INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE EFFECTS OF...
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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
EFFECTS OF APPLYING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON ANTHROPOLOGICAL
STATUS OF CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS
December 12th 2018, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Book of Abstracts
Editors:
Dejan Suzović, Nenad Janković, Goran Prebeg and Marko Ćosić
University of Belgrade-Faculty of Sport and Physical Education
Belgrade, 2018
MEĐUNARODNA NAUČNA KONFERENCIJA
EFEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI NA ANTROPOLOŠKI STATUS
DECE, OMLADINE I ODRASLIH
12. decembar 2018, Beograd, Republika Srbija
Zbornik sažetaka
Urednici:
Dejan Suzović, Nenad Janković, Goran Prebeg i Marko Ćosić
Univerzitet u Beogradu-Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja
Beograd, 2018.
Publisher: University of Belgrade-Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Izdavač: Univerzitet u Beogradu-Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja For the Publisher / Za Izdavača: Saša Jakovljević, Dean/Dekan Editors / Urednici: Dejan Suzović Nenad Janković Goran Prebeg Marko Ćosić Tehnička obrada / Layout: Marko Ćosić Design and Cover / Dizajn i korice: 3D+ Printed by / Štampa: 3D+, Beograd 2018. Edition / Tiraž: 30 copies / primeraka Organizer / Organizator: University of Belgrade-Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Univerzitet u Beogradu-Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja In cooperation with / U suogranizaciji: Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije Supported by / Uz podršku: Ministry of Youth and Sport of the Republic of Serbia Ministarstvo omladine i sporta Republike Srbije Olympic Committee of the Republic of Serbia Olimpijski komitet Srbije
SCIENTIFIC BOARD / NAUČNI ODBOR Presidents / Predsednici Assoc. prof. Dejan Suzović, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Assoc. prof. Nenad Janković, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Members from the Institution / Članovi sa matične institucije Prof. Goran Nešić, PhD, Prof. Dušan Mitić, PhD, Assoc. prof. Ivana Milanović, PhD, Assoc. prof. Ana Vesković Đaković, PhD, Assoc. prof. Zoran Valdevit, PhD, Assoc. prof. Dejan Ilić, PhD, Assoc. prof. Sanja Mandarić, PhD, Assoc. prof. Vladimir Ilić, PhD,
Assis. prof. Miloš Marković, PhD, Assis. prof. Branka Marković, PhD, Assis. prof. Radivoj Mandić, PhD, Assis. prof. Milinko Dabović, PhD, Assis. prof. Lidija Moskovljević, PhD, Assis. prof. Sandra Radenović, PhD, Assis. prof. Bojan Leontijević, PhD, Assis. prof. Aleksandra Popović, PhD,
Members from other national institutions / Članovi sa ostalih nacionalnih institucija Prof. Dragan Radovanović, PhD, University of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Prof. Jelena Obradović, PhD, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Assis. prof. Nikola Petrović, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy Assis. prof. Dragan Strelić, PhD, University of Defence, Military Academy Assis. prof. Milan Aksić, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine Predrag Božić, PhD, Senior Research Associate, Serbian Institute of Sport and Sports Medicine International members / Članovi iz inostranstva Prof. Dana Badau, PhD, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mures, Romania Prof. Milan Čoh, PhD, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Slovenia Prof. Daniela Daševa, PhD, National Sports Academy „Vassil Levski“, Sofia, Bulgaria Prof. Zoran Grgantov, PhD, University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia Assoc. prof. Borko Petrović, PhD, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Assoc. prof. Siniša Karišik, PhD, University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Assoc. prof. Hrvoje Jurić, PhD, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Philosophy, Croatia Amador García Ramos, PhD, University of Granada, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, CIEDE, Faculty of Education ORGANIZATIONAL BOARD / ORGANIZACIONI ODBOR President/ Predsednik Assis. prof. Goran Prebeg, PhD, General secretary of the Conference / Generalni sekretar Konferencije Ass. Marko Ćosić, PhD, Members / Članovi Assis. prof. Miloš Mudrić, PhD, Assis. prof. Željko Rajković, PhD, Assis. prof. Igor Ranisavljev, PhD, Ass. Slobodanka Dobrijević, Ass. Sonja Kocić Pajić, Ass. Milan Petronijević, Ass. Lazar Tomić, Gordana Vekarić, Foreign language lecturer,
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Dear colleagues, participants of the Conference
We wish you a welcome to the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University
of Belgrade, which this year celebrating the anniversary, 80 years since foundation. The first Faculty in this region celebrating anniversary also organizes an international scientific conference, which is traditionally organized on the occasion of the Faculty Day. The conference entitled “The Effects of Applying Physical Activity on the Anthropological Status of Children, Adolescents and Adults” has been organized since 2011 and this year has its 8th edition. The Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, the Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Serbia and the Olympic Committee of Serbia have supported the organization of the Conference as well as in previous years.
The conference enables interaction of all participants during formal sessions, presentations and exchange of new knowledge and results of scientific research in order to enrich modern analytical approaches in monitoring and application of physical activities. We also hope that during socializing in an informal ambience, participants will exchange ideas, enrich knowledge, and create new friendships.
According to the defined criteria, a large number of papers were reported within the thematic areas, and after the review, the Scientific Committee accepted 79 abstracts in Serbian and English language. The selected abstracts are arranged in 9 sessions for oral presentations and one poster session. In the preparation of the Book of Abstracts, distribution was done according to the thematic areas and the methodological structures of abstracts.
It is our great pleasure to inform you that at the Conference in the jubilee year of the Faculty, besides a large number of scientists, professors and students from Serbia, participate very significant number of our respected colleagues and colleagues from a large number of countries in the region and the European Union. A wide range of thematic areas contributed to interdisciplinary work by including research from related scientific fields and institutions. We wish all authors the successful presentation of papers, active participation in the work of the Conference and acquiring new knowledge and exchange of professional and scientific experiences, with a pleasant stay in Belgrade, as well as at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade.
Presidents of the Scientific Committee of the Conference
Dejan Suzović, PhD, assoc. prof.
Nenad Janković, PhD, assoc. prof.
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Želimo Vam dobrodošlicu na Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u
Beogradu koji ove godine slavi jubilej, 80 godina od nastanka. Matični fakultet na ovim prostorima slaveći jubilej organizuje i međunarodnu naučnu konferenciju, koja se tradicionalno održava povodom Dana fakulteta. Konferencija se pod nazivom: „Efekti primene fizičke aktivnosti na antropološki status dece, omladine i odraslih“ organizuje od 2011. i ove godine ima svoje 8. izdanje. Podršku organizaciji Konferencije ove, kao i prethodnih godina dali su Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije, Ministarstvo omladine i sporta Republike Srbije i Olimpijski komitet Srbije.
Konferencija omogućava interakciju svih učesnika tokom formalnih sesija, prezentacija i razmene novih saznanja i rezultata naučnih istraživanja sa ciljem obogaćivanja savremenih analitičkih pristupa u praćenju i primeni fizičkih aktivnosti. Takođe se nadamo da će se tokom druženja u neformalnoj atmosferi razmenjivati ideje i obogaćivati znanja ali i stvarati nova prijateljstva.
Prema definisanim kriterijumima, u okviru tematskih područja prijavljen je veliki broj radova, a nakon recenzija naučni odbor prihvatio je 79 sažetaka radova, na srpskom i engleskom jeziku. Odabrani radovi raspoređeni su u 9 sesija za usmene prezentacije i jednu poster sesiju. U pripremanju Zbornika sažetaka izvršeno je raspoređivanje radova prema tematskim oblastima i ujednačavanje metodoloških struktura radova.
Posebno nam je zadovoljstvo da Vas obavestimo da na Konferenciji u jubilarnoj godini Fakulteta pored velikog broja naučnika, profesora i studenata iz Srbije učestvuje i izuzetno značajan broj naših poštovanih koleginica i kolega iz velikog broja država regiona i Evropske unije. Širok spektar tematskih oblasti doprineo je interdisciplinarnosti radova uključivanjem istraživanja iz srodnih naučnih oblasti i institucija.
Svim autorima z elimo uspes nu prezentaciju radova, aktivno uc es c e u radu Konferencije i sticanje novih saznanja i razmenu struc nih i nauc nih iskustava, uz prijatan boravak u Beogradu, kao i na Fakultetu sporta i fizic kog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Predsednici naučnog odbora Konferencije
Dr Dejan Suzović, van. prof.
Dr Nenad Janković, van. prof.
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CONTENTS / SADRŽAJ
INVITED LECTURE 11 POZIVNA PREDAVANJA 11 Santiago Veiga
FROM COMPLICATED BIOMECHANICS TO MEANINGFUL PRACTICE 13
Amador García Ramos OPTIMIZATION IN THE PREDICTION OF THE ONE-REPETITION MAXIMUM THROUGH MOVEMENT
VELOCITY 14
Tomaž Pavlin “TO RESTORE THE MENTAL AND BODY HEALTH OF OUR PEOPLE AND TO STRENGTHEN HIS LIFE
FORCE”: THE FORMATION OF THE YUGOSLAV STATE AND THE PHYSICAL/BODY CULTURE 15 METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION
IN DANCE, GYMNASTICS AND RECREATION 17 METODIČKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U PLESU, GIMNASTICI I REKREACIJI 17
Branka Savović
INTERESTS, ATTITUDES AND NEEDS OF BELGRADE CITIZENS AGED 40 - 90 ABOUT SPORTS-RECREATION ACTIVITIES 19
INTERESOVANJA, STAVOVI I POTREBE BEOGRAĐANA STAROSTI OD 40 - 90 GODINA PREMA SPORTSKO – REKREATIVNIM AKTIVNOSTIMA 20
Gorana Tešanović, Vladimir Jakovljević, Goran Bošnjak, Milinko Dabović
ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS AS A BODY SHAPING EXERCISES IN GROUP FITNESS PROGRAMS 21 ELEMENTI SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE KAO VJEŽBE OBLIKOVANJA U GRUPNIM FITNES PROGRAMIMA 22
Ljubica Papić, Stanimir Stojiljković, Vladimir Koprivica, Branka Marković PERIODIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL ENDURANCE IN PREPARATION OF RECREATIONAL
RUNNERS FOR THEIR FIRST HALF-MARATHON 23 PERIODIZACIJA RAZVOJA IZDRŽLJIVOSTI U PRIPREMI REKREATIVACA ZA PRVI POLUMARATON 24
Miljan Grbović, Aleksandra Domanović, Marko Ćosić, Marija Grbović, Milinko Dabović EFFICIENCY OF THEORY AND METHODICS OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS TEACHING IN DIFFERENT
ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS 25 EFIKASNOST NASTAVE TEORIJE I METODIKE SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE U RAZLIČITIM MODELIMA
ORGANIZACIJE 26
Mladen Stanković, Božo Bokan, Miloš Marković, Sandra Radenović STUDENTS' INTEREST IN SPORT-RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES 27 INTERESOVANJE STUDENATA ZA SPORTSKO-REKREATIVNE AKTIVNOSTI 28
Ružena Popović, Tijana Purenović-Ivanović, Marija Pavlović, Milan Dolga, Jasna Popović APPLICATION OF FOLK AND SOCIAL DANCE ATTITUDE SCALES IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND RHYTHMIC
GYMNASTS 29
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Snežana Radisavljević Janić, Sanja Mandarić DANCE COMPONENTS IN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF
THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 30 SADRŽAJI PLESOVA U PROGRAMU FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA OBRAZOVNO-VASPITNOG SISTEMA
REPUBLIKE SRBIJE 31
Sonja Kocić Pajić, Marko Erak, Marko Medak, Vladimir Barać REALIZATION RATE OF GYMNASTICS PROGRAM DETERMINED BY THE CURRICULUM ON PE CLASSES IN
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 32 STEPEN REALIZACIJE SADRŽAJA PROGRAMA SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE NA ČASOVIMA FIZIČKOG
VASPITANJA U OSNOVNOJ ŠKOLI 33
Stipo Dajaković, Tamara Despot IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT DANCING –CARDIORESPIRATORY REQUIREMENTS AND DANCE PERFORMANCE 34
Vladimir Pokrajčić, Martina Rezić, Vladimir Jakovljević, Gorana Tešanović RACE WALKING AS A MOVING FITNESS ACTIVITY 35 SPORTSKO HODANJE KAO KRETNA AKTIVNOST U FITNES-U 36
BIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION 37 BIOMEDICINSKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI 37
Aleksa Grbović, Marina Đorđević-Nikić
SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL DEMANDS OF JUDO ATHLETES 39 SPECIFIČNE NUTRITIVNE POTREBE DŽUDISTA 40
Aleksandra Popović, Vanja Mijajlović, Branka Marković, Lidija Moskovljević FOOT DEFORMITIES IN BALLET SCHOOL STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONAL BALLET PLAYERS 41 PRISUSTVO DEFORMITETA STOPALA KOD UČENIKA SREDNJE BALETSKE ŠKOLE I PROFESIONALNIH
BALETSKIH IGRAČA 42
Dejan Ilić, Vladimir Ilić, Andrijana Trišić FOOT STATUS OF SENIOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS W.F.C. “POŽAREVAC” 43 STATUS STOPALA FUDBALERKI SENIORSKOG TIMA ŽFK „POŽAREVAC“ 44
Mima Stanković, Bojan Jorgić, Zoran Milanović, Vladimir Antić, Marko Jezdimirović, Stefan Đorđević
THE POSTURAL STATUS OF FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN RELATION TO LEVELS OF COMPETITION 45 POSTURALNI STATUS FUDBALERKI U ODNOSU NA TAKMIČARSKI NIVO 46
Josip Cvenić A COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE AND SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS IN THE ASSESSMENT
OF BODY COMPOSITION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS 47 USPOREDBA METODE BIOLEKTRIČNE IMPENDANCIJE I MJERENJA KOŽNIH NABORA U PROCJENI
SASTAVA TIJELA KOD STUDENATA 48
Kosta Novaković, Vladimir Ilić EFFECTS OF FASTING AND VERY LOW CALORY DIET ON BODY COMPOSITION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 49
Marija Macura, Nikola Jokić, Milos Mudrić FREQUENCY OF INJURING AT KICK BOXING ATHLETES 50 UČESTALOST POVREĐIVANJA SPORTISTA U KIK BOKSU 51
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Marin Gadev, Petar Peev CORRELATION BETWEEN POWER POTENTIAL, ANTHROPOMETRY AND THE SPEED OF THE BALL OF IN-
STEP KICK IN FOOTBALL 52
Marko Šindik, Marijana Čavala, Petra Cerić, Miodrag Spasić, Josefina Đuzel FREQUENCY AND TYPES OF INJURIES IN HANDBALL 53 UČESTALOST I VRSTE OZLJEDA U RUKOMETU 54
Milomir Trivun, Aldvin Torlaković, Zsolt Németh, Edin Mirvić DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS’ RESULTS OF BODY MASS INDEX AND SWIMMING 55 RAZLIKE REZULTATA STUDENATA U BODI MAS INDEKSU I PLIVANJU 56
Radivoje Janković, Bojan Mitrović, Goran Vučković, Nenad Koropanovski AEROBIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ACADEMY OF CRIMINALISTIC AND POLICE STUDIES
FEMALE STUDENTS - THREE YEARS FOLLOW-UP STUDIES 57 PROMENE AEROBNIH SPOSOBNOSTI I OSNOVNIH MORFOLOŠKIH KARAKTERISTIKA STUDENTKINJA
KRIMINALISTIČKO-POLICIJSKE AKADEMIJE U TROGODIŠNJEM PERIODU 58
METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION IN YOUNG ATHLETES 59
METODIČKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U SPORTU MLAĐEG UZRASTA 59
Goran Jelaska, Tonči Bavčević, Damir Bavčević IMPACT OF A FOUR-WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM ON FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES IN YOUNG ROWERS 61
Goran Nešić, Nikola Majstorović, Vladimir Grbić, Zoran Savić, Saša Zornić EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED TRAINING ON FLEXIBILITY TRANSFORMATION OF 14 YEARS OLD
VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS 62 EFEKTI PROGRAMIRANOG TRENAŽNOG RADA NA TRANSFORMACIJU FLEKSIBILNOSTI KOD
ODBOJKAŠICA UZRASTA 14 GODINA 63
Ivan Kolev PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT FACTOR STRUCTURE AND SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OF 15-16 -YEARS OLD
CYCLISTS FROM BULGARIA 64
Ivan Kolev REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND
THE SPECIFIC ABILITY OF CYCLISTS IN THE AGE OF 15-16 YEARS 65
Martina Gebaj, Zvonimir Tomac, Hrvoje Ajman EFFECTS OF THREE-MONTH VOLLEYBALL TRAINING ON THE MOTOR SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN 66 EFEKTI TROMJESEČNOG TRENINGA ODBOJKE NA RAZVOJ MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI DJECE 67
Miloš Mudrić, Aleksandra Lazić, Dejan Suzović MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOTORIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG KARATEKAS 68 MORFOLOŠKE I MOTORIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE MLADIH KARATISTA 69
Miroljub Ivanović, Uglješa Ivanović THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN EXPLAINING CADET KARATEKAS’ GRADES 70 UTICAJ NEKIH INDIVIDUALNIH FAKTORA U OBJAŠNJENJU ŠKOLSKOG USPEHA KARATISTA U
KADETSKOM UZRASTU 71
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Nikola Majstorović, Zoran Valdevit, Dejan Ilić, Dimitrije Mitrović, Milica Simić DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR ABILITIES BETWEEN FEMALE
VOLLEYBALL AND HANDBALL CADET PLAYERS 72 RAZLIKE U MORFOLOŠKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA I MOTORIČKIM SPOSOBNOSTIMA IZMEĐU
ODBOJKAŠICA I RUKOMETAŠICA KADETSKOG UZRASTA 73
SOCIAL-HUMANISTIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATION 75 DRUŠTVENO HUMANISTIČKI ASPEKTI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA, SPORTA I REKREACIJE 75
Ana Vesković, Nikola Petrović, Goran Nešić
SOURCES AND MAGNITUDE OF PERCEIVED COMPETITIVE STRESS IN WOMEN'S VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS 77 IZVORI I INTENZITET OPAŽENOG TAKMIČARSKOG STRESA U ŽENSKOJ ODBOJCI 78
Dajana Janović, Ana Orlić, Dušanka Lazarević, Snežana Radisavljević Janić RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT IN ADOLESCENTS 79 RELACIJE FIZIČKOG SELF-KONCEPTA I FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI ADOLESCENATA 80
