFSJTUJDJODMVEFUIFGPMMPXJOH

3211 Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Equipment Technicians 4222 Contact Centre Information Clerks 5244 Contact Centre Salespersons

+

5IFDPWFSBHFPGIFBMUITFSWJDFTPDDVQBUJPOTIBTCFFOFYUFOEFEUPQSPWJEFTVDJFOUEFUBJMUPBMMPX*4$0UPCFVTFEBTUIFCBTJTGPSUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMSFQPSUJOHPGEBUBPOUIFIFBMUIworkforce to the World Health Organization (WHO).65IFDIBOHFTBMTPTFFLUPBEESFTTQSPC-lems of comparability between countries caused by difficulties in distinguishing between cer-tain occupational groups, particularly in nursing.

5PJNQSPWFUIFWJTJCJMJUZPGTUBUJTUJDTPOUIFIFBMUIXPSLGPSDFOFXTVCNBKPSHSPVQTGPSIFBMUIPDDVQBUJPOTIBWFCFFODSFBUFEJO.BKPS(SPVQTBOE5IFTUSVDUVSFPGUIFOFX4VCNBKPS(SPVQT)FBMUI1SPGFTTJPOBMTBOE)FBMUI"TTPDJBUF1SPGFTTJPOBMTJTQSFTFOUFECFMPX

22 Health Professionals

221 Medical Doctors 2211 Generalist Medical Practitioners 2212 Specialist Medical Practitioners

222 Nursing and Midwifery Professionals 2221 Nursing Professionals 2222 Midwifery Professionals

223 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals 2230 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals

224 Paramedical Practitioners 2240 Paramedical Practitioners

225 Veterinarians 2250 Veterinarians

226 Other Health Professionals 2261 Dentists 2262 Pharmacists 2263 Environmental and Occupational Health and Hygiene Professionals

6 'PSBEJTDVTTJPOPOUIFVTFPGDMBTTJmDBUJPOTDIFNFTJOIFBMUIXPSLGPSDFBOBMZTJTTFF)VOUFS%BM1P[BOEKunjumen, 2009.


2264 Physiotherapists 2265 Dieticians and Nutritionists 2266 Audiologists and Speech Therapists 2267 Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians * ')%&!'

32 Health Associate Professionals

321 Medical and Pharmaceutical Technicians 3211 Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Equipment Technicians 3212 Medical and Pathology Laboratory Technicians 3213 Pharmaceutical Technicians and Assistants 3214 Medical and Dental Prosthetic Technicians

322 Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals 3221 Nursing Associate Professionals 3222 Midwifery Associate Professionals

323 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals 3230 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals

324 Veterinary Technicians and Assistants 3240 Veterinary Technicians and Assistants

325 Other Health Associate Professionals 3251 Dental Assistants and Therapists 3252 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 3253 Community Health Workers 3254 Dispensing Opticians 3255 Physiotherapy Technicians and Assistants 3256 Medical Assistants 3257 Environmental and Occupational Health Inspectors and Associates 3258 Ambulance Workers '")%&!'

"OVNCFSPGPUIFSQPJOUTPGEJFSFODFCFUXFFO*4$0BOE*4$0TIPVMECFOPUFEJOUIFUSFBUNFOUPGQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOTJOIFBMUI*O*4$0

4FQBSBUFVOJUHSPVQTBSFQSPWJEFEGPSHFOFSBMJTUBOETQFDJBMJTUNFEJDBMQSBDUJUJPOFST 4FQBSBUFVOJUHSPVQTBSFQSPWJEFEGPSOVSTJOHBOENJEXJGFSZPDDVQBUJPOTBUCPUIQSP-GFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMMFWFM

5IFEJTUJODUJPOCFUXFFOQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMOVSTFTBOENJEXJWFTJTNBEFPOUIFCBTJTPGUIFUZQFPGXPSLQFSGPSNFEBOEOPUPOUIFCBTJTPGUIFRVBMJmDB-UJPOTIFMEPSUZQJDBMMZIFMECZJOEJWJEVBMTJOUIFDPVOUSZDPODFSOFE5IFEJFSFODFTJOUIFUBTLTQFSGPSNFEIBWFCFFONBEFDMFBSJOUIFEFmOJUJPOTPGUIFTFDBUFHPSJFT

"OFX.JOPS(SPVQ1BSBNFEJDBM1SBDUJUJPOFSTIBTCFFODSFBUFE+PCTUIBUXFSFDMBT-TJmFEUP*4$06OJU(SPVQ.FEJDBM"TTJTUBOUTTIPVMECFDMBTTJmFEJOUIJTNJOPSHSPVQJGUIFZJOWPMWFUIFQSPWJTJPOPGBEWJTPSZEJBHOPTUJDDVSBUJWFBOEQSFWFOUJWFDBSFTFSWJDFTFJUIFSXPSLJOHBVUPOPNPVTMZPSVOEFSMJNJUFETVQFSWJTJPOPGNFEJDBMEPDUPST

