INTERNATIONAL Solutions for soil, plant & meteorology Plant Water Use and “Behaviour”...
-
Upload
jemimah-elliott -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of INTERNATIONAL Solutions for soil, plant & meteorology Plant Water Use and “Behaviour”...
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Plant Water Useand “Behaviour”
INTERNATIONAL
Michael Forster PhD (UNSW)
Plant and Soil Scientist
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Tree Water Use• Total Tree Water Use
• Hydraulic Redistribution
– Soil
– Stem
– Leaf
• Water Potential Gradients
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Definition
• Water Potential:
– Free energy associated with water
– Free energy is the potential to do work
– Water moves from higher to lower potentials
– Water moves from mountains to ocean
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Definition• Water Potential Units of Measurement:
J/kg MPa Bars RH
-1 -0.001 -0.01 0.999993
-10 -0.01 -0.1 0.999926
Field Capacity -33 -0.033 -0.33 0.999756-100 -0.1 -1 0.999261
-1000 -1 -10 0.992638
Wilting Point -1500 -1.5 -15 0.988977-10000 -10 -100 0.928772
Air Dry -100000 -100 -1000 0.477632Oven Dry -1000000 -1000 -10000 0.000618
High Potential
Low Potential
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Soil-Plant-AtmosphereContinuum
Soil = -0.33 Bar
Trunk = -0.8 Bar
Leaf cell = -1.0 Bar
Leaf air = -7.0 Bar
Atmosphere = -100 Bar
High Potential
Low Potential
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Measuring Tree Water Use
• Heat Ratio Method (HRM)
• Heat Field Deformation (HFD)
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Measuring Tree Water Use
7.5 mm
22.5 mm
35 mm
12.5 mm
Inner
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
a c
Temperature sensors
Downstream temperature probe
Upstream temperature
probe
Heater probe x
x
Bark + cambium
Sapwood Heartwood Centre of stem
Sapflow
db
HRM Technique
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
HeartwoodSapwood
HRM Technique
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Example HRM Data
Time
Sap
Vel
ocity
(cm
per
hou
r)
Data downloaded intoSap Flow Tool software:
www.sapflowtool.com
For analysis and visual presentation
Warm weather
Nocturnal Sap Flow
Cool Weather
Diurnal Sap Flow
Rain event
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Root Sap Flow
Black Line: Northern
Grey Line: Southern
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Stem Sap Flow
Black Line: Northern
Grey Line: Southern
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
More Case Studies: Hydraulic RedistributionPlease refer to Conference Proceedings
Leaf Mediated Hydraulic Redistribution
Root Mediated Hydraulic Redistribution
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
• Antamina Mine
• Largest mine in Peru
• US$ 2.26bn investment
• Copper & Zinc
• Located 4,300m a.s.l.
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
• Copper & Zinc transported via gravity and
water to sea port
• Filters separate solids from water
• What to do with all the water???
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
• 174 acre afforestation
• 190,000 trees
• Several species
• Trees as Biopumps
• Mine production dependent
on Biopumps
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
• Results from 6 months of
sampling
• Acacia: 3,200 litres
• Tamarix: 1,500 litres
• Algorrobo: 600 litres
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
More Case Studies: Total Tree Water UsePlease refer to Conference ProceedingsNorthern United Forestry Group:Kamarooka Project
INTERNATIONAL
Solutions for soil, plant & meteorologywww.ictinternational.com.au
ICT International Pty LtdSolutions for soil, plant and environmental research
[email protected]: 61 2 6772 6770Fax: 61 2 6772 7616PO Box 503, Armidale, NSW, Australia, 2350 INTERNATIONAL