Jelica Petrović, Jovana Trbojević SELF-PERCEPTION OF SPORTING ABILITIES OF FEMALE ATHLETES WHEN COMPARED WITH ATHLETES
OF THE SAME AND OPPOSITE SEX 81 SAMOPERCEPCIJA SPORTSKIH SPOSOBNOSTI SPORTISTKINJA KADA SE POREDE SA SPORTISTIMA ISTOG
I SUPROTNOG POLA 82
Jovana Trbojević, Jelica Petrović DROPPING OUT OF SPORTS IN ADOLESCENCE - THE SITUATION IN SERBIA 83 ODUSTAJANJE OD SPORTA U ADOLESCENCIJI – STANJE U SRBIJI 84
Nikola Petrović, Ana Vesković BELIEFS ABOUT THE MORALITY OF SPORTS PSYCHOLOGISTS BEHAVIOR 85 UVERENJA O ETIČNOSTI PONAŠANJA SPORTSKIH PSIHOLOGA 86
Nives Jakus, Marijana Čavala, Hrvoje Karninčić, Miodrag Spasić, Josefina Đuzel DIFFERENCES IN PRE-COMPETITION ANXIETY IN YOUNG FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS 87 RAZLIKE PREDNATJECATELJSKE ANKSIOZNOSTI KOD RUKOMETAŠICA MLAĐIH DOBNIH SKUPINA 88
Tzeni Deligiannidou, Athanailidis Ioannis, Athanasios Laios, A. Stafyla THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL BASED ON SELF AND OTHERS PERCEPTION 89
BIOMECHANICAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATION 91
BIOMEHANIČKI I METODOLOŠKI ASPEKTI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA, SPORTA I REKREACIJE 91
Aleksandra Grbović, Ksenija Stanimirov, Sanja Dimoski SELF-ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL AND INTENSITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES OF PERSONS WITH VISUAL
IMPAIRMENT OBTAINED THROUGH APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE 93
SAMOPROCENA NIVOA I INTENZITETA FIZIČKIH AKTIVNOSTI OSOBA SA OŠTEĆENJEM VIDA DOBIJENA PRIMENOM MEĐUNARODNOG UPITNIKA O FIZIČKOJ AKTIVNOSTI 94
Milan Matić, Nenad Janković
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE LONG JUMP -CASE STUDY 95 KINEMATIČKA ANALIZA SKOKA UDALJ -STUDIJA SLUČAJA 96
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Miloslav Fabok, Milivoj Dopsaj, Bojan Leontijević, Lazar Tomić FUNCTIONAL - MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTUS AND BICEPS FEMORIS IN THE TOP
PLAYERS MEASURED BY TENSIOMYOGRAPHY METHOD (TMG) 97 FUNKCIONALNO – MEHANIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE RECTUS I BICEPS FEMORIS-A KOD VRHUNSKIH
FUDBALERA MERENE METODOM TENZIOMIOGRAFIJE (TMG) 98
Saša Kostić, Duško Ilić, Miloš Ubović, Vladimir Mrdaković KINEMATIC VARIABILITY OF SIDE-VOLLEY KICK IN RELATION TO APPROACHING BALL SPEED IN ELITE
FOOTBALL PLAYERS 99 VARIJABILITET KINEMATIKE BOČNOG VOLEJ UDARCA U ODNOSU NA BRZINU DOLAZEĆE LOPTE KOD
VRHUNSKIH FUDBALERA 100
Teodora Miketa, Roberto Coppola ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POSTURAL STABILITY TRAINING ON HEALTHY ADULTS
AFTER A RETENTION PERIOD 101
POSTER PRESENTATIONS 103 POSTER PREZENTACIJE 103
Grigor Gutev
BULGARIAN 110 M HURDLERS SPORT RESULT DYNAMICS IN AGE ASPECT 105
Hristyana Guteva, Plamen Nyagin, Iva Dimova, Maya Chipeva EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SPEED COORDINATION (AGILITY) ABILITIES OF AMATEUR FOOTBALL
PLAYERS 106
Iva Dimova STUDY OF EFFORT AT FEMALE 400 M RUNNERS ON THE IAAF WORLD ATHLETICS
CHAMPIONSHIP 2017 107
Ivaylo Lazarov CONDITIONING TRAINING FOR 17-18 YEARS OLD BADMINTON PLAYERS 108
Stevan Mesarović, Goran Prebeg, Robert Ropret SERBIAN SKI INSTRUCTOR’S COMMUNICATION SKILLS 109 KOMUNIKACIONE VEŠTINE INSTRUKTORA SKIJANJA U SRBIJI 110
Verjinia Milashka, Rumiana Karapetrova, Georgi Stoykov, Fehim Djoshan, Stefan Stoykov STUDY ON SPECIAL SPORT-TECHNICAL ABILITIES OF WOMEN DISCUS THROWER 111
METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION 113
METODIČKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU 113
Ana Buyuklieva INTEGRATED TRAINING FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 115
Bojan Miloradović, Živorad Marković, Aleksandar Ignjatović EFFECTS OF APPLYING THE INTEGRATIVE PROGRAM IN THE TEACHING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 116 EFEKTI PRIMENE INTEGRATIVNOG PROGRAMA U NASTAVI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA 117
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Gorana Mršić AN OVERVIEW ON RESEARCH INTO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE
FROM 7 TO 10 YEARS 118 PREGLED ISTRAŽIVANJA O POVEZANOSTI FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI I GOJAZNOSTI KOD DECE ŠKOLSKOG
UZRASTA OD 7 DO 10 GODINA 119
Jovana Todorović, Pavle Piperac, Zorica Terzić-Supić, Željka Stamenković, Dejan Nešić PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS 120
Miloš Popović, Hana Válková, Ružena Popović, Milan Dolga GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RELATIONS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS, INTELLECTUAL MATURITY AND
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SPECIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS 121
Petar Otković, Tihomir Vidranski, Dajana Leški INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH TO STUDENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY DURING THE COURSE OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 122 INDIVIDUALIZIRANI PRISTUP NASTAVI TJELESNE I ZDRAVSTVENE KULTURE KOD UČENIKA S
CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM 123
Tihomir Vidranski, Petar Otković, Adriana Marinović TEACHER'S COMPETENCES FOR PERFORMING PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PUPILS WITH PHYSICAL
DISABILITIES 124 KOMPETENCIJE UČITELJA ZA IZVOĐENJE NASTAVE TJELESNE I ZDRAVSTVENE KULTURE S UČENICIMA S
TEŠKOĆAMA 125
Tonči Bavčević, Igor Jelaska, Damir Bavčević CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A TEST FOR EVALUATING THE TEACHING PROCESS QUALITY IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 126
Vladimir Milošević, Ana Orlić, Ivana Milanović RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN PREADOLESCENTS 127 POVEZANOST EGZEKUTIVNIH FUNKCIJA I INDEKSA TELESNE MASE PREADOLESCENATA 128
Zvezdan Savić, Nikola Stojanović, Petar Mitić, Nebojša Ranđelović DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL
SPORT: A PILOT STUDY 129 RAZLIKE U STAVOVIMA UČENIKA O ZNAČAJU I RAZVIJENOSTI ŠKOLSKOG SPORTA: PILOT ISTRAŽIVANJE 130
SOCIAL-HUMANISTIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATION 131 DRUŠTVENO HUMANISTIČKI ASPEKTI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA, SPORTA I REKREACIJE 131
Aleksandra Sanader, Jelena Stojilković, Jasmina Bićanin, Ivan Ivković
CONTROL OF SPORTS FUNCTION IN SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDED FOR BY THE LAW ON SPORTS 133 KONTROLA SPORTSKE FUNKCIJE U SPORTSKIM ORGANIZACIJAMA PREDVIĐENA ZAKONOM O SPORTU 134
Ana Penjak, Hrvoje Karninčić, Nikolina Alerić SPORT AND SOCIAL MEDIA – ACTIVE FITNESS USERS' ATTITUDES 135
Dragiša Mladenović JOB SATISFACTION IN SKI AND SNOWBOARD INSTRUCTORS 136 KVALITET ŽIVOTA INSTRUKTORA SKIJANJA I SNOUBORDA 137
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Konstantinos Mouratidis SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTION OF SPORT
TOURISM AND SMALL-SCALE SPORTS EVENTS 138
Todorović Marija SYNDICAL ORGANISATION IN SPORT – EUROLEAGE BASKETBALL PLAYERS SELECTED AS AN EXAMPLE 139 SINDIKALNO ORGANIZOVANJE U SPORTU – PRIMER KOŠARKAŠA EVROLIGE 140
Matija Mato Škerbić W. J. MORGAN AND A. MACINTYRE – THE ROOTS OF INTERNALISM IN SPORT 141
Samouilidou Evdokia THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION OF REFUGEES STUDENTS TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION 142
Sandra Radenović, Nikola Mijatov HISTORY OF TEACHING OF SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT AT THE FACULTY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL
EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE 143 ISTORIJAT IZUČAVANJA SOCIOLOGIJE SPORTA NA FAKULTETU SPORTA I FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA
UNIVERZITETA U BEOGRADU 144
Sunčica Bartoluci, Mateja Baršić FUTSAL AS A MIRROR OF THE CROATIAN SOCIETY: WHAT DOES IT TELL US ABOUT GENDER ISSUES? 145
METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN 147 METODIČKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI KOD PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA 147
Aldvin Torlaković, Roman Kebat, Enes Pestek, Milomir Trivun
COMPARISON OF THE LEARNING DYNAMICS OF SWIMMING FOR CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES 149
KOMPARACIJA DINAMIKA UČENJA PLIVANJA ZA DJECU U RAZLIČITIM UZRASNIM KATEGORIJAMA 150
Ana Buyuklieva PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT PRE-SCHOOL AGE 151
Ljiljana Stankov, Mira Jovanović, Nataša Starčević THE ROLE OF PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING THE HABITS OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN PRE-
SCHOOL CHILDREN 152 ULOGA VASPITAČA U RAZVIJANJU NAVIKЕ BAVLJENJА SPORTSKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA KOD DECE
PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA 153
Marijo Možnik, Filip Matković, Mario Škegro EFFECTS OF “HEPAKID” TRAINING PROGRAM FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN 154
Marjan Malcev APPLICATION OF DIDACTIC GAMES WITH A HOLISTIC APPROACH IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND
SCIENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 155
Nenad Vukadinović, Irina Juhas, Milan Matić THE EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED EXERCISE ON THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN 156 EFEKTI PROGRAMIRANOG VEŽBANJA NA MOTORIČKE SPOSOBNOSTI DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA 157
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METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION IN SPORT 159 METODIČKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U SPORTU 159
Angelina Poznanović
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ACHIEVED AT THE 2018 JUDO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 161 ANALIZA REZULTATA OSTVARENIH NA SVETSKOM PRVENSTU U DŽUDOU 2018 162
Drago Grubnić, Dejan Suzović INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS ON THE METHODIC OF WINDSURFING 163 UTICAJ TEHNOLOŠKIH REŠENJA NA METODIKU JEDRENJA NA DASCI 164
Igor Ranisavljev, Radivoj Mandić, Predrag Blagojević, Marko Ćosić THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND NUMBER OF REBOUNDS DURING
NBA GAMES 165 POVEZANOST MAKSIMALNE VISINE SKOKA UVIS I BROJA SKOKOVA NA UTAKMICAMA NBA LIGE 166
Nebojša Đošić BEGINNING OF BALL POSSESSION TOWARDS FIELD ZONES IN THE GAME OF THE WORLD FOOTBALL
CHAMPIONS 2014 167 POČETAK POSEDA LOPTE PREMA ZONAMA TERENA U IGRI SVETSKIH FUDBALSKIH ŠAMPIONA 2014.
GODINE 168
Saša Jakovljević, Radivoj Mandić, Nenad Janković, Zoran Pajić THE SPEED OF THE JUMP SHOT AS A FACTOR OF PRECISION IN THE BASKETBALL 169 BRZINA IZVOĐENJA SKOK ŠUTA KAO FAKTOR PRECIZNOSTI U KOŠARCI 170
Živorad Marković, Antonio Antonov, Aleksandar Ignjatović FIELD HOCKEY NOW AND THEN IN SERBIA 171 HOKEJ NA TRAVI NEKADA I SADA U SRBIJI 172
Zoran Valdevit, Milica Simić, Milivoj Dopsaj, Stefan Marković, Milan Petronijević THE DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SHOT FROM THE PIVOT AND WING POSITION IN THE
FUNCTION OF THE FINAL PLACEMENT OF THE TEAMS AT THE WORLD HANDBALL CHAMPIONSHIPS FOR WOMEN IN 2015 AND 2017 173
RAZLIKE EFIKASNOSTI ŠUTA SA POZICIJA PIVOTMENA I KRILA U FUNKCIJI PLASMANA EKIPA NA SVETSKIM PRVENSTVIMA U RUKOMETU ZA ŽENE 2015. I 2017. GODINE 174
LIST OF REVIEWERS / SPISAK RECENZENATA 175 INDEX OF AUTHORS / INDEKS AUTORA 176
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Invited Lecture
Pozivna predavanja
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FROM COMPLICATED BIOMECHANICS TO MEANINGFUL PRACTICE
Santiago Veiga Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid Royal Spanish Swimming Federation
The application of biomechanics to the analysis of sports techniques includes different approaches from a deterministic (Chow et al., 2011) but also an ecological (Glazier et al., 2011) theoretical framework. A first level of analysis would be the performance analysis of a team or individual both in competition or training situation. The biomechanics laboratory team at the Technical University of Madrid has developed different methodologies for the two-dimensional analysis of the kinematics during competition in soccer (Mallo et al., 2010), triathlon (Cala et al., 2009) or swimming (Veiga et al., 2013; Perez-Tejero et al., 2017). Also, the analysis of the pacing strategies of open water swimmers has been examined during World Swimming Championships (Rodriguez and Veiga, 2017). A second level of analysis would be the analysis of segmental or the center of mass kinematics to describe how movements are performed. Usually, discrete measurement at key instants of the sport technique are detected even if it is more representative the analysis of continuous parameters along the movement execution. In this subject, the free-ware tool Kinovea (https://www.kinovea.org/) provide multiple possibilities for research and teaching with simple and accurate applications of several sport techniques. This resource has been extended with the development of the perspective analysis which allows to simulate the 2D-DLT techniques. A third level of analysis would be the analysis of the kinematics of one body landmark (usually joint center or segment) in relation to the movement of another body landmark. This represents the analysis of coordination which could allow a more in depth understanding of dynamics of sport techniques. Previous studies have examined the discrete analysis of coordination on the swimming techniques (Seifert, 2009) but few attempts have been developed to apply the continuous methods of analysis (like vector coding or relative phase analyses) to the sports techniques. These and other types of analyses as well as their applications and theoretical framework will be further discussed in the present lecture.
References Cala, A., Veiga, S., García, A. & Navarro, E. (2009). Previous cycling does not affect running efficiency during a triathlon World Cup competition. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 49, 152-158. Chow, John & Knudson, Duane. (2011). Use of deterministic models in sports and exercise biomechanics research. Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. 10. 219-33. 10.1080/14763141.2011.592212. Glazier, Paul S. & Robins, Matthew T. (2012) Comment on “Use of deterministic models in sports and exercise biomechanics research” by Chow and Knudson (2011), Sports Biomechanics, 11:1, 120-122, DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2011.650189 Mallo, J., Veiga, S., López de Subijana, C., & Navarro, E. (2010). Activity profile of top-class female soccer refereeing in relation to the position of the ball. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 13, 129-132. Pérez-Tejero, Javier & Veiga, Santiago & Almena, Alberto & Navandar, Archit & Navarro, Enrique. (2017). Effect of functional classification on the swimming race segments during the 2012 London Paralympic Games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 17. 1-12. 10.1080/24748668.2017.1348059. Seifert, Ludovic & Leblanc, Hugues & Didier, Chollet & Delignieres, Didier. (2009). Inter-limb coordination in swimming: Effect of speed and skill level. Human movement science. 29. 103-13. 10.1016/j.humov.2009.05.003. Veiga, S., Cala, A., Mallo, J., & Navarro, E. (2013). A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31, 159–165.
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OPTIMIZATION IN THE PREDICTION OF THE ONE-REPETITION MAXIMUM
THROUGH MOVEMENT VELOCITY
Amador García Ramos University of Granada and Catholic University of the most Holy Concepción
The one-repetition maximum (i.e., maximum load that can be lifted only one time; 1RM) is commonly used for evaluating an individual’s maximal strength as well as for prescribing loads during resistance training sessions. However, since the direct determination of the 1RM may not be feasible or practical at all time points throughout the training cycle, alternative methods that can accurately estimate maximal strength through less physically demanding testing may be of benefit. Early research proposed different equations to estimate 1RM strength using the maximum number of repetitions performed before reaching muscular failure (i.e., “lifts-to-failure equations”). However, the accuracy of lifts-to-failure equations could be compromised by several factors (e.g., type of exercise, lifting tempo, subjects’ training history, etc.) and its frequent use may interfere with the long-term development of explosive actions performance. Subsequently, contemporary methods that account for movement velocity at submaximal loads have received increased attention as less time consuming and less prone to fatigue method for predicting the exercise 1RM. General load-velocity relationship equations have been proposed to estimate the 1RM during a variety of resistance training exercises by recording the mean velocity of a single repetition performed with maximal intended velocity. However, since the use of general-load velocity relationships is associated with important drawbacks (i.e., exercise-specific, contraction-specific, device-specific, and subject-specific), it has been suggested that the individual load-velocity relationship should be considered for a more accurate estimation of the 1RM.
In this talk, I will present the results of different studies that have compared the reliability and validity of the different 1RM prediction methods (lifts-to-failure equations, general load-velocity relationship, and individual L-V relationship). Furthermore, a number of practical recommendations to maximize the accuracy in the prediction of the 1RM through movement velocity will be provided. Specifically, I will discuss the importance of several factors such as the type of velocity variable, regression model, measurement device, or magnitude and number of loads. Finally, the steps needed to quickly estimate the 1RM through the individual load-velocity relationship will be detailed: (i) setting of the exercise-specific velocity of the 1RM, (ii) recording of the mean velocity against two different external loads, and (iii) modelling of the individual load-velocity relationship and determining the 1RM as the load associated with the velocity of the 1RM.