7FUFSJOBSJBOTBOEWFUFSJOBSZUFDIOJDJBOTBOEBTTJTUBOUTBSFJODMVEFEJOUIFTVCNBKPSHSPVQTGPSIFBMUIQSPGFTTJPOBMTBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMTSFTQFDUJWFMZCFDBVTFPGUIFTUSPOHTJNJMBSJUZXJUIIVNBOIFBMUIPDDVQBUJPOTJOUIFmFMEPGLOPXMFEHFSFRVJSFEBOEUBTLTQFSGPSNFE5IFZBSFJEFOUJmFEBUNJOPSHSPVQMFWFMTPUIBUEBUBPOPDDVQBUJPOTUIBUJOWPMWFUIFQSPWJTJPOPGIVNBOIFBMUITFSWJDFTDBOCFDPNQJMFECZFYDMVTJPOGSPNEBUBSFQPSUFEBUUIJTMFWFM

"NCVMBODFXPSLFSTBSFDMBTTJmFEJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQXIFSFBTJO*4$0UIFZXFSFJODMVEFEJO.BKPS(SPVQ4FSWJDF8PSLFSTBOE4IPQBOE.BSLFU4BMFT8PSLFST

Emergency paramedics are classied in the same unit group as ambulance officers, as it is difficult to distinguish them from ambulance workers in statistical collections in some countries.


.FEJDBMBOEEFOUBMQSPTUIFUJDBOESFMBUFEUFDIOJDJBOTIBWFCFFONPWFEGSPN*4$0.BKPS(SPVQ$SBGUBOE3FMBUFE5SBEFT8PSLFSTUP*4$04VCNBKPS(SPVQ

5IFDIBOHFTJOUIFDMBTTJmDBUJPOPGQSBDUJUJPOFSTPGUSBEJUJPOBMBOEDPNQMFNFOUBSZNFEJ-DJOFBSFQBSUJDVMBSMZTJHOJmDBOU1SBDUJUJPOFSTPGUSBEJUJPOBMNFEJDJOFFYJTUBUQSPGFTTJPOBMMFWFM*4$04LJMM-FWFMJOMBSHFOVNCFSTJONBOZ"TJBODPVOUSJFTBOEBSFJODSFBTJOHJOOVNCFSJO/PSUI"NFSJDBBOE&VSPQF5IFTFPDDVQBUJPOTHFOFSBMMZSFRVJSFFYUFOTJWFGPSNBMFEVDBUJPOJOCPUIUSBEJUJPOBMBOENPEFSOBMMPQBUIJDNFEJDJOF.JOPSHSPVQTXFSFUIFSFGPSFcreated for traditional and complementary medicine professionals, and for traditional and DPNQMFNFOUBSZNFEJDJOFBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMTSFQMBDJOHUIFTJOHMFVOJUHSPVQJO.BKPS(SPVQQSPWJEFEJO*4$0"EJTDVTTJPOPOUIFCPVOEBSJFTCFUXFFOUIFTFUXPHSPVQTDBOCFGPVOEJOTFDUJPOCFMPX

*OBEEJUJPOUPUIFDIBOHFTNBEFGPSQSPGFTTJPOBMBOEBTTPDJBUFQSPGFTTJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOTJOIFBMUIBTFQBSBUF4VCNBKPS(SPVQ1FSTPOBM$BSF8PSLFSTJTBMTPQSPWJEFE5IJTHSPVQSFQMBDFT*4$0.JOPS(SPVQ1FSTPOBM$BSFBOE3FMBUFE8PSLFST5IPTFJOWPMWFEJOUIFQSPWJTJPOPGIFBMUITFSWJDFTBSFJEFOUJmFETFQBSBUFMZBUUIFNJOPSHSPVQMFWFMGSPNUIPTFJOWPMWFEJODIJMEDBSFBTGPMMPXT

5+?2

531 Child Care Workers and Teachers Aides 5311 Child Care Workers 5312 Teachers Aides

532 Personal Care Workers in Health Services 5321 Health Care Assistants 5322 Home-based Personal Care Workers )+'%&!'

*UJTJOUFOEFEUIBUUIFPDDVQBUJPOTJOWPMWFEJOUIFQSPWJTJPOPGIVNBOIFBMUITFSWJDFTJO4VCNBKPS(SPVQTBOEUIBUJTFYDMVEJOHUIPTFNJOPSHSPVQTSFMBUJOHUPWFUFSJOBSZDBSFBOEDIJMEDBSFXJMMCFJODMVEFEJOUIFQSPQPTFEUIFNBUJDWJFXGPSIFBMUIPDDVQBUJPOT"OVNCFSPGPUIFSVOJUHSPVQTUIBUXFSFOPUTFQBSBUFMZJEFOUJmFEJO*4$0NBZBMTPCFJODMVEFEJOQBSUJDVMBS

1342 Health Services Managers 1343 Aged Care Services Managers 3344 Medical Secretaries

)

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$BUFHPSJFTIBWFBMTPCFFOQSPWJEFEGPSWPDBUJPOBMFEVDBUJPOUFBDIFSTBOEGPSTPNFTQF-DJBMJ[FEDBUFHPSJFTPGUFBDIFS5IPTFXIPUFBDIWPDBUJPOBMTVCKFDUTUIBUQSFQBSFTUVEFOUTGPSFNQMPZNFOUJOBQBSUJDVMBSPDDVQBUJPOBMHSPVQBSFDMBTTJmFEJO6OJU(SPVQ7PDBUJPOBM&EVDBUJPO5FBDIFSTXIFUIFSUIFZXPSLJOBHFOFSBMTFDPOEBSZTDIPPMPSJOBWPDBUJPOBMPStechnical school or college.


,#"

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International Standard Classifi cation of Occupations 08

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Transcript of International Standard Classifi cation of Occupations 08