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“TO RESTORE THE MENTAL AND BODY HEALTH OF OUR PEOPLE AND TO
STRENGTHEN HIS LIFE FORCE”: THE FORMATION OF THE YUGOSLAV STATE AND THE PHYSICAL/BODY CULTURE
Tomaž Pavlin University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction The article deals with the centenary of the end of the First World War and the formation of the Yugoslav state on December 1st 1918, and the issue of the new state and the role of Physical Culture. The research topic is based on secondary sources, in particular the newspaper, and in the case of gymnastic Sokol organistions publications of their administrative bodies, that is Sokolski glasnik, which it can be considered as the primary source; otherwise the research makes it difficult for the modest primary archival material. Discussion During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Body or Physical Culture spread between the Slavs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Serbs of the Kingdom of Serbia. From the amusement leisure activity it went through the process of socializing into a socially diversified societal activity with umbrella national organizations and inter-national and panslavic links, as well as the first international memberships. Parallel a compulsory subject of physical exercise or gymnastics was introduced in the school premises, whereby every school-age child was given the opportunity to meet at least the minimum with a cultural novelty. The well-born activity was temporarily interrupted by the Great War, and with its completion in November 1918 and the formation of the Yugoslav state, the physical-cultural organizations found themselves in a new situation within the general problems such as the organization of political life and question of constitution, war damage and renewal, the reorientation of the economy to the peacetime industry, demobilization and unemployment, battles for the borders, emigration from Italy's occupied territories. The new time, the time of peace and the South Slavic merger and political recognition brought before them dilemmas and decisions on the way forward, especially the process of Yugoslavization and centralization of organisations, which started already in the beginning of 1919, the challenges of consolidating their activities among themselves and in the new political and cultural environment, and also entering the school milieu. References Pavlin, T. (2003). “Zanimanje za sport je prodrlo med Slovenci že v široke sloje”: telesnokulturno in športno organiziranje na Slovenskem pred prvo svetovno vojno in po njej. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport. Naša pot: 150 let ustanovitve Južnega Sokola in sokolskega gibanja (2014), (ed. Pavlin, T.). Ljubljana: Fakulteta za šport.
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Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity
application in dance, gymnastics and recreation
Metodički aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti u plesu,
gimnastici i rekreaciji
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INTERESTS, ATTITUDES AND NEEDS OF BELGRADE CITIZENS AGED 40 - 90
ABOUT SPORTS-RECREATION ACTIVITIES
Branka Savović Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia Introduction According to the WHO data (WHO, 2002) the most important risk factors of death include insufficient involvement in sports-recreational activities. In order to improve this state in line with modern tendencies of lifelong cherishing of healthy life styles, it is necessary to initiate and organize appropriate activities for overall population. Such determination of adequacy of these activities for adults is an open andragogical issue. In our research we tried to cover the issues of interests, attitudes and needs of Belgrade citizens aged 40-90 according to different sports-recreational contents, organized activities and possibilities of respondents’ participation. Method The non-experimental descriptive research was realized in a random sample of 169 respondents aged 40 – 90 years from the Belgrade territory at nine locations (streets and promenades). We applied an instrument constructed for this research, which besides two Likert type scales with 15 and 12 items respectively and a questionnaire on demographic data contains open-ended questions about respondents’ needs. In line with the strategy of public opinion’s survey, descriptive statistics was used together with χ² test while the open-ended questions were elaborated by discourse analysis method. Results with discussion Overall, majority of the respondents are engaged in recreation in long walks and occasional bike riding. The least represented activities were gym, tennis, combat sports and mountaineering. The respondents most often agreed with the statements that “recreation is excellent for health of people of my age” and “I would gladly do recreational activities if they were to my liking and at favourable price”. They think that “recreation rejuvenates spirit and body” and that it would be “more interesting in mixed groups”. They are mostly not aware that there are organized recreational activities nearby or the recreational activities are too expensive. They would gladly accept organized excursions, summer or winter holidays combined with recreational activities. Conclusion The results show that Belgrade citizens aged 40-90 years are relatively passive but also interested for involvement in sports-recreational activities. They do not know much about organized offer of appropriate activities in their environment or they consider them too expensive. They would gladly accept participation in the offered organized activities on the condition that they are in line with their needs and opportunities. Keywords: andragogy, sports – recreational activities, Belgrade citizens aged 40-90 years, interests, attitudes, needs References Kačavenda – Radić. (1992). Refleksije i/o slobodnog vremena. Beograd: Institut za pedagogiju i andragogiju Filozofskog fakulteta. Lazarević, B. (2007). Obrazovanjem do rekreacije. Beograd: Društvo za obrazovanje odraslih
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INTERESOVANJA, STAVOVI I POTREBE BEOGRAĐANA STAROSTI OD 40 - 90
GODINA PREMA SPORTSKO – REKREATIVNIM AKTIVNOSTIMA
Branka Savović Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Republika Srbija Uvod Prema podacima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO, 2002) među najznačajnije faktore rizika od smrti spada nedovoljno upražnjavanje sportsko – rekreativnih aktivnosti. Da bi se stanje unapredilo u skladu sa savremenim tendencijama doživotnog negovanja zdravih životnih stilova potrebno je inicirati i organizovati adekvatne aktivnosti za celokupnu populaciju. Određivanje adekvatnosti ovih aktivnosti za odrasle je otvoren andragoški problem. Istraživanjem smo pokušali da obuhvatimo pitanja interesovanja, stavova i potreba Beograđana starosti 40-90 godina prema različitim sportsko – rekreativnim sadržajima, organizovanim aktivnostima i mogućnostima participiranja ispitanika. Metod Neeksperimentalno deskriptivno istraživanje je realizovano na slučajnom uzorku od 169 ispitanika starosti 40 – 90 godina sa teritorije Beograda i to na devet različitih lokacija (ulica i šetališta). Primenjen je instrument konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja koji pored dve skale stavova Liketrovog tipa od po 15, odnosno 12 tvrdnji i upitnika o demografskim podacima sadrži pitanja otvorenog tipa o potrebama ispitanika. U skladu sa strategijom ispitivanja javnog mnenja za obradu podataka upotrebljena je deskriptivna statistika i χ² test a pitanja otvorenog tipa su obrađena metodom analize diskursa. Rezultati sa diskusijom Sumarno, većina ispitanika se rekreira dugim šetnjama ili povremenom vožnjom bicikla. Najmanje su zastupljeni odlasci u teretanu, tenis, borilački sportovi i planinarenje. Ispitanici se najčešće slažu sa tvrdnjama da je „rekreacija odlična za zdravlje ljudi mojih godina“ i „rado bih išao/la na rekreaciju kada bi bila po mom ukusu i cen“. Smatraju da „rekreacija podmlađuje duh i telo“ i da bi bila „zanimljivija u mešovitim grupama“. Uglavnom nisu upoznati da postoje organizovane rekreativne aktivnosti u blizini ili su im rekreativni sadržaji preskupi. Rado bi prihvatili i organizovane izlete, letovanja i zimovanja kombinovana sa rekreativnim aktivnostima. Zaključak Iz rezultata proizilazi da je populacija beogradskog stanovništva 40-90 godina relativno pasivna ali i zainteresovana za učešće u sportsko – rekreativnim aktivnostima. Sa organizovanom ponudom adekvatnih aktivnosti u svom okruženju nisu upoznati ili im je preskupa. Rado bi prihvatili učešće u ponuđenim organizovanim aktivnostima pod uslovom da su u skladu sa njihovim potrebama i mogućnostima. Ključne reči: Andragogija, sportsko – rekreativne aktivnosti, Beograđani 40-90 godina, interesovanja, stavovi, potrebe Literatura Kačavenda – Radić. (1992). Refleksije i/o slobodnog vremena. Beograd: Institut za pedagogiju i andragogiju Filozofskog fakulteta. Lazarević, B. (2007). Obrazovanjem do rekreacije. Beograd: Društvo za obrazovanje odraslih
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ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS AS A BODY SHAPING EXERCISES IN GROUP FITNESS PROGRAMS
Gorana Tešanović1; Vladimir Jakovljević1; Goran Bošnjak1; Milinko Dabović2 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Bosnia and Hercegovina 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Group fitness programs as systematically repeated recreational forms of exercise have positive effects on the transformation of functional abilities and the changes in body composition (McCord, Nichols & Patterson, 1989). In modern society, body shaping exercises and artistic gymnastics elements are an integral part of education, sports, kinesitherapy programs and recreational forms of exercising (Živčić & Krističević, 2008), which, by their contents include functional movement of the body with a topological order. The most important role of artistic gymnastics is the development of motor skills of coordination, strength, flexibility and balance. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of the application of artistic gymnastics elements as a body shaping exercises on the body composition, mobility and the stability of respondents in order to find new ways of applying moving structures in group fitness programs. Method The study was conducted on a sample of 43 middle-aged female subjects, divided into experimental (n=22) and control (n=21) group. The effects of the program were determined by the assessment of the body composition (Body composition analyzer TANITA BC 418) based on variables – percentage of fatty tissue, percentage of left and right arm fat tissue, percentage of left and right leg fat tissue, percentage of trunk fat and assessment of mobility and stability – based on the application of the FMS method. The program lasted eight weeks, during which the participants practiced three times a week for 45 minutes. Artistic gymnastics elements as a shoulder blades stand – candlestick, roll forward, roll backward, roll forward straddled, roll backward straddled, roll forward piked, roll backward piked, front scale, knee scale, elements in hang, elements in support, and balance beam elements were applied according to the principle of body shaping exercising and for a certain length of time or number of repetitions, depending on the exercise applied. The SPSS 16.0 statistical package and following statistical methods were used to obtain valid results: the basic descriptive statistics, the KS test for normality of distribution, the T-test for independent samples to analyze differences between groups and the T-test for dependent samples to analyze differences within groups. Results with discussion Statistically significant difference in body composition variables was observed between groups on the final measurement: right leg fat tissue percentage (t=-3.09; p=0.012), left leg fat tissue percentage (t=-3.58, p=0.005), trunk fat tissue percentage (t=-2.70; p=0.036), and mobility and stability too (t=14.22; p=0.000), as well as 4 variables from the FMS test complex: deep squat (t=11.87; 0.000), step through the hurdle (t=8.63;p=0.000), active lifting of the extended leg (t=5.71; p=0.000) and rotational trunk stability (t=12.94;p=0.000). Application of the artistic gymnastics elements according to the principle of body shaping exercises designing, during eight weeks, led to changes in the fat tissue percentage of lower extremities and trunk, as well as to the improvement of the mobility and stability of the subjects. Conclusion Application of the artistic gymnastics elements as a body shaping exercises in the group fitness program in middle-aged female population, has influenced morphological characteristics and the improvement of mobility, which indicates the possibility of their wider application and dealing with moving activities that require high intensity efforts and still have a positive impact on the quality of life of individuals. Keywords: middle age, mobility, moving structures References McCord, P., Nichols, J. & Patterson, P. (1989). The effect of low impact dance training on aerobic capacity, submaximal heart and body composition of college-aged females. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 29, 184-188.
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ELEMENTI SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE KAO VJEŽBE OBLIKOVANJA U GRUPNIM FITNES PROGRAMIMA
Gorana Tešanović1; Vladimir Jakovljević1; Goran Bošnjak1; Milinko Dabović2 1 Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija
Uvod Grupni fitnes programi, kao sistemski ponovljeni rekreativni oblici vježbanja, imaju pozitivne efekte na transformacije funkcionalnih sposobnosti organizma i promjene sastava tijela (McCord, Nichols & Patterson, 1989). U današnjem društvu, vježbe oblikovanja i sportska gimnastika su sastavni dio edukacije, sportskih djelatnosti, kineziterapijskih programa, te rekreativnih oblika vježbanja (Živčić & Krističević, 2008), koje svojim sadržajem obuhvataju funkcionalno kretanje tijela topološkim redom. Najvažnija uloga sportske gimnastike je razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti koordinacije, snage, fleksibilnosti i ravnoteže. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi efekte primjene elemenata sportske gimnastike, kao vježbi oblikovanja, na tjelesnu kompoziciju i mobilnost i stabilnost ispitanica radi iznalaženja novih načina primjene kretnih struktura u grupnim fitnes programima. Metod Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 42 ispitanice srednje životne dobi, podijeljenih u eksperimentalnu (n=22) i kontrolnu (n=21) grupu. Efekti programa utvrđeni su procjenom tjelesne kompozicije (Body compozition analyser TANITA BC 418) na osnovu varijabli – postotak masnog tkiva, postotak masnog tkiva lijeve i desne ruke, postotak masnog tkiva lijeve i desne noge te postotak masnog tkiva trupa, i procjenom nivoa mobilnosti i stabilnosti – na osnovu primjene FMS-metode. Program je trajao osam sedmica, tokom kojih su ispitanice vježbale tri puta sedmično po 45 minuta, a elementi sportske gimnastike kao stoj na lopaticama -svijeća, kolut naprijed, kolut nazad, kolut naprijed raznožno, kolut nazad raznožno, kolut naprijed sklonjeno, kolut nazad sklonjeno, vaga, mala vaga, visovi, upori, elementi na gredi primjenjivani su prema principu primjene vježbi oblikovanja i u određenom vremenskom trajanju ili broju ponavljanja u zavisnosti od prirode vježbe. Za dobijanje valjanih rezultata primijenjen je statistički program SPSS 16,0 i sljedeće statističke metode: osnovna deskriptivna statistika, KS test-analiza normalnosti rezultata, nezavisni T-test-analiza razlika između grupa i zavisni T-test-analiza razlika unutar grupe. Rezultati sa diskusijom Između grupa na finalnom mjerenju primijećena je statistički značajna razlika u varijablama kompozicija tijela – postotak masnog tkiva desna noga t=-3,09 p=0,012, postotka masnog tkiva lijeva noga t=-3,58 p=0,005, postotka masnog tkiva trupa t=-2,70 p=0,036 i u mobilnosti i stabilnosti t=14,22 p=0,000 tj. na 4 testa iz kompleksa testova FMS-a: duboki čučanj t=11,87 p=0,000, korak preko prepone t=8,63 p=0,000; aktivno podizanje opružene noge t=5,71 p=0,000 i rotatorna stabilnost trupa t=12,94 p=0,000). Primjena elemenata sportske gimnastike prema principu primjene vježbi oblikovanja, tokom osam sedmica dovela je do promjena postotka masnog tkiva donjih ekstremiteta i trupa, kao i do poboljšanja mobilnosti i stabilnosti ispitanica. Zaključak Primjena elemenata sportske gimnastike kao vježbi oblikovanja u grupnom fitnes programu ženske populacije srednje životne dobi uticao je na morfološke karakteristike i poboljšanje pokretljivosti, što ukazuje na mogućnost njihove šire primjene i bavljenje kretnim aktivnostima koje ne zahtijevaju napore visokog intenziteta a koji imaju pozitivan učinak na kvalitet života pojedinaca. Ključne reči: srednja životna dob, mobilnost, kretne strukture Literatura McCord, P., Nichols, J. & Patterson, P. (1989). The effect of low impact dance training on aerobic capacity, submaximal heart and body composition of college-aged females. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 29, 184-188.
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PERIODIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL ENDURANCE IN PREPARATION OF
RECREATIONAL RUNNERS FOR THEIR FIRST HALF-MARATHON
Ljubica Papić1; Stanimir Stojiljković2; Vladimir Koprivica; Branka Marković2 1 Student of Master Academic Studies, University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education 2 University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Due to increased motivation and opportunity for the recreational runners to try taking part in many races in the long run, the approach to their training resembles more and more that of a sportsman. Recreational running involves engaging in physical activity – i.e. running, for the enjoyment of the exercise itself, but also the reduction of the harmful effects of the sedentary lifestyle as well as the psychophysical health improvement and human appearance. The starting of the six-month preparation for the first half-marathon, described in this paper, requires running three kilometres continuously, at any speed. Method Descriptive method and the method of analysis theory are used in this paper. The aim of this paper is to suggest the plan and program of the training for the first half-marathon training during the six-month period, in which the means, methods and loads for the development of endurance will be optimally interrelated and adapted to beginners. Results with discussion The complete preparation for the half-marathon is shown through one macrocycle, which is divided in six mesocycles: the first one is the adaptational mesocycle, the following three are developmental, the fifth is a competitive one and the sixth is the mesocycle of recovery. The first mesocyle includes six microcycles, the following four include four microcycles each, while the last one includes two microcycles. Every microcycle of the training lasts for a week. The frequency of the training is three times a week. The trainings consist of four steps adapted to beginners: recovery; basic durability (LSD – long slow distance); pace; intervals. Conclusion The beginners can greatly facilitate from their training process by using this customized training periodization for their first halfmarathon, for a period of six months. Not only that, but they will also reduce the risk of injury and they will contribute to ending the targeted race without a heavy burden on the body. Keywords: running, half-marathon, recreation, periodization References Koprivica, V. (2013). Teorija sportskog treninga. Belgrade: Author’s publication. Stojiljković, S. and associates. (2012). Personalni fitnes. Belgrade: The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education and Author.
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PERIODIZACIJA RAZVOJA IZDRŽLJIVOSTI U PRIPREMI REKREATIVACA ZA
PRVI POLUMARATON
Ljubica Papić1; Stanimir Stojiljković2; Vladimir Koprivica; Branka Marković2 1 Student Master akademskih studija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Usled porasta motivacije i mogućnosti da se rekreativci oprobaju u mnogim trkama na duge staze, pristup njihovoj pripremi sve više podseća na pripremu sportiste. Rekreativno trčanje predstavlja bavljenje fizičkom aktivnošću - trčanjem, zarad uživanja u samom vežbanju, ali takođe i smanjenja rizika od štetnih efekata sedentarnog načina života, kao i poboljšanja psihofizičkog zdravlja i izgleda čoveka. Uslov za početak sprovođenja šestomesečne pripreme za prvi polumaraton, opisane u radu, jesu istrčana tri kilometra u kontinuitetu, bilo kojom brzinom. Metod U radu je korišćen deskriptivni metod i metod teorijske analize. Cilj ovog rada jeste da se da predlog plana i programa treninga za prvi polumaraton, u trajanju od šest meseci, u kome će sredstva, metode i opterećenja za razvoj izdržljivosti, biti u optimalnom međusobnom odnosu, prilagođena početnicima u trčanju. Rezultati sa diskusijom Kompletna priprema za polumaraton je predstavljena kroz jedan makrociklus, koji je podeljen na šest mezociklusa, u ukupnom trajanju od 24 mikrociklusa po 7 dana. Treninzi se odvijaju tri puta nedeljno u četiri zone prilagođene početnicima: oporavak (recovery); bazična izdržljivost (LSD – long slow distance); tempo; intervali. Prvi je mezociklus adaptacije, sledeća tri su razvojna, peti je takmičarski i šesti je mezociklus oporavka. Svaki poslednji mikrociklus u mezociklusu, namenjen je oporavku organizma. Prvi mezociklus obuhvata šest mikrociklusa, od kojih prvih pet imaju cilj da se sistemi organizma početnika postepeno adaptiraju na opterećenja koja slede, dok je poslednji mikrociklus namenjen oporavku. Naredna tri mezociklusa obuhvataju po četiri mikrociklusa, koja imaju cilj da se organizam adaptira na veća opterećenja. U ovim mezociklusima se nedeljni i obimi mezociklusa se postepeno povećavaju. Peti mezociklus je takmičarski i u poslednja dva mikrociklusa obim opterećenja smanjuje da bi vežbač odmoran nastupio na polumaratonskoj trci. Poslednji, šesti mezociklus, obuhvata dva mikrociklusa oporavka i praktično predstavlja prelazni period, nakon čega može početi sledeći makrociklus. Treninzi se odvijaju u zoni oporavka i bazične izdržljivosti. Zaključak Prilagođenom periodizacijom trenažnog procesa za prvi polumaraton, u trajanju od šest meseci, rekreativcima početnicima se može umnogome olakšati proces pripreme, smanjiti rizik od povreda i doprineti da se ciljana trka završi bez velikog opterećenja organizma. Ključne reči: trčanje, polumaraton, rekreacija, periodizacija Literatura Koprivica, V. (2013). Teorija sportskog treninga. Beograd: Izdanje autora. Stojiljković, S. i saradnici (2012). Personalni fitnes. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja i autor.
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EFFICIENCY OF THEORY AND METHODICS OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS
TEACHING IN DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS
Miljan Grbović1; Aleksandra Domanović1; Marko Ćosić1; Marija Grbović2; Milinko Dabović1 1 University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, Serbia Introduction Academic achievement is important for both, students and universities. The most important predictors of academic achievements are preparation for academic education, academic discipline and quality of teaching (Breakthrough collaborative` s research, 2009). The tendency towards increasing the quality of teaching and its efficiency is conditioned by several factors. The subject of the research is academic success on the practical teaching classes of Theory and methodic of artistic gymnastics in the context of increasing the quality of teaching and its efficiency. The aim of the research is to examine the differences in the academic performance of the last three generations of students in relation to the organizational model of practical teaching classes that they attended. Method The research is quantitative, non-experimental (causative-comparative) from the group of applied research. The independent variable was a model of the organization of practical teaching. Dependent variables made the total achieved success, as well as success achieved on individual test units expressed by the sum of the points scored. The sample of respondents consisted of the male students of the last three generation, who attended the practical classes on the subject and passed the practical part of the exam during the school year. The subsample of the youngest respondents (generation 20178/18) made n=42 students. The subsample of the elderly (generation 2016/17) and oldest (generation 2015/16) respondents made n=45 students. The youngest generation of students attended classes according to the changed organizational model of teaching, which was designed in order to increase its quality. For the statistical analysis of the examined differences, the variance analysis of the statistical package SPSS was used. Results with discussion The youngest group of respondents who attended classes according to a changed organizational model showed the highest success in the practical part of the exam in total and by segments. Most of the observed differences between the youngest and the other two groups of respondents are statistically significant. At the same time, only some differences in performance between the respondents of the two older groups are statistically significant. Such results indicate that the organizational model of teaching attended by the youngest generation of students could influence the appearance of differences in the performance of the respondents. Conclusion It was concluded that the organizational model of teaching attended by the youngest generation of students has the potential to increase teaching efficiency and academic performance in most of the teaching segments of the course. Keywords: academic achievement, efficiency of academic teaching, organization of academic teaching, academic teaching of artistic gymnastics Literature Clarke, M. (2002): Some Guidelines for Academic Quality Rankings. Higher Education in Europe, 27 (4): 443-459. Dill, D.D., Soo, M. (2005): Academic quality, league tables, and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems. Higher Education 49 (4): 495–533.
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EFIKASNOST NASTAVE TEORIJE I METODIKE SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE U
RAZLIČITIM MODELIMA ORGANIZACIJE
Miljan Grbović1; Aleksandra Domanović1; Marko Ćosić1; Marija Grbović2; Milinko Dabović1 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija 2 Fakultet za menadžment, Sremski Karlovci, Srbija Uvod Akademska uspešnost važna je i studentima i univerzitetima. Najvažniji prediktori akademske uspešnosti su priprema za akademsko obrazovanje, akademska disciplina i kvalitet nastave (Breakthrough collaborative`s research, 2009). Težnju ka povećanju kvaliteta nastave i njene efikasnosti uslovljava više faktora. Predmet istraživanja je akademska uspešnost na praktičnoj nastavi Teorije i metodike sportske gimnastike u kontekstu povećanja kvaliteta nastave i njene efikasnosti. Cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje razlika u akademskoj uspešnosti poslednje tri generacije studenata u odnosu na organizacioni model praktične nastave koju su pohađali. Metod Istraživanje je kvantitativno, neeksperimentalno (uzročno-komparativno) iz grupe primenjenih istraživanja. Nezavisnu varijablu činio je model organizacije praktične nastave. Zavisne varijable činio je ukupno postignut uspeh, kao i uspeh postignut na pojedinim ispitnim celinama izražen zbirom osvojenih poena. Uzorak ispitanika činili su studenti muškog pola poslednje tri generacije, koji su odslušali praktičnu nastavu na predmetu i položili praktični deo ispita u toku školske godine. Subuzorak najmlađih ispitanika (generacija 20178/18; n=42) ispitanika. Subuzorak starijih (generacija 2016/17) i najstarijih (generacija 2015/16) studenata činilo je n=45 ispitanika. Najmlađa generacija studenata pohađala je nastavu po izmenjenom organizacionom modelu nastave, koji je osmišljen u cilju povećanja njenog kvaliteta. Za statističku analizu ispitivanih razlika, korišćena je analiza varijanse statističkog programa SPSS. Rezultati sa diskusijom Najmlađa grupa ispitanika, koja je pohađala nastavu po izmenjenom organizacionom modelu, pokazala je najveću uspešnost na praktičnom delu ispita ukupno i po segmentima. Većina uočenih razlika između najmlađe i druge dve grupe ispitanika je i statistički značajna. Istovremeno, samo pojedine razlike u uspešnosti između ispitanika dve starije grupe su statistički značajne. Takvi rezultati ukazuju da je organizacioni model nastave koju je pohađala najmlađa generacija studenata, mogao uticati na pojavu razlika u uspešnosti ispitanika. Zaključak Zaključeno je da organizacioni model nastave koju je pohađala najmlađa generacija studenata ima potencijal da poveća efikasnost nastave i akademsku uspešnost u većini segmenata nastave na predmetu. Ključne reči: akademska uspešnost, efikasnost akademske nastave, organizacija akademske nastave Literatura Clarke, M. (2002): Some Guidelines for Academic Quality Rankings. Higher Education in Europe, 27 (4): 443-459. Dill, D.D., Soo, M. (2005): Academic quality, league tables, and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems. Higher Education 49 (4): 495–533.
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STUDENTS' INTEREST IN SPORT-RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Mladen Stanković1; Božo Bokan2; Miloš Marković2; Sandra Radenović2 1 Student of PhD studies at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Student interests are different and depend on each individual, but what is common to all students is motion. In order to satisfy their need for motion, which, due to today's way of life, is increasingly neglected, students, regardless of faculty department, should have regular physical activity during their studies. Method The research involved a total of 120 first year students from various faculties in Belgrade, 60 male students and 60 female students. In the research was used survey technique, instrument - a questionnaire for students, which is filled in at the faculty that they attend. The questionnaire was taken from the dissertation Bokan, B. (1985), and the survey was related to their interests in various fields of work. In total, there were 30 interests that students needed to assess with grade from one to five. All results were processed using the basic descriptive statistics. Results with discussion Student interests are very vivid. This volume of interest ranges from 91.2% for sports and recreational activity to the lowest interest in religion, for which is 6.2%. Among male students, besides sporting and recreational activities, the most interesting are sex activities (87.1%), humor (81.1%) and traveling (77.5). The interest of female students is also various, as of mail students. They have the highest affinity for traveling (87.2%), followed by sports-recreational activities (78.2%). As for the least interest, there are some similarities to male students. When it comes to religion (7.9%), as well as the life style of hippies (7.7%), but what is low on female students, and not among male students is agriculture (7.8%). Conclusion There are three interests that are dominant, when we look at the common results of male students and female students, which are: interest in travel, humor and sports and recreational. Men's students also have high-level of sexual interest. Keywords: students, interests, sports and recreational activities References Bokan, B. (1985): Extracurricular activities of students in physical education in contemporary pedagogical theory and practice (doctoral dissertation). Belgrade: Faculty of Physical Education, University of Belgrade. Visnjic, D., Jovanovic, A., and Miletic, K. (2004): Theory and Methods of Physical Education, Belgrade: Faculty of Sports of the Physical Education
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INTERESOVANJE STUDENATA ZA SPORTSKO-REKREATIVNE AKTIVNOSTI
Mladen Stanković1; Božo Bokan2; Miloš Marković2; Sandra Radenović2 1 Student doktorskih studija Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija 2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Interesovanja studenata su različita, ona zavise od samoga pojedinca, ali ono što je zajedničko za sve studente je kretanje. Da bi zadovoljili svoju potrebu za kretanjem, koja je zbog današnjeg načina života sve više zapostavljena, studenti bez obzira na usmerenje bi trebalo da imaju redovnu fizičku aktivnost za vreme svoga studiranja. Metod U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 120 studenata prve godine sa različitih fakulteta u Beogradu, 60 studenata i 60 studentkinja. U istraživanju je korišćena tehnika anketiranja, instrument- upitnik za studente koji su popunjavali na fakultetu koji pohađaju. Upitnik je preuzet iz disertacije Bokan, B. (1985), a anketa je bila vezana za njihova interesovanja u različitim oblastima rada. Ukupno je bilo 30 interesovanja koje je trebalo da studenti procene ocenom od jedan do pet. Svi rezultati su obrađeni uz primenu osnovne deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati sa diskusijom Interesovanja studenata su vrlo šarolika. Taj obim interesovanja se kreće od 91,2% za sportsko-rekreativnu aktivnost pa sve do najnižeg interesovanja za religiju koje iznosi 6,2%. Kod studenata najviše interesovanja pored sportsko-rekreativnih aktivnosti su za seksualne aktivnosti (87,1%), za humor (81,1%) i putovanja (77,5). Interesovanja studentkinja su takođe šarolika, kao što je utvrđeno i kod studenata. One najviše afiniteta imaju za putovanja (87,2%), a zatim slede sportsko-rekretivne aktivnosti (78,2%). Što se tiče najmanje zainteresovanosti, ima nekih sličnosti kao kod studenata.Kada je reč o religiji (7,9%), kao i stilu života hipi (7,7%), a ono što je nisko kotirano kod studentkinja, a nije kod studenata je interesovanje za poljoprivredu (7,8%). Zaključak Tri interesovanja su dominantna, kada se vide zajednički rezultati studenata i studentkinja, a to su: interesovanja za putovanjem, za humor i sportsko-rekreativna. Kod studenata se jako visoko kotira i seksualno interesovanje. Ključne reči: studenti, interesovanja, sportsko-rekreativne aktivnosti Literatura Bokan, B. (1985): Vančasovne aktivnosti učenika u fizičkom vaspitanju u savremenoj pedagoškoj teoriji i praksi (doktorska disertacija). Beograd: Fakultet za fizičko vaspitanje Univerziteta u Beogradu. Višnjić, D., Jovanović, A., i Miletić, K. (2004): Teorija i metodika fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.
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APPLICATION OF FOLK AND SOCIAL DANCE ATTITUDE SCALES IN
ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS
Ružena Popović¹; Tijana Purenović-Ivanović¹; Marija Pavlović²; Milan Dolga³; Jasna Popović4 1 University of Nis, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia 2 Primary School “Vladika Nikolaj Velimirović”, Valjevo, Serbia 3 “Smart Line” - Agency for Multivariate Data Analysis, Novi Sad, Serbia Introduction It is generally accepted that the educational value of dance lies predominantly in its contribution to aesthetic development, but little is known about pubescent and adolescent attitudes to dance as an aesthetic experience and how these may vary with age and their environment. The aim of this study was to estimate and to compare perceived difference in elementary school girls and rhythmic gymnasts’ perceptions on folk and social dance attitudes scales. Method The total sample of examinees includes three sub-samples: female pupils of inner-city (n=89) and suburban school in Serbia (n=90), aged 7-15, and the sample of rhythmic gymnasts (n=131), from different, mostly large urban cities, of the same age (7-15). The data were collected by using a questionnaire, assessing perceptions of the importance of particular segments on folk and social dance scales. The examinees responded to the items by rating the importance of each scale on modified Likert-type scale, with the possibility of three modalities of statements. Results with discussion Statistical Data Procession with MANOVA and DISCRA have shown no significant differences among three sub-samples (p=.124) while the age differences were confirmed on significant level (p=.000). Conclusion This study was designed to provide specific information concerning different types of dances provided within physical education classes, sport specific classes, considering cultural and social background and age of respondents. Keywords: dances, attitudes scales, school girls, rhythmic gymnasts References Sanderson, P. (1996). Dance within the National Curriculum for Physical Education of England and Wales. European Physical Education Review, 2 (1), 54–63. Sanderson, P. (2001). Age and Gender issues in adolescent attitudes to dance. European Physical Education Review, 7 (2), 117–136.
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DANCE COMPONENTS IN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Snežana Radisavljević Janić; Sanja Mandarić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction As an ability to express certain feelings, thoughts, events and imagination by means of movement, dance represents a physical activity contributing to the development and improvement of motor abilities, acquisition and improvement of motor skills and general intertopical competence (aesthetical competence). The basic characteristic of dances is the fact that they create a possibility for influencing the mental and physical status components of a person by applying simple and complex movement structures to music. The aim of the research was to determine the place and role of dance programme components in the primary school physical education programme within the educational system of the Republic of Serbia. Method Four physical education programmes for primary schools are as follows: Physical and Health Education Programme (1984), Physical Education Programme (1990), Physical Education Programme (2004), and Physical and Health Education Programme (2017). The programmes have been analysed in relation to the following variables: name, components, components depending on the gender, planned class load, instructions for the implementation of programme components and minimum educational requirements. Results with discussion By analysing the primary school physical education programme, the place and role of the dance programme components in them have been examined. Under different names, dances in the programmes are associated with the components of rhythmic gymnastics. Those programmes envisage folk dances also known as “kolo” as well as dances typical for the area where the school is situated, while certain programmes for senior pupils also include ballroom dances. The Programmes from 1984 and 1990 for senior pupils envisage dance components only for female pupils. Separate classes for dances are not envisaged expect in the 2017 Programme with a class load of a total of four classes. It has been found that all programmes have minimum educational requirements but there are no instructions for implementing dance programme components. On the other hand, the 2017 Programme has educational outcomes as well. Conclusion Dance components can be found in all programmes but with minimum presence components of rhythmic gymnastics and connection with them. A great drawback of all programmes is the lack of instructions for their implementation. More effort needs to be invested so that dance, as a specific activity, could take the place in the physical education which belongs to it. Keywords: folk dances, primary school, physical education programme References Mattssona, T. & Lundvallb, S. (2013). The position of dance in physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 2-17, doi: 10.1080/13573322.2013.837044 Sanderson, P. (1996). Dance within the National Curriculum for Physical Education of England and Wales. European Physical Educatio Review, 2(1), 54-63.
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SADRŽAJI PLESOVA U PROGRAMU FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA
OBRAZOVNO-VASPITNOG SISTEMA REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Snežana Radisavljević Janić; Sanja Mandarić Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Plesovi kao sposobnost izražavanja određenih osećanja, misli, doživljaja i mašte posredstvom pokreta, predstavljaju fizičku aktivnost koja doprinosi razvoju i usavršavanju motoričkih sposobnosti, usvajanju i usavršavanju motoričkih veština i opštoj međupredmetnoj kompetenciji (estetička kompetencija). Osnovna karakteristika plesova je, da se primenom prostih i složenih kretnih struktura uz muziku, stvara mogućnost uticaja na komponente psihofizičkog statusa pojedinca. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi mesto i uloga programskih sadržaja plesova u programu fizičkog vaspitanja za osnovne škole obrazovno-vaspitnog sistema Republike Srbije. Metod U radu su analizirana četiri programa fizičkog vaspitanja za osnovnu školu: Program fizičkog i zdravstvenog vaspitanja (1984), Program fizičkog vaspitanja (1990), Program fizičkog vaspitanja (2004), i Program fizičkog i zdravstvenog vaspitanja (2017). Programi su analizirani u odnosu na sledeće varijable: naziv, sadržaj, sadržaji u odnosu na pol, predviđeni fond časova, uputstvo za realizaciju programskih sadržaja i minimalni obrazovni zahtevi. Rezultati sa diskusijom Analizom programa fizičkog vaspitanja za osnovnu školu, sagledano je mesto i uloga programskih sadržaja plesova u njima. Plesovi su u programima, pod različitim nazivima, povezani sa sadržajima ritmičke gimnastike. Sadržajima su predviđena narodna kola, kao i plesovi iz kraja u kojem se škola nalazi, dok su u pojedinim programima starijih razreda zastupljeni i društveni plesovi. U programima iz 1984. i 1990. u starijim razredima programski sadržaji plesova su predviđeni samo za učenice. Nisu predviđeni posebni časovi za plesove, osim u programu za 2017. sa fondom od četiri časa. Uočeno je da u svim programima postoje minimalni obrazovni zahtevi ali ne postoje uputstva za realizaciju programskih sadržaja iz plesova, dok u programu iz 2017. postoje i obrazovni ishodi. Zaključak Plesni sadržaji zastupljeni su u svim programima, ali sa minimalnom zastupljenošću i povezanošću sa sadržajima ritmičke gimnastike. Veliki nedostatak svih programa je nepostojanje uputstva za njihovu realizaciju. Neophodno je uložiti više napora kako bi plesovi, kao specifična aktivnost, zauzeli mesto koje im u fizičkom vaspitanju pripada. Ključne reči: narodni plesovi, osnovna škola, program fizičkog vaspitanja Literatura Mattssona, T. & Lundvallb, S. (2013). The position of dance in physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 2-17, doi: 10.1080/13573322.2013.837044
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REALIZATION RATE OF GYMNASTICS PROGRAM DETERMINED BY THE
CURRICULUM ON PE CLASSES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Sonja Kocić Pajić1; Marko Erak2; Marko Medak2; Vladimir Barać3 1 Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade 2 Gymnastics club “DIF”, Belgrade 3 University of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts, Belgrade Introduction Exercises on gymnastic apparatus and floor, as primary content from the program of development gymnastics, are present in the large amount in the curriculum of elementary schools. If we consider the critical periods of development, of certain motor abilities (Živčić Marković, 2010;), that raises the value of using them, especially in the earlier grades. Some earlier researches show inconsistency of the realization of gymnastics content in elementary schools (Stamatović, 2011). Reasons why gymnastic contents are not realized in the rate that is pre – determined by the curriculum, opinions and attitudes of teachers about why the situation in schools is like that, are the subject of this work. The goal of this work, was to determine the causes of inappropriate realization of gymnastics program determined by the curriculum, in elementary schools. Method A survey study was conducted with a goal to explain the cause – and – effect connections between available gymnastic equipment at schools, expertise and will of teachers to conduct the gymnastics program and motivation of students to do them on PE classes. The sample included 30 PE teachers from different elementary schools in Belgrade, Smederevo, Pozarevac, Nis and Bor, who had more than 10 years of work experience as PE teachers. A questionnaire was constructed, 15 questions of closed or mixed type with two or more given answers. All variables were analyzed with standard descriptive procedures. Distribution of frequencies and it’s percentage are shown. Data was processed in Excel 2016. Results with discussion It was concluded, based on the conducted questionnaire, that the rate of realization of gymnastic program is really low. Most of the time, the program is not conducted in the earlier grades as well as elements on high bar and parallel bars in all grades. Gymnastic apparatus are nearly non – existent, and if there are, they are either in bad condition or unusable. Even if most of the teachers, except those in the earlier grades due to lack of expertise, show will and interest in realization of the gymnastics program, the results show unwillingness of students to do gymnastic elements on gymnastic apparatus. Conclusion The problem of low rate of realization of exercises on gymnastic apparatus and floor, as primary content from the program of development gymnastics, determined by the curriculum, could be alleviated by including a PE teacher, instead of regular teachers in earlier grades of elementary school, as well as improving the continuous education of students and their parents of importance of physical education, especially of the influence of gymnastic elements on proper growth and development of children’s organism. Keywords: physical education, gymnastic equipment, teaching process, curriculum, physical exercise, exercises on apparatus and floor References Živčić Marković, K. (2010). Role and importance of gymnastics in class teachings. Compendium of work of Medjimursk University of Cakovac, 1 (2), 113 – 121. Stamatović, M., Šekeljić, G. (2011). Efficiency of physical education classes in 4th grade of elementary school and teacher expertise. Class and education, 60 (4), 703 – 717.
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STEPEN REALIZACIJE SADRŽAJA PROGRAMA SPORTSKE GIMNASTIKE NA
ČASOVIMA FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA U OSNOVNOJ ŠKOLI
Sonja Kocić Pajić1; Marko Erak2; Marko Medak2; Vladimir Barać3 1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu 2 Gimnastički klub „DIF“, Beograd 3 Fakultet dramskih umetnosti, Univerzitet umetnosti, Beograd
Uvod Vežbe na tlu i spravama, kao osnovni sadržaji iz razvojnog programa sportske gimnastike, zastupljeni su u velikom obimu u nastavnom programu fizičkog vaspitanja u okviru osnovnog školskog obrazovanja. To ističe značaj primene sredstava iz ove sportske aktivnosti kod dece, posebno u najmlađem školskom uzrastu, s obzirom na senzitivne faze razvoja pojedinih sposobnosti (Živčić Marković, 2010). Neka dosadašnja istraživanja ukazala su na nedoslednost u realizaciji programskih sadržaja u praksi (Stamatović, 2011). Predmet ovog rada predstavljaju razlozi zbog kojih se sadržaji sportske gimnastike ne realizuju u meri u kojoj je to predviđeno planom i programom, kao i mišljenja i stavovi nastavnika o tome, zbog čega je situacija u školama takva. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrde uzroci nedovoljne realizacije programa vežbi na spravama i tlu u svim razredima osnovne škole. Metod Sprovedena je Survey studija, sa ciljem da se objasne uzročno-posledične veze između opremljenosti škola, stručnosti i volje nastavnika i motivisanosti učenika. Uzorak je obuhvatio 30 nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja iz različitih osnovnih škola u Beogradu, Smederevu, Požarevcu, Nišu i Boru, koji su imali preko 10 godina radnog staža. Konstruisan je upitnik od 15 pitanja, zatvorenog ili kombinovanog tipa sa dva ili više ponuđenih odgovora. Sve varijable su analizirane standardnim deskriptivnim postupcima. Prikazana je distribucija frekvencija i njen procentualni odnos. Podaci su obrađeni u Excel-u 2016. Rezultati sa diskusijom Na osnovu sprovedenog upitnika utvrđeno je da je stepen realizacije sadržaja vežbi na spravama i tlu veoma nizak. Najčešće se program rada ne sprovodi u dovoljnoj meri u nižim razredima, kao ni na upornim i visećim spravama u svim razredima. Sprave i rekviziti za vežbe na spravama i tlu gotovo da ne postoje, a ako ih ima, većina ih je u lošem stanju ili neupotrebljiva. Iako većina nastavnika obuhvaćenih upitnikom, osim u razredima najmlađeg školskog uzrasta zbog nedovoljne kompetentnosti, pokazuje želju i zainteresovanost za realizaciju nastave iz programa sportske gimnastike, rezultati ukazuju na nedovoljnu zainteresovanost za rad od strane učenika. Zaključak Problem nedovoljne realizacije vežbi na tlu i spravama iz razvojnog programa sportske gimnastike mogao bi biti ublažen uključivanjem nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja, umesto učitelja, u rad sa učenicima u najmlađim razredima osnovne škole, kao i radom na kontinuiranoj edukaciji učenika i njihovih roditelja o značaju fizičkog vežbanja, a posebno primene gimnastičkih sadržaja na pravilan rast i razvoj organizma dece. Ključne reči: fizičko vaspitanje, gimnastičke sprave, nastavni proces, plan i program, fizičko vežbanje, vežbe na spravama i tlu Literatura Živčić Marković, K. (2010). Uloga i značaj sportske gimnastike u razrednoj nastavi. Zbornik radova Međimurskog veleučilišta u Čakovcu, 1(2), 113-121. Stamatović, M., i Šekeljić, G. (2011). Efikasnost nastave fizičkog vaspitanja u IV razredu osnovne škole i stručna osposobljenost nastavnika. Nastava i vaspitanje, 60 (4), 703-717.
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IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT DANCING –CARDIORESPIRATORY REQUIREMENTS AND DANCE PERFORMANCE
Stipo Dajaković1; Tamara Despot2 1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia 2 Dinamo, Zagreb, Croatia
Introduction All dance expressions consist of choreographed dance elements that are danced at a certain rhythm, pace and duration, and choreographies are repeated or following each other. Different dance expression requires different levels of physical preparation (Angioi, 2010). In Dance Sport, Latin American dances are physiologically more demanding than ballroom and 10 dances, especially for female dancers (Liiv et al., 2014). The aim of the research is to determine the differences in the energy capacities of dancers of different dance expressions.
Method The subject sample consisted of 25 folk dances both sexes (mean age 39.02±9.56; high 173.90±8.89; weight 74.85±12.01), 21 Dance Sport dancers both sexes (mean age 20.89±4.83; high 172.74±9.60; weight 63.08±10.10) and 9 acrobatic R’n’R dancers both sexes (mean age 18.00±1.39; high 168.84±9.66; weight 62.70±9.78). The all subject performed incremental treadmill test for estimating aerobic capacity. Variables that are measured was peak velocity attained in test (F1Brzmax), velocity at anaerobic threshold (F1BrzVT), maximum heart rate attained (F1HRmax), heart rate at anaerobic threshold (F1HRVT) and maximum oxygen uptake (F1VO2; F1RVO2). ANOVA (Tukey HSD test) was used for statistical data processing (p<0.05) Results with discussion In variables F1Brzmax, F1BrzVT and F1RVO2 statistically significant differences were found between Dance Sport and folk dance (p<0.05), while between acrobatic R’n’R and folk dance, and acrobatic R’n’R and Dance Sport there is no statistically significant difference. In variables F1HRmax and F1HRVT statistically significant differences were found between Dance Sport and folk dance, and between acrobatic R’n’R and folkdance, while there is no statistically significant difference between Dance Sport and acrobatic R’n’R (p>0.05). In variable F1VO2 there are no statistically significant differences between dances. Conclusion Acrobatic R'n'R and Dance Sport are in the competition system and for their success an aerobic capacity is extremely important. In acrobatic R’n’R and Dance Sport special attention is paid to the proper planning and programming of the dancers' training process oriented to the development of aerobic capacity, while in folk dance, there is great focus on the technical performance and harmony of all dancers. If you strive to optimize dance training, defining the aerobic capacity of dancers of different dance expressions is indispensable. It is extremely important to precisely plan and program the aerobic part of R'n'R dancer training and Dance Sport to achieve all the potentials needed for success. Keywords: aerobic capacity, dance Sport, performance References Angioi, M. (2010). Evaluation of physical fitness in relation to performance and injury severity in contemporary dance. [Thesis]. University of Wolverhampton.
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RACE WALKING AS A MOVING FITNESS ACTIVITY
Vladimir Pokrajčić1; Martina Rezić1; Vladimir Jakovljević2; Gorana Tešanović2 2 University of Banja LukaUniverzitet u Banjoj Luci, Faculty of Physical Education and sport, Bosnia and Hercegovina 1 University of Mostar, Faculty of Philosophy and Humanity, Bosnia and Hercegovina Introduction Participation in sports recreation increases the level of motor abilities, which is a direct contribution to the quality of life (Jurakić i Andrijašević, 2012). Since the free time is significant for the quality of life, and the way of spending a free time is in direct relation with the indicators of life quality (Perasović i Bartoluci, 2008), it is desirable to find new moving structures that have a whole positive effect on the organism. Method The aim of the study was to determine, on a sample of 17 male examinees (9-experimental, 8 control group) and 21 female respondents (11-experimental, 10-control group), possibility of 12 weeks of race walking to improve mobility, stability and changes in the body composition, in order to eliminate the asymmetry of extremities and for mass application in group fitness programs and recreational sports activities. The effectiveness of the program was checked by determining the functional fitness indices – fitness index (2 km UKK test), basal metabolism, while the effects of program were determined based on changes in the body composition variables (percentage of fat tissue – FAT, FAT segmental, impedance, muscle mass – MM) and the effects on mobility based on the FMS method. Results with discussion After 12 weeks of implementation of race walking program, using the T-test for independent samples, the results showed improvement in male experimental group: fitness index (t=4.750; p=0.001), basal metabolism (t=-2.438; 0.041), FMS (t=-4.359; p=0.001), fat of the upper extremities (left t=4.940; p=0.001; right t=4.220; p=0.003), circumference of the forearm (t=9.540; p=0.000), circumference of the abdomen (t=8.580; p=0.000), circumference of the thigh (t=12.824; p=0.000) and the muscle mass (t=9.410; p=0.000) relative to the control group. After the implementation of experimental race walking program, the results showed improvement in female experimental group: fitness index (t=7.580; p=0.000), FMS (t=-5.229; p=0.000), fat of the lower limbs (left t=5.125; p=0.003; right t=4.099; p=0.0015), trunk fat (t=6.521; p=0.000), total fat (t=7.232; p=0.000), circumference of the abdomen (t=6.780; p=0.000), thigh circumference (t=11.884; p=0.000) and muscle mass (t=9.750; p=0.000)relative to the control group. Conclusion According to the results, implementation of the race walking as a moving activity in the group fitness programs has a positive effects on functional abilities, body composition and the asymmetry of extremities both in the male and female population, thus the possibility of its wider application can be considered. Keywords: moving activity, race walking, fitness References Jurakić, D. i Andrijašević, M. (2012). Mjerenje tjelesne aktivnosti kao sastavnica izrade strategija za unapređenje zdravlja. U: Findak, V. (ur.). Stanje i perspektiva razvoja u područjima edukacije, sporta, sportske rekreacije i kineziterapije. Zagreb: Hrvatski kineziološki savez, 2008, 296-303. Perasović, B. i Bartoluci, S. (2008). Slobodno vrijeme i kvaliteta života mladih. U M. Andrijašević (ur.), Zbornik radova: Kineziološka rekreacija i kvaliteta života, Zagreb, 2008 (str. 15-24). Zagreb: Kineziološki fakultet.
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SPORTSKO HODANJE KAO KRETNA AKTIVNOST U FITNES-U
Vladimir Pokrajčić1; Martina Rezić1; Vladimir Jakovljević2; Gorana Tešanović2 2 Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina 1 Sveučilište u Mostaru, Fakultet prirodoslovno matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti, Bosna i Hercegovina Uvod Učestvovanjem u sportskoj rekreaciji povećava se nivo motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti, što je direktan doprinos kvaliteti života (Jurakić i Andrijašević, 2012). Budući da je slobodno vrijeme značajno za kvalitetu života, a način provođenja slobodnog vremena u izravnoj vezi s pokazateljima kvalitete života (Perasović i Bartoluci, 2008), poželjno je iznalaziti nove kretne strukture koje imaju cjelokupan pozitivan uticaj na organizam. Metod Cilj istraživanja bio je, na uzorku od 17 ispitanika muške (9-eksperimentalna grupa, 8-kontrolna grupa) i 21 ispitanica ženske (11–eksperimentalna, 10–kontrolna grupa) populacije, utvrditi mogućnost djelovanja 12 sedmica sportskog hodanja na poboljšanje mobilnosti, stabilnosti i na promjene kompozicije tijela, radi otklanjanja asimetrije ekstremiteta i radi masovne primjene u grupnim fitnes programima i sportsko-rekreativnim aktivnostima. Efikasnost programa provjerena je utvrđivanjem pokazatelja funkcionalnih sposobnosti – fitnes index (2km UKK test), bazalni metabolizam, dok su efekti djelovanja programa utvrđeni na osnovu promjena varijabli tjelesne kompozicije tijela (postotak masnog tkiva – FAT, FAT segmentarno, impedanca, mišićna masa - MM), a efekti na pokretljivost i mobilnost na osnovu FMS metode. Rezultati sa diskusijom Nakon provedenih 12 sedmica programa sportskog hodanja, primjenom T-testa za nezavisne uzorke kod ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe muškog pola utvrdilo se da je došlo je do poboljšanja rezultata: fitnes indexa (t=4,750 p=0,001), bazalni metabolizam (t=-2,438 p=0,041), FMS (t=-4,359 p=0,002), fat gornjih ekstremiteta (lijevi t=4,940 p=0,001; desni t=4,220 p=0,003), obim podlaktice (t=9,540 p=0,000), obim trbuha (t=8,580 p=0,000), obim natkoljenice (t=12,284 p=0,000) i mišićna masa (t=9,410 p=0,000) u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Nakon provedenog eksperimentalnog programa sportskog hodanja, kod ispitanica eksperimentalne grupe ženskog pola došlo je do poboljšanja rezultata: fitnes indexa (t=7,580 p=0,000), FMS (t=-5,229 p=0,000), fat donji ekstremiteta (lijevi t=5,125 p=0,003; desni t=4,099 p=0,015), fat trup (t=6,521 p=0,000), fat ukupno (t=7,232 p=0,000), obim trbuha (t=6,780 p=0,000), obim natkoljenice (t=11,884 p=0,000) i mišićna masa (t=9,750 p=0,000) u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Zaključak Prema rezultatima primjena sportskog hodanja kao kretne aktivnosti u programu grupnih fitnes programa ima pozitivne efekte na funkcionalne sposobnosti, kompoziciju tijela i na asimetriju ekstremiteta i kod muške i kod ženske populacije, te se može razmotriti mogućnost njegove šire primjene. Ključne reči: kretne aktivnosti, sportsko hodanje, fitnes Literatura Jurakić, D. i Andrijašević, M. (2012). Mjerenje tjelesne aktivnosti kao sastavnica izrade strategija za unapređenje zdravlja. U: Findak, V. (ur.). Stanje i perspektiva razvoja u područjima edukacije, sporta, sportske rekreacije i kineziterapije. Zagreb: Hrvatski kineziološki savez, 2008, 296-303. Perasović, B. i Bartoluci, S. (2008). Slobodno vrijeme i kvaliteta života mladih. U M. Andrijašević (ur.), Zbornik radova: Kineziološka rekreacija i kvaliteta života, Zagreb, 2008 (str. 15-24). Zagreb: Kineziološki fakultet.
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Bio-medical aspects of physical activity application
Biomedicinski aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti
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SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL DEMANDS OF JUDO ATHLETES
Aleksa Grbović; Marina Đorđević-Nikić1 1 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Nutrition has a crucial influence on physical and mental performance especially for elite combat sports athletes, appropriate body composition, specifically high percent of muscle tissue, is considered as key component for optimal performance. Judokas undergo heavy stress in training that dictates the changes in physiological response and their specific nutritional demands. The aim of this paper is to give useful advice regarding the nutritional requirements of Judo athletes bearing in mind the physiological demands of Judo as a sport. Method Analysis of available, relevant literature. Results with discussion Judo is a dynamic, physically demanding sport, characterized by short duration, and high intensity (Degoutte, et al., 2003), which demands a high level of strength and stamina. Judokas present highly developed anaerobic and aerobic power and capacity, flexibility and low levels of body fat. During the match (limited to 4 min.), combatants fight at full intensity right from the start. In such case, strength and technique are the most dominant abilities and key factors for achieving victory. (Bratić, et al., 2005). With such match and training features, judo fighters are required to consume high amounts of fast burning energy. As Judo requires maintaining significant muscle mass and low fat component, food intake plan represents a major problem, especially during competition season. In fact, weight categories in combat sports require carefully controlled nutritional intake, so that the sportsmen wouldn’t jeopardize their body weight and body composition, and overstep to the higher category as a result Considering that training and competition are demanding activities, judokas in prep period should focus on gaining muscle mass through strength training, which should be accompanied by nutritional intake of protein and carbohydrates. In competition period judo athletes tend to elevate glycogen levels in their muscles but at the same time follow restrictive diet, in order to bring their body fat levels as low as possible. Such nutritional intake requires careful planning in accordance with training period, without risking the athlete’s health without endangering sport performance. Conclusion Optimal nutrition requires better and deeper understanding of particular types of sports, athlete's current stage of training and individual needs. Trainer must be familiar and educated in the fields of Theory of sports training, Sport Physiology and Nutritional demands of certain sports, in order to successfully plan the training process. All elite sportsmen should follow the typical regulations of a healthy diet. Right nutritional knowledge and healthy habits will an athlete keep his sport form and overall health. Keywords: nutritional needs, judo, elite athletes References Degoutte F., Jouanel P., Filaire E. (2003). Energy demands during a judo match and recovery. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 3, 245-249. Bratić M., Nurkić M., Kasum G. (2005), Research on the effects of resistance training on the special strength of judoist. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Gymnica, 35, 2, 51-57.
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SPECIFIČNE NUTRITIVNE POTREBE DŽUDISTA
Aleksa Grbović; Marina Đorđević-Nikić1 1Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Ishrana ima veliki značaj za postizanje visokih fizičkih i mentalnih performansi kod elitnih sportista u borilačkim sportovima, jer se odgovarajuća telesna kompozicija i visok procenat mis ic nog tkiva, smatraju glavnim uslovom za postizanje vrhunskog sportskog rezultata. S obzirom na to džudisti su pod ozbiljnijim trenažnim stresom koji diktira fiziološke promene unutar organizma, a time i specifične potrebe u ishrani. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se u kontekstu specifičnih trenažnih zahteva pripremnog i takmičarskog perioda predstave nutritivni zahtevi i preporuke kod džudista. Metod U radu je korišćena analiza dostupne, relevantne literature. Rezultati sa diskusijom Džudo je dinamičan, fizički zahtevan sport koji karakterišu kratko trajanje i visok intenzitet aktivnosti (Degoutte i sar. 2003), što zahteva ispoljavanje velike snage i izdržljivosti. Džudiste odlikuje veoma visoko razvijena anaerobna snaga i aerobni kapacitet, uz fleksibilnost i nizak nivo telesnih masti. Tokom mec a, koji je ogranic en na 4 minute, borbe se vode punim intenzitetom, a pored tehnike, snaga je najdominantnija sposobnost i kljuc ni faktor za pobedu (Bratic , et al., 2005). Ovakve odlike meča ili treninga zahtevaju od sportiste da unosi nutrijente koje odlikuje brzo dostupna energija. Zahtevi džudoa, u smislu održavanja čiste mišične mase, a male količine telesnih masti, predstavlja glavni problem pri planiranju ishrane, naročito u periodu takmičenja. Naime, težinske kategorije u borilačkim sportovima zahtevaju pažljivo kontrolisani unos nutrijenata, kako sportisti ne bi ugrozili telesnu kompoziciju i podigli telesnu težinu, a time prešli u višu kategoriju. Imajuc i u vidu da su treninzi i takmic enja veoma zahtevne aktivnosti, u pripremnom periodu, naglasak je na povec anju mis ic ne mase putem treninga snage, s to treba da bude praćeno adekvatnim unosom proteina i ugljenih hidrata. U periodu takmičenja džudisti trebaju da teže održanju visokog nivoa glikogena u mis ic ima, uz istovremeno ogranic enje unosa masti. Zbog ovakvih zahteva, nutritivni unos džudista se mora pažljivo planirati u skladu sa trenažnim periodom, kako bi se izbegli rizici po zdravlje, a održala vrhunska sportska forma. Zaključak Adekvatna ishrana džudiste zahteva dobro poznavanje specifičnih zahteva određenog sporta, aktuelne faze treninga i individualnih potreba. Trener treba dobro da poznaje teoriju sportskog treninga, sportsku fiziologiju i nutritivne zahteve određenog sporta, kako bi se obezbedilo uspešno sprovođenje trenažnog programa. Elitni sportisti treba da slede preporuke zdrave i uravnotežene ishrane. Adekvatno znanje i pravilne navike u ishrani, doprineće optimalnoj formi i zdravlju sportiste . Ključne reči: nutritivne potrebe, džudo, vrhunski sportisti Literatura Degoutte F., Jouanel P., Filaire E. (2003). Energy demands during a judo match and recovery. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 3, 245-249. Bratić M., Nurkić M., Kasum G. (2005), Research on the effects of resistance training on the special strength of judoist. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Gymnica, 35, 2, 51-57.
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FOOT DEFORMITIES IN BALLET SCHOOL STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONAL
BALLET PLAYERS
Aleksandra Popović; Vanja Mijajlović; Branka Marković; Lidija Moskovljević Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Belgrade, Serbia Introduction The ballet is an artistic dance form where precise and highly formalized steps and positions within ballet choreography are required. A long-term, hardworking exercise which often leads to the physical overload especially of the lower limbs - feet particularly, is necessary in order to achieve it. In time it may bring foot injuries and development of deformities. Method The aim of this research was to determine the foot status and the presence of foot deformities in ballet school students and professional ballet dancers. Foot examination was performed using plantography. The presence of the foot deformities was diagnosed by the analysis of the obtained plantograms using Mayer method, by observation method and on the basis of the data obtained through the questionnaire. Results with discussion In this research, 31 male and female ballet dancers were examined – 20 male and female students from Luj Davičo ballet school and 11 male and female professional ballet dancers from National Theater in Belgrade. The most of participants (17 subjects, 54.83%) had normal, healthy feet. Others had various foot deformities: pes cavus (8 subjects, 25.80%), hallux valgus (3 participants, 9.67%), pes planus (2 participants, 6.45%) and pes varus (1 subject, 3.22%). Most of examined students (14 subjects, 70%) have a normal feet status, while it was found that only three professional ballet dancers (27.27%) have healthy feet. Conclusion The obtained results showed that the appearance of foot deformities can be related to the long-term ballet dancing and the foot overload during these activities. Keywords: foot status, pes cavus, pes planus, pes varus, hallux valgus References Butković, I. (2009). Povrede i oboljenja stopala i skočnog zgloba. Beograd: Naučna KMD.
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PRISUSTVO DEFORMITETA STOPALA KOD UČENIKA SREDNJE BALETSKE
ŠKOLE I PROFESIONALNIH BALETSKIH IGRAČA
Aleksandra Popović; Vanja Mijajlović; Branka Marković; Lidija Moskovljević Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu
Uvod Balet predstavlja muzičko – scenski oblik igre koji karakteriše besprekorna ravnoteža plesača, elegancija, ritam i brzina pokreta. Da bi se izveli stilizovani pokreti i stavovi u okviru baletskih koreografija neophodno je višegodišnje višečasovno vežbanje. Telo baletskog igrača je tom prilikom izloženo velikom opterećenju koje se najviše ispoljava u predelu donjih ekstremiteta, naročito stopala, što vremenom dovodi do nastanka povreda i razvoja deformiteta. Metod Cilj ovog rada je bio utvrđivanje statusa stopala i prisustva deformiteta stopala kod učenika srednje baletske škole i profesionalnih baletskih igrača. Status stopala ispitanika je ustanovljen metodom plantograma. Prisustvo deformiteta stopala je utvrđeno analizom dobijenih plantograma Majerovom metodom, korišćenjem metode posmatranja i na osnovu podataka dobijenih putem ankete. Rezultati U ovom istraživanju je učestvovao 31 ispitanik oba pola - 20 ispitanika iz srednje baletske škole „Lujo Davičo“ uzrasta od 15 do 18 godina i 11 ispitanika iz Narodnog pozorišta u Beogradu. Kod većine ispitanika (17 ispitanika, 54,83%) je zastupljeno normalno, zdravo stopalo, dok se kod ostalih javljaju deformiteti: pes excavatus (8 ispitanika, 25,80%), hallux valgus (3 ispitanika, 9,67%), pes planus (2 ispitanika, 6,45%) i pes varus (1 ispitanik, 3,22%). Većina učenika (14 ispitanika, 70%) ima normalna, zdrava stopala, dok je kod profesionalnih baletskih igrača utvrđeno da samo troje ispitanika (27,27%) ima normalan status stopala. Zaključak Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se pojava deformiteta stopala može dovesti u vezu sa dužinom vežbanja i igranja i posebnim opterećenjem stopala tokom tih aktivnosti. Ključne reči: status stopala, pes excavatus, pes planus, pes varus, hallux valgus Literatura Butković, I. (2009). Povrede i oboljenja stopala i skočnog zgloba. Beograd: Naučna KMD.
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FOOT STATUS OF SENIOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS W.F.C. „POŽAREVAC“
Dejan Ilić; Vladimir Ilić; Andrijana Trišić Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia Introduction The goal of this research is to determine the violation of the footprints of the foot of the football player and compare the results obtained by the Thomsen method and method of Russian authors. Method The pattern of respondents included 17 senior members of the W.F.C. “Požarevac” from Požarevac. We used a descriptive method of research, to determinate status of the foot. The pattern of the variables is determined by method of plantography. Interpretation of the plantography has done using the Thomsen method and method of Russian authors. To determinate, does exist a statistically significant difference between these two methods, it used T-test for dependent patterns, the level of statistical significance is p<0,05. Results with discussion Analysis of the degree intrusion of the arch has made especially for the left and right foot. The degree of disturbance on the left foot has shown 5 examinees have a correct foot, while 2 examinees have I degree of lowering and 1 has a II degree of lowering. The degree of disturbance on the right foot has shown that 4 examinees have a correct foot, while 2 examinees have I degree of lowering, while 2 examinees have a II degree of lowering. By comparing the results is concluded, therefore is no statistically significant difference between these two methods. Conclusion A football, as a very demanding game requires a full preserved body and foot status. Therefore, correction and prevention are very important. Starting from little school age until senior age should be take care about trainers. That implies a good professional staff, especially great knowledge by couch, who needs to know all principles and structure of training and know the bio psychosocial development by the age. Keywords: deformity, football, prevention measures References Aleksić, V. Janković, A. (2006). Fudbal istorija-teorija-metodika. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.Beograd. Ilić, D. (2012). Korektivna gimnastika. Praktikum. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd.
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STATUS STOPALA FUDBALERKI SENIORSKOG TIMA ŽFK „POŽAREVAC“
Dejan Ilić; Vladimir Ilić; Andrijana Trišić Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje narušenosti svoda stopala fudbalerki i upoređivanje rezultata dobijenih Tomsenovom metodom i metodom ruskih autora. Metod Uzorak ispitanika obuhvatio je 17 seniorki ŽFK „Požarevac“ iz Požarevca. Radi utvrđivanja statusa stopala, korišćen je deskriptivni metod istraživanja. Uzorak varijabli određen je metodom plantografije. Tumačenje plantograma vršeno je primenom Tomsenove metode i Metodom ruskih autora. Da bi se utvrdilo da li postoji statistički značajna razlika između ove dve metode korišćen je t-test za zavisne uzorke, nivo statističke značajnosti je p<0,05. Rezultati sa diskusijom Urađena je analiza stepena narušenosti svoda posebno za levo i desno stopalo. Stepen narušenosti svoda levog stopala pokazala je da 5 ispitanika ima pravilno stopalo, dok 11 ispitanika ima I stepen spuštenosti, a 1 ispitanik ima II stepen spuštenosti. Stepen narušenosti svoda desnog stopala pokazala je da 4 ispitanika ima pravilno stopalo, dok 11 ispitanika ima I stepen spuštenosti, a 2 ispitanika ima II stepen spuštenosti. Upoređivanjem rezultata zaključeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između ove dve metode. Zaključak Fudbal kao veoma zahtevna igra, zahteva u potpunosti očuvan telesni status i status stopala. Zbog toga veoma je značajna prevencija i korekcija. Počev od mlađeg školskog uzrasta, pa sve do seniorskog doba, potrebno je voditi brigu o vežbačima. To podrazumeva dobar stručni kadar, naročito veliko znanje trenera koji mora dobro da poznaje sve zakonitosti i strukturu treninga i da poznaje biopsihosocijalni razvoj u zavisnosti od uzrasta. Ključne reči: deformiteti, fudbal, mere prevencije Literatura Aleksić, V. Janković, A. (2006). Fudbal istorija-teorija-metodika. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd. Ilić, D. (2012). Korektivna gimnastika. Praktikum. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd.
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THE POSTURAL STATUS OF FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN RELATION TO
LEVELS OF COMPETITION
Mima Stanković; Bojan Jorgić; Zoran Milanović; Vladimir Antić; Marko Jezdimirović; Stefan Đorđević Faculty of and physical education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
Introduction The intensity and extent of training in football depend on the level of competition. The possibilities for influencing the increase or prevention of postural deformities differ. The aim of this paper was to determine whether the level of competition influences the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders among female soccer players. Method The sample of participants (33 football players) was divided into two groups: one of 16 competitors in the Serbian Super league, another of 17 competitors in the Serbian First league. The SpinalMouse (Idiag, Fehraltdorf, Switzerland, www.idiag.ch) was used to evaluate the postural disorders of the spinal column, plantography and a method devised by Russian authors to determine the presence of flat feet, and the Hi-square test to determine statistically significant differences in the prevalence of postural disorders. Results with discussion The results indicated that participants in higher levels of competition have a statistically significant smaller percentage of flat feet. An explanation could be their prolonged intense involvement in football. Constant changes in types of surface, performance of various kicks, jumps, movements with sudden changes in direction develop the muscles of the lower extremities: extensors of the lower leg, flexors of the feet, etc., which positively affect the increased stability of the knee joint and strengthens the muscles of the feet. Participants in higher levels of competition have a statistically significant higher prevalence of spinal column deformities. This could be explained by how players continually hold their heads while playing. The head is lowered to monitor the ball, leading to extensions in the neck and curvatures in the vertebrae at chest height. Conclusion It can be concluded that participation in football positively affects the prevention and correction of flat feet among female football players. Keywords: flat feet, kyphosis, lordosis, differences References Grabara, M. (2012). Analysis of body posture between young football players and their untrained peers. Human Movement, 13(2), 120-126. Asadi, M., Nourasteh, A., & Daneshmandi, H. (2014). Comparison of spinal columncurvatures between master football players and their non-athletes peers, Internationa lJournal of Sport Studies,4 (3), 338-342.
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POSTURALNI STATUS FUDBALERKI U ODNOSU NA TAKMIČARSKI NIVO
Mima Stanković; Bojan Jorgić; Zoran Milanović; Vladimir Antić; Marko Jezdimirović; Stefan Đorđević Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš, Srbija
Uvod U zavisnosti od stepena takmičenja razlikuje se intenzitet i obim trenažnih zahteva u fudbalu. Samim tim razlikuje se i mogući uticaj na povećanje ili prevenciju posturalnih poremećaja. S tim u vezi, cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li stepen takmičenja utiče na razlike u zastupljenosti posturalnih poremećaja kod fudbalerki. Metod Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 33 fudbalerki, podeljenih u dve grupe. Prvu grupu činilo je 16 fudbalerki koje igraju Super ligu Srbije, tj. igračice ŽFK „Mašinac“. Drugu grupu činilo je 17 fudbalerki koje igraju Prvu ligu Srbije, tj. igračice ŽFK „Radnički 2012“. Za procenu posturalnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba korišćen je uređaj „SpinalMouse“ (Idiag, Fehraltdorf, Switzerland, www.idiag.ch). Za procenu prisustva ravnih stopala korišćena je metoda plantografije sa metodom ruskih autora. Za utvrđivanje statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti posturalnih poremećaja korišćen je Hi kvadrat test. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da fudbalerke višeg ranga takmičenja imaju statistički značajno manju procentualnu zastupljenost ravnih stopala u odnosu na fudbalerke nižeg ranga. To može biti rezultat dužeg perioda intenzivnog bavljenja fudbalom. Stalne promene podloge, izvođenje različitih vrsta udaraca po lopti stopalom, skokovi, kao i sama kretnja sa naglom promenom pravca dovode do razvoja mišića donjih ekstremiteta, čime se pozitivno utiče na povećanu stabilnost kolenog zgloba i jačanje mišića stopala. U pogledu posturalnih poremećaja na kičmenom stubu, kod fudbalerki višeg ranga utvrđena je statistički značajno veća zastupljenost ovih deformiteta. Ova pojava može se objasniti položajem glave tokom najvećeg dela vremena prilikom igranja fudbala. Glava je spuštena ka zemlji kako bi se pratila lopta što dovodi do izvijanja vrata i povećanja krivine kičmenog stuba u visini grudnog koša. Zaključak Na osnovu rezultata može se zaključiti da bavljenje fudbalom ima pozitivan uticaj na prevenciju i korekciju ravnog stopala kod fudbalerki. Ključne reči: ravno stopalo, kifoza, lordoza, razlike Literatura Grabara, M. (2012). Analysis of body posture between young football players and their untrained peers. Human Movement, 13(2), 120-126. Asadi, M., Nourasteh, A., & Daneshmandi, H. (2014). Comparison of spinal columncurvatures between master football players and their non-athletes peers, Internationa lJournal of Sport Studies,4 (3), 338-342.
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A COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE AND SKINFOLD
MEASUREMENTS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Josip Cvenić Faculty of education, J.J. Strossmayer university of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Introduction Body composition is one of the five health-related fitness components, and can be defined as the ratio of lean body mass and fat body mass. As obesity represents one of the most serious global health problems, topics as excess body weight, body type, optimal body fat percentage, fat reduction technology have always been interesting to students. Today there are a large number of available laboratory and field methods for assessments of body composition. Some of the most common and most accessible methods including skinfolds measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, air displacement plethysmography, infrared spectroscopy, and those more difficult available such as DEXA dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, ultrasonography, neutron activation analysis, computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, underwater weighing etc. The aim of this study was to compare two different methods for assessment of body composition, skinfold measurement (Harpenden caliper) and bioelectrical impedance (Omron type BF511, Japan). Method A total of 132 female and 56 male students of the first year of study (age=18.74 ± 0.75 yrs) from the field of natural sciences at J.J. Strossmayer university of Osijek participated in study. Body composition was estimated with skinfolds and bioelectrical impedance. Method comparisons of two measurements are presented using Bland Altman's plots. Systematic differences between the methods were estimated using T-test for dependent samples, coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results with discussion The results of this study demonstrated significant difference in obtained mean values of body fat percentage between the methods (SF 23.7±9.1; BIA 27.1±8.6). The coefficient of variation is 9.64 (95% CV = 8.89-10.54), while the intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.92 (95% ICC = 0.90-0.94). Conclusion In accordance with the results of this study, both methods of assessing body composition are acceptable for obtaining basic information and body fat results, but for the purpose of diagnosing the effects of a training program it is recommended to use the method of skinfold measurement which has shown in more research the greater accuracy and reliability comparing with bioelectrical impedance. Keywords: body fat percentage, OMRON, caliper References Baščevan S., Včetić V., Rodić, S. (2010). Comparison of different methods for assessment of body composition. Antropološki aspekti sporta, fizičkog vaspitanja i rekreacije, Banja Luka, Proceedings, 165-169. Maršić, T. (2003.) Primjena metode bioelektrične impedancije u mjerenju postotka tjelesne masti učenika. Zbornik radova 12. ljetne škole kineziologa RH „Metode rada u području edukacije, sporta i sportske rekreacije", Rovinj, Hrvatska, 82-86.
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USPOREDBA METODE BIOLEKTRIČNE IMPENDANCIJE I MJERENJA KOŽNIH
NABORA U PROCJENI SASTAVA TIJELA KOD STUDENATA
Josip Cvenić Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera, Osijek, Republika Hrvatska Uvod Sastav tijela jedna je od pet sastavnica zdravstvenog fitnesa, koja se može definirati kao omjer nemasne i masne tjelesne mase. Osim što prevelika količina masnog tkiva uzrokuje velike i ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme, teme kao što su prekomjerna tjelesna težina, tip tjelesne građe, optimalna količina masnog tkiva, te tehnologije za smanjenje prekomjene tjelesne masti oduvijek su bile zanimljive studentima. U današnje vrijeme postoji velik broj dostupnih laboratorijskih i terenskih metoda za procjenu sastava tijela. Neke od najčešćih i najpristupačnijih su metoda mjerenja kožnih nabora, metoda bioelektrične impedancije, metoda zračne pletizmografije, infracrvene spektroskopije, pa do onih teže dostupnih poput dvoenergetske rendgenske apsorpciometrije DEXA, ultrazvučne metode, neutronske aktivacijske analize, kompjuterizirane tomografije, nuklearne magnetne rezonancije, hidrostatsko vaganje itd. Cilj ovog rada jest usporediti dvije različite metode za procjenu sastava tijela, metodu izračuna potkožnog masnog tkiva preko mjerenja kožnih nabora (Harpenden kaliper) s metodom temeljenom na bioelektričnoj impedanciji (Omron tip BF511, Japan). Metod U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 132 studentice i 56 studenata prve godine studija (prosječne dobi 18,74±0,75 godina) iz područja prirodnih znanosti na Sveučilištu J.J. Strossmayer u Osijeku. Metode istraživanja obuhvaćale su mjerenje sastava tijela metodom mjerenja kožnih nabora i metodom bioelektrične impedancije. Usporedba slaganja pojedinih metoda na individualnoj razini prikazana je pomoću BlandAltmanovih grafičkih prikaza. Sustavne razlike između metoda procijenjene su pomoću t-testa za zavisne uzorke, te koeficijentom varijabilnosti i interklasnim koeficijentom korelacije. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da postoje značajne razlike u dobivenim prosječnim vrijednostima postotka masnog tkiva između korištenih metoda mjerenja (KN 23,7±9,1; BIA 27,1±8,6). Koeficijent varijabilnosti iznosi 9,64 (95%CV=8,89-10,54), dok interklasni koeficijent korelacije iznosi 0,92 (95%ICC=0,90-0,94). Zaključak Sukladno rezultatima ovog istraživanja, za dobivanje osnovnih informacija i rezultata o sastavu tijela kod studenata prihvatljive su obje metode mjerenja, no u svrhu dijagnostike trenažnih efekata nekog programa preporuča se korištenje metode mjerenja kožnih nabora koja je u više istraživanja pokazala veću preciznost i pouzdanost od metoda biolektrične impendancije. Ključne reči: postotak masnog tkiva, OMRON, kaliper Literatura Baščevan S., Vučetić V., Rodić, S. (2010). Usporedba različitih sustava za procjenu sastava tijela. Antropološki aspekti sporta, fizičkog vaspitanja i rekreacije, Banja Luka, Zbornik radova, 165-169. Maršić, T. (2003.) Primjena metode bioelektrične impedancije u mjerenju postotka tjelesne masti učenika. Zbornik radova 12. ljetne škole kineziologa RH „Metode rada u području edukacije, sporta i sportske rekreacije", Rovinj, Hrvatska, 82-86.
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EFFECTS OF FASTING AND VERY LOW CALORY DIET ON BODY COMPOSITION:
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Kosta Novaković; Vladimir Ilić Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Fasting (FS) and very low calorie diet (VLCD) are commonly used in subjects with high obesity level (BMI>30kg/m2). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of fasting and traditional caloric restriction diets with/without exercise on morphological status. Method The following databases were searched: Index Medicus through MEDLINE, EBSCO, DOAJ, OVID and PUBMED using keywords: fasting, diet, fat, lean mass, ghrelin, ketosis, weight loss, fat loss. Results with discussion Study’s has shown that in FS based diets an minimal weight loss after a week is approximately -0.7 kg (-1%) while maximum was -1.83 kg (-0.8%), a minimal fat loss was -2.9 kg (-3.2 %) and maximum was -9.8 kg (-9.2%), whilst in one study there is an increase in fat-free mass +1.2 kg (+1.3%) and maximum loss was -4.3 kg (-4,0%). On VLCD (<1200 kcal) based diets minimal weight loss after a week is approximately -0.3 kg (0.3%) while maximum was -0.7 (1%), fat mass loss was from minimal -0.2 kg (-0.3%) to maximal -1.95 kg (-2.6%), and minimal FFM loss was -0.075 kg (-0,08%) to maximal -0,2 kg (-0,3%) Also there is a study that show greater weight loss in group performing alternate day fasting with exercises (6 ± 4 kg) while groups who just fasted lose (3 ± 1 kg), and exercise group lose (1 ± 0 kg) after a period of 12 weeks. Conclusion Fasting showed better effect on body composition when it comes to higher fat loss and lesser muscle loss, without ill effects and better possible implementation in exercises. Keywords: fasting, fat loss, diet, exercises References Stewart W. K., Laura W. Fleming (1973) “Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration”, University Department of Medicine, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland Surabhi B.,Monica C Klempel, Cynthia M Kroeger, Eleanor Aggour, Yolian Calvo, John F Trepanowski, Kristin K Hoddy and Krista A Varady (2013) “Effect of exercising while fasting on eating behaviors and food intake”, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10:50
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FREQUENCY OF INJURING AT KICK BOXING ATHLETES
Marija Macura1; Nikola Jokić; Milos Mudrić1 1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Kick boxing belongs to a group of martial arts based on strokes in which the injuries are an integral part of the training and competition (Cirkovic et al., 2010). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of injury to athletes while doing kickboxing as recreation, as well as during competitive activities. Method In this study 198 subjects were divided into 2 groups: competitors (N = 125) and recreational players (N = 73). For the purposes of this study it was used a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included the following variables: the length of the training periods, the number of training sessions per week, the situation where the injury occurred (training or competition), the situation in which there has been a violation in relation to methods of work, the distribution of injuries in relative to the anatomical region, the time the absence of post-injury. The study uses descriptive method. Results with discussion The results showed that there were no reported cases in amateurs when it comes to the representation of serious injury with the absence of longer than 4 weeks, ie. 0%. This data tells us that the injury in recreational transient. Only 20% of competitors are injured during matches, 9% of them are injured during sparring, and only 2% using the kick boxing device in both amateurs and the competitors. The highest percentage (15%) of injuries when it comes to injured anatomical region is the foot and lower leg. Such a phenomenon can be interpreted by frequent use of a "low-kick". From the total number of subjects 48% of them did not have an absence due to injury. In comparison to other sports (basketball and cross-fit) results from this study showed a lower incidence of injury (Mehrab et al., 2017). Conclusion Kick boxing although contact sports, based on the data obtained in this study can be recommended both for recreation and for a competitive this sport, whereby training equipment should be used as well as safety measures taken to reduce the risk of injury. Keywords: kick boxing, injuries, training, competition References Cirkovic, Z., Jovanovic, S., Kasum, G. (2010). Martial arts. Belgrade. Faculty of Sport and Physical Education. University of Belgrade. Mehrab M, de Vos Rj, Kraan GA (2017). Injury Incidence and Patterns among the Dutch CrossFit Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017 Dec 18; 5 (12): 2325967117745263.
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UČESTALOST POVREĐIVANJA SPORTISTA U KIK BOKSU
Marija Macura1; Nikola Jokić; Milos Mudrić1 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Kik boks spada u grupu borilačkih sportova na bazi udaraca u kojem su povrede sastavni deo u treningu i takmičenju (Ćirković i sar., 2010). Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi stepen učestalosti povređivanja sportista tokom bavljenja kik boksom kako rekreativno, tako i u toku takmičarske aktivnosti. Metod Testirano je 198 ispitanika raspoređenih u 2 grupe: takmičari (N=125) i rekreativci (N=73). Za potrebe ovog rada korišćen je upitnik posebno napravljen za ovo istraživanje. Upitnik je obuhvatio sledeće varijable: dužina trenažnog staža, broj treninga nedeljno, situacija gde se povreda dogodila (trening ili takmičenje), situacija u kojoj je došlo do povrede u odnosu na metod rada, zastupljenost povreda u odnosu na anatomsku regiju, vremensko odsustvo nakon povrede. U radu je korišćen deskriptivni metod. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da nije bilo prijavljenih slučajeva kod rekreativaca kada je u pitanju zastupljenost teških povreda sa odsustvom dužim od 4 nedelje, tj. 0%. Ovaj podatak nam govori da su povrede kod rekreativaca prolaznog karaktera. Svega 20% takmičara se povredilo tokom mečeva, njih 9% se povredilo tokom sparinga, a 2% u radu na spravama kako kod rekreativaca tako i kod takmičara. Najveći procenat (15%) povreda kada je u pitanju povređena anatomska regija jeste stopalo i potkolenica. Ovakva pojava se može tumačiti čestom upotrebom niskog nožnog udarca „low-kick“. Ono što je interesantno jeste da 48% ispitanika nije imalo odsustvo usled povrede. U poređenju sa drugim sportovima (kros fit i fudbal) rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali manju učestalost povreda (Mehrab i sar., 2017). Zaključak Kik boks iako kontaktni sport, na osnovu podataka dobijenih u ovom istraživanju, može se preporučiti kako za rekreativno tako i za takmičarsko bavljenje ovim sportom, pri čemu treba koristiti trenažere i voditi računa o merama bezbednosti kako bi se smanjio rizik od nastanka povreda. Ključne reči: kik boks, povreda, trening, takmičenje Literatura Ćirković, Z., Jovanović, S., Kasum, G. (2010). Borenja. Beograd. Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Univerzitet u Beogradu. Mehrab M, de VosRj, Kraan GA (2017). Injury Incidence and Patterns Among Dutch CrossFit Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017 Dec 18;5(12):2325967117745263.
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CORRELATION BETWEEN POWER POTENTIAL, ANTHROPOMETRY AND THE
SPEED OF THE BALL OF IN-STEP KICK IN FOOTBALL
Marin Gadev; Petar Peev
Track and field Department, National sports academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction The results of research of the authors Masuda, K., et al. (2003), Markovic, G., et al. (2006) Young, W. B., & Rath, D. A. (2011), Brahim, M., et al. (2013), García-Pinillos, F., et al. (2015), Bekris, E., et al. (2015), Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L., et al. (2018) review the influence of various factors on the power of the kick and the speed of the ball of instep kick in football. In order to expand the reports and knowledge about this question we conduct a research about the correlation of the power potential and some anthropometric indicators with speed of the ball. This correlation and changes were researched over two groups: low-skill group (12-14 years old) and highly qualified (18-19 years old) football players. We hypostatize that there will be differences in the main factor which influence the power of the shot or speed of the ball for the different age groups. Method In this study we used group of 82 football players: 44 low-skilled players and 38 highly qualified players. We used the following methods: anthropometric measurement (anthropometry), tensometry, kicking performance measurement (speedometry) and statistical procedures (descriptive statistics and correlation analysis). The tests were conducted in the two consequent days for every group. First was done the anthropometric measurement and the force plate measurement (Digital jump counter 2, Sofia, Bulgaria) of coefficient of explosiveness and the average height of the jump of five consequent jumps. The kicking performance measurement was conducted on the next day with radar speed gun “Speedchek” (SCX-01, Tribar Industries Inc., Canada). The third day starts the second group of highly qualified football players. They made the test in two consequent days as the first group in the same order. Results with discussion The data from the descriptive statistics and correlation between the indicators shows that for the young soccer players from great importance for the ball speed are the anthropometric indicators. The main factor for experienced players is power indicators with moderate (r=0.572) to strong (r=0.758) relationship with the power indicators. Conclusion This means that in the training process for young players main part of the training needs to be technical and coordination of movements whereas the training for the experienced players must emphasize on power training. Keywords: football, in-step kick, power potential, low-skilled, highly qualified References Masuda, K., Kikuhara, N., Takahashi, H., & Yamanaka, K. (2003). The relationship between muscle cross-sectional area and strength in various isokinetic movements among soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 21(10), 851-858; Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L., Olmo, F. D., Sánchez-Molina, J. A., & Martín-Acero, R. (2018). Kicking ability and kicking deficit in young elite soccer players. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 50(2), 80-82.
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FREQUENCY AND TYPES OF INJURIES IN HANDBALL
Marko Šindik; Marijana Čavala; Petra Cerić; Miodrag Spasić; Josefina Đuzel Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia Introduction Handball is one of the most complex sports games, full of different moving structures. Many authors have written about importance of identifying certain risk factors that could provide information that would help to develop appropriate strategies to prevent injuries in handball (Tsigilis i Hatzimanouil, 2005). Method Participants were 47 active handball players. Variables were answers to questions about the type and number of injuries modified for handball (taken from Yde and Nielsen, 1990). The frequencies and percentages per playing positions were calculated as well as the Kruskal-Wallis values (H and P) for the number of heavy and light injuries. Results with discussion The results have shown that pivot is playing position with most serious injuries compared to other playing positions. Goalkeepers are least likely to be injured due to the characteristic non-contact play, individuality and the specific game related playing techniques and not because contact with other players. Characteristic injuries in handball are injuries of lower extremities and hands, mainly injuries - sprains and strains, while in the case of heavy injuries - fractures. Heavy injuries are characterized by a contact play, and usually occur in the middle of the match/training. Conclusion These data can help coaches to plan and program the training process. They can also point out which playing positions should be more focused on prevention, or to warn, in the middle of the game, that is time for break due to high demands of the player in that moment. Keywords: survey, injuries, handball References Tsigilis, N. & Hatzimanouil, D. (2005) Injuries in handball: Examination of the risk factors. European Journal of Sport Science, 5(3), 137-142, DOI: 10.1080/17461390500221610 Yde, J., & Nielsen, A. B. (1990). Sports injuries in adolescents' ball games: soccer, handball and basketball. British journal of sports medicine, 24(1), 51-54.
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UČESTALOST I VRSTE OZLJEDA U RUKOMETU
Marko Šindik; Marijana Čavala; Petra Cerić; Miodrag Spasić; Josefina Đuzel Kineziološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Splitu, Split, Republika Hrvatska Uvod Rukomet je jedna od najsloženijih sportskih igara bogata različitim kretnim strukturama. Važno je utvrditi određene čimbenike rizika koji bi mogli pružiti informacije koje bi pomogle u razvijanju odgovarajućih strategija za sprečavanje ozljeda u rukometu čime su se bavili mnogi autori (Tsigilis i Hatzimanouil, 2005). Metod Uzorak ispitanika sastoji se od 47 aktivnih rukometaša. Uzorak varijabli predstavljaju odgovori na pitanja upitnika o vrsti i broju ozljeda modificiranog za rukometni sport a preuzetog od Yde i Nielsen (1990). Izračunate su frekvencije i postotne vrijednosti po igračkim pozicijama te Kruskal-Wallis vrijednosti (H i P) za broj težih i lakših ozljeda. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su ukazali da su pivotmeni najizloženiji teškim ozljedama u odnosu na druge igračke pozicije. Vratari su najmanje skloni ozljedama zbog karakteristične nekontaktne igre, individualnosti i specifične tehnike igre, a ne fizičke spreme i kontakta s igračima. Za rukomet karakteristične su ozljede donjih ekstremiteta i šake i to uglavnom išćašenja i istegnuća kod lakših ozljeda, dok je kod teških ozljeda riječ o prijelomima. Teške ozljede karakterizira kontaktna igra, a neovisno o težini, u pravilu se javljaju sredinom utakmice/treninga. Zaključak Ovi podaci mogu pomoći trenerima pri planiranju i programiranju trenažnog procesa. Mogu ukazati s kojim igračkim pozicijama bi trebalo dodatno poraditi na prevenciji, mogu ukazati na moguću pauzu kod velike zahtijevnosti igrača sredinom utakmice kada je mogućnost ozljede veća i sl. Ključne reči: anketa, ozljede, rukomet Literatura Tsigilis, N. & Hatzimanouil, D. (2005) Injuries in handball: Examination of the risk factors. European Journal of Sport Science, 5(3), 137-142, DOI: 10.1080/17461390500221610 Yde, J., & Nielsen, A. B. (1990). Sports injuries in adolescents' ball games: soccer, handball and basketball. British journal of sports medicine, 24(1), 51-54.
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DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS’ RESULTS OF
BODY MASS INDEX AND SWIMMING
Milomir Trivun1; Aldvin Torlaković2; Zsolt Németh3; Edin Mirvić4 1 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport; University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Olympic Pool Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary 4 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education; University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction During practical swimming classes, we have measured the results of stylized movement performance in the 100 m freestyle technique of two generations of students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at the University of East Sarajevo. The measurement also related to the morphological characteristics (body mass index) in the same population. The aim of the paper is to determine the differences in the body mass index and swimming performance of two generations of students. Method The sample of respondents consisted of 32 students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the University of East Sarajevo. The measurement was carried out during practical swimming classes in the school year 2015/2016 on the sample of 16 male respondents, and with the same number of respondents related to the sample of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the University of East Sarajevo enrolled in the school year 2018/2019. The sample of the variables referred to the body mass index and the variables of 100 m of freestyle swimming. Results with discussion Results of sample of 16 male students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the University of East Sarajevo enrolled in the school year 2015/2016 were: body mass index BMI (Mean = 23.75; Minimum = 19.72; Maximum = 35.94), standard deviation (Std. Dev = 4.47), while the results of the measure of central tendency of the population of students enrolled in 2018/2019 were: BMI (Mean = 23,28; Minimum = 19,53; Maximum = 27,21); standard deviation (Std. Dev = 1,86). Results of variables of 100m freestyle swimming with respondents 2015/2016 (Mean = 141.16; Minimum = 96.36; Maximum = 200.39), standard deviation (Std. Dev = 31.24), and the results of respondents 2018/2019 (Mean = 141.95; Minimum = 99.47; Maximum = 196.00), standard deviation (Std. Dev = 30.67). The values of the t-test among the male students in the variables of the body mass index are: t = 0.42; df = 15; p = 0.67, and for the same respondents variables of 100 meters freestyle swimming were: t = -0.09; df = 15; p = 0.92. Conclusion Two samples of respondents of the male population of two generations of students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo, in enrolled in the school year 2015/2016 and school year 2018/2019 had insignificant statistical significance by analyzing t-test of the variables of the body mass index and the variables of 100 meters freestyle swimming. Keywords: measurement, freestyle swimming, morphological characteristics References Jevtić, B. (2011). Swimming in teaching. Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Belgrade, p. 81 Vuković, S. (2006). Swimming. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Banja Luka, p. 90
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RAZLIKE REZULTATA STUDENATA U BODI MAS INDEKSU I PLIVANJU
Milomir Trivun1; Aldvin Torlaković2; Zsolt Németh3; Edin Mirvić4 1 Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta; Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu 2 Olimpijski bazen Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 3 Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary 4 Fakultet sporta i tjelesnog odgoja; Univerzitet u Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
Uvod Tokom praktične nastave plivanja, izvršena su mjerenja rezultatske uspješnosti stilizovanih oblika kretanja na 100 m kraul tehnikom, dvije generacije studenata Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu. Mjerenje se odnosilo i na morfološke karakteristike (bodi mas indeks) kod iste populacije. Cilj rada je da se utvrdi razlike u bodi mas indeksu i plivanju dvije generacije studenata. Metod Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 32 studenta Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu. Mjerenje je obavljeno na praktičnoj nastave iz plivanja, u školskoj 2015/2016. godine sa muškom populacijom od 16 ispitanika, isti broj ispitanika odnosio se na uzorak studenata Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu upisanih u školsku 2018/2019. godinu. Uzorak varijabli odnosio se na bodi mas indeks i varijable 100 m plivanja slobodno. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati ispitanika muške populacije studenata Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu upisanih u školsku 2015/2016. godinu su: bodi mas indeks BMI (Mean=23,75; Min=19,72; Max=35,94), standardna devijacija (Std. Dev=4,47), dok rezultati mjera centralne tendencije populacija studenata upisanih u 2018/2019. godine imali su: bodi mas indeks BMI (Mean=23,28; Min=19,53; Max=27,21), standardna devijacija (Std. Dev=1,86). Rezultati varijabli 100 m plivanja slobodno kod ispitanika 2015/2016. godine imale su: (Mean=141,16; Min=96,36; Max=200,39), standardna devijacija (Std. Dev=31,24), a rezultati ispitanica 2018/2019. godine su: (Mean=141,95; Min=99,47; Max=196,00), standardna devijacija (Std. Dev=30,67). Vrijednosti T-testa između ispitanika muške populacije studenata u varijablama bodi mas indeksa su: t=0,42; df=15; p=0,67, a kod istih ispitanika u varijablama 100 metara plivanje slobodno su: t=-0,09; df=15; p=0,92. Zaključak Uzorak ispitanika muške populacije studenata Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu u dvije generacije upisane u školsku 2015/2016. godine i školske 2018/2019. godinu, u varijablama bodi mas indeksa i varijablama 100 m plivanje slobodno imali su neznatnu statističku značajnost analizom T-testa. Ključne reči: mjerenje, slobodno plivanje, morfološke karakteristike Literatura Jevtić, B. (2011). Plivanje u nastavi. Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerzitet u Beogradu, str 81 Vuković, S. (2006). Plivanje. Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzitet u Banja Luci, str. 90
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AEROBIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ACADEMY OF
CRIMINALISTIC AND POLICE STUDIES FEMALE STUDENTS - THREE YEARS FOLLOW-UP STUDIES
Radivoje Janković1; Bojan Mitrović2; Goran Vučković1; Nenad Koropanovski1 1 The Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia 2 The Department of Vocational Education and Training, the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Morphological characteristics and motor skills are one of the selection criteria for enrolment at the Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies (ACPS). One of the objectives of the subject named Specialized Physical Education (SPE) is to influence the development and maintenance of the abovementioned skills and characteristics. This research aims to determine the impact of the three-year SPE program on aerobic endurance, as well as on the basic morphological characteristics of the ACPS female students. Method The research was conducted on 34 undergraduate female students of the ACPS, all of whom had completed the academic requirements of the first three years of studies within the deadline. The Cooper test was used to determine aerobic endurance. Basic morphological characteristics: body height (BH), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) were measured using the standard procedures. The initial testing was performed during the entrance exam, whereas the final one took place after the completion of the third year of studies. All the obtained results were displayed with the aid of basic descriptive indicators, while MANOVA was used to determine the differences between the initial and final measurement. Statistical significance was defined at the level of probability of 95%. Results with discussion The results showed that, throughout studies, there occurred a statistically significant decrease of aerobic endurance by 5.8% (F = 6.005; p = 0.017). It was ascertained that the female students at the end of the third year had weaker scores on the Cooper test by 127.5m compared to the entrance exam. As for BH, BW, and BMI, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion The research revealed a decline in female students’ aerobic endurance within the three-year period of studying at the ACPS, while attending SPE. Possible causes could be found in a considerable reduction of the number of SPE classes compared to the previous study programs, coupled with depleted motivation for the final test preparation in comparison with the entrance exam. Keywords: the Cooper test, entrance exam, Special Physical Education References Dimitrijević, R., Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., Vučković, G., Janković, R. (2014). The influence of different physical education programs on police students’ physical abilities. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37(4), 794-808. Milošević, M., Arlov, D., Blagojević, M., Stojičić, R., Dopsaj, M., Milić, Z. (1995). Analiza uticaja jednogodišnjeg aerobnog tretmana na studente Policijske akademije. Bezbednost, Beograd, 37(6), 830–836.
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PROMENE AEROBNIH SPOSOBNOSTI I OSNOVNIH MORFOLOŠKIH
KARAKTERISTIKA STUDENTKINJA KRIMINALISTIČKO-POLICIJSKE AKADEMIJE U TROGODIŠNJEM PERIODU
Radivoje Janković1; Bojan Mitrović2; Goran Vučković1; Nenad Koropanovski1 1 Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, Beograd, Srbija 2 Odeljenje za stručno obrazovanje i obuku, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Morfološke karakteristike i motoričke sposobnosti jedan su od selekcionih kriterijuma za upis na Kriminalističko-policijsku akademiju (KPA). Jedan od zadatak predmeta Specijalno fizičko obrazovanje (SFO) jeste da tokom studija utiče na razvoj i održanje navedenih sposobnosti i karakteristika. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da utvrdi uticaj trogodišnjeg programa SFO na aerobnu izdržljivost i osnovne morfološke karakteristike studentkinja KPA. Metod U istraživanju je učestvovalo 34 studentkinje osnovnih akademskih studija KPA, a koje su u roku završile prve tri godine studija. Aerobna izdržljivost procenjena je pomoću Kuperovog testa. Osnovne morfološke karakteristike: telesna visina (TV), telesna masa (TM) i indeks mase tela (BMI) izmerene su standardnim procedurama. Inicijalno testiranje izvršeno je tokom prijemnog ispita, a finalno nakon završetka treće godine studija. Svi rezultati su prikazani korišćenjem osnovnih deskriptivnih pokazatelja, dok je za utvrđivanje razlika između inicijalnog i finalnog merenja korišćena ANOVA. Statistička značajnost definisana je na nivou verovatnoće od 95%. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su pokazali da je tokom studija došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja aerobne izdržljivosti za 5,8% (F = 6,005; p = 0,017). Utvrđeno je da su studentkinje na kraju treće godine studija imale slabiji rezultat na Kuperovom testu u odnosu na prijemni ispit za 127,5 m. Kod TV, TM i BMI nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. Zaključak Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da tokom tri godine studiranje na KPA, u kojima se realizuje SFO, dolazi do smanjenja aerobnih sposobnosti studentkinja. Mogući razlozi nalaze se u znatno smanjenom fondu časova SFO u odnosu na ranije programe, kao i manja motivacija za pripremu finalnog testiranja u odnosu na prijemni ispit. Ključne reči: Kuperov test, prijemni ispit, specijalno fizičko obrazovanje Literatura Dimitrijević, R., Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., Vučković, G., Janković, R. (2014). The influence of different physical education programs on police students’ physical abilities. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37(4), 794-808. Milošević, M., Arlov, D., Blagojević, M., Stojičić, R., Dopsaj, M., Milić, Z. (1995). Analiza uticaja jednogodišnjeg aerobnog tretmana na studente Policijske akademije. Bezbednost, Beograd, 37(6), 830–836.
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Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity
application in young athletes
Metodički aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti u sportu
mlađeg uzrasta
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IMPACT OF A FOUR-WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM ON FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES
IN YOUNG ROWERS
Goran Jelaska1; Tonči Bavčević2; Damir Bavčević2 1 Virovitica county hospital, Virovitica, Croatia 2 University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia Introduction Programming and quantification of training programs and their impact on athletes is a growing issue in modern sport science (Ingham, Carter, Whyte & Doust, 2008). Therefore the aim of this research was to identify and explain impact of a four-week training program on functional abilities in young rowers. It was hypothesized that statistically significant differences will be identified in all measured variables.
Method Rowers (N=10; Age 12.71±1.23) performed 1000m and 4000m rowing in a boat and 1000m and 4000m rowing a rowing ergometer four times (pretest, two transition test, posttest). Training lasted 4 weeks and included 6 trainings per week. Every training was consisted of static and dynamic warm-up, main part of the training and stretching. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used for identification of programmed treatment effectiveness. Results with discussion Results showed significant impact of training program on the three observed variables. Further research with larger samples and a control group would provide a larger amount of applicable information for trainers and scientists.
Conclusion Although experimental design did not include control group, results clearly indicated that the applied training program can be used for rowing practice. Keywords: training, rowing, young rowers, functional abilities References Ingham SA, Carter H, Whyte GP, Doust JH. Physiological and performance effects of low- versus mixed-intensity rowing training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Mar;40(3) 579-584. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815ecc6a. PMID: 18379224.
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EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED TRAINING ON FLEXIBILITY TRANSFORMATION
OF 14 YEARS OLD VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Goran Nešić1; Nikola Majstorović1; Vladimir Grbić1; Zoran Savić2; Saša Zornić1 1 University of Belgrade - Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 2 University of Priština - Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Leposavić, Republic of Serbia Introduction Analyzing the volleyball game structure, it can be noted that the realization of actions depends on the ability of the player to perform certain movements and movements of different intensity, in different directions and with different parts of the body, which require all motor skills to be optimally developed. The most usual volleyball researches are from the area of velocity and strength abilities, and many are less likely to test flexibility, which cannot be said to be of less importance. The problem of research is in fact the flexibility of volleyball players. The aim of the research is to present and analyze the effects of programmed training on changes in the flexibility of volleyball players 14 years old. Given the aim of the research, one hypothesis was set: H1: Significant quantitative changes in flexibility of volleyball players 14 years old are expected under the influence of the programmed volleyball training process. Method The research method is experimental and the research was conducted with the aim to determine quantitative changes in the flexibility of volleyball players 14 years old under the influence of programmed training work, which included the summer preparation period for the competitive season in the Belgrade U15 league. Experimental treatment lasted for seven weeks. The sample of subjects is divided into two groups: experimental - 15 volleyball players and control - 10 volleyball players. Both groups are members of the volleyball school DIF 14 years old. The sample of variables is a measure of the shoulder flexibility and the hamstring, lumbar back and pelvic flexibility. Tests applied to this research, in addition to anthropometric measurements, are standardized tests: ISKRET and Sit and Reach Test (SIR). Results with discussion To determine the statistical significance of the differences in the arithmetic mean of variables for the assessment of flexibility, a dependent samples t-test was applied. Based on the obtained results (SIR - p = .002 and ISKRET - p = .000), it can be noted that there are statistically significant differences in both variables for the assessment of flexibility, and therefore it can be stated that there were positive statistically significant partial effects of the training programs in the preparation period, thus confirming the hypothesis. Conclusion Based on the observed parameters, it can be concluded that the partial quantitative effects (changes) in all variables in the flexibility area, are obtained as a result of the applied training program during the preparation period. Keywords: training, flexibility, volleyball References Nešić, P. G. (2002). Fundamentals of anthropomotorics. Standard 2. Belgrade: Sports Academy. Lee, E.J., Etnyr, e B.R., Poindexter, H.B., Sokol, D.L. and Toon, T.J. (1989). Flexibility characteristics of elite female and male volleyball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 29 (1): 49-51.
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EFEKTI PROGRAMIRANOG TRENAŽNOG RADA NA TRANSFORMACIJU
FLEKSIBILNOSTI KOD ODBOJKAŠICA UZRASTA 14 GODINA
Goran Nešić1; Nikola Majstorović1; Vladimir Grbić1; Zoran Savić2; Saša Zornić1 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Republika Srbija 2 Univerzitet u Prištini – Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje, Leposavić, Republika Srbija Uvod Analizirajući strukturu odbojkaške igre, može se konstatovati da realizacija akcija zavisi od mogućnosti igrača/ice da izvede određene pokrete i kretanja različitog intenziteta, u različitim pravcima i različitim delovima tela, koje zahtevaju optimalno razvijene sve motoričke sposobnosti. Najčešća istraživanja u odbojci su iz prostora brzinsko-snažnih sposobnosti, a mnogo manje su prisutna ispitivanja fleksibilnosti, za koje se ne može reći da su manje važna. Problem istraživanja upravo i jeste fleksibilnost odbojkašica. Cilj istraživanja je prikaz i analiza efekata programiranog treninga na promene u fleksibilnosti odbojkašica uzrasta 14 godina. Na osnovu cilja istraživanja postavljena je jedna hipoteza: H1: Očekuje se da će pod uticajem programiranog odbojkaškog trenažnog procesa doći do značajnih kvantitativnih promena fleksibilnosti kod odbojkašica uzrasta 14 godina. Metod Metod istraživanja je eksperimentalni, a istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se u vremenski različite dve tačke utvrde kvantitativne promene fleksibilnosti kod odbojkašica uzrasta 14 godina pod uticajem programiranog trenažnog rada, koji je obuhvatio letnji pripremni period za takmičarsku sezonu u pionirskoj ligi Beograda. Eksperimentalni tretman je trajao sedam nedelja. Uzorak ispitanika je podeljen u dve grupe: eksperimentalnu – 15 odbojkašica i kontrolnu – 10 odbojkašica. Obe grupe su odbojkašice škole odbojke DIF uzrasta 14 godina. Uzorak varijabli su mera fleksibilnosti ramenog pojasa i fleksibilnost zadnje lože nakolenice, lumbalnog dela leđa i karličnog pojasa. Testovi primenjeni za ovo istraživanje, pored antropometrijskih merenja, su standardizovani testovi: iskret palicom (ISKRET) i Sit and Reach Test (SIR). Rezultati sa diskusijom Za utvrđivanje statističke značajnosti razlika aritmetičkih sredina varijabli za procenu fleksibilnosti, primenjen je t-test za zavisne uzorke. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata (SIR - p=.002 i ISKRET - p=.000), može se primetiti da postoje statistički značajne razlike kod obe varijable za procenu fleksibilnosti, te se stoga može reći da je došlo do pozitivnih statistički značajnih parcijalnih efekata trenažnog programa u pripremnom periodu, čime je potvrđena postavljena hipoteza. Zaključak Na osnovu uvida u dobijene parametre može se zaključiti, da su parcijalni kvantitativni efekti (promene) kod svih varijabli u prostoru fleksibilnosti, dobijeni kao rezultat primenjenog trenažnog programa u pripremnom periodu. Ključne reči: trening, fleksibilnost, odbojka Literatura Nešić, P. G. (2002). Osnovi antropomotorike. Standard 2. Beograd: Sportska akademija. Lee, E.J., Etnyr,e B.R., Poindexter, H.B., Sokol, D.L. i Toon, T.J. (1989). Flexibility characteristics of elite female and male volleyball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 29(1):49-51.
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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT FACTOR STRUCTURE AND SPECIFIC
PERFORMANCE OF 15-16 -YEARS OLD CYCLISTS FROM BULGARIA
Ivan Kolev National Sports Academy “Vasil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction Factor structure disclosure and identifying the main factors of physical development and specific performance is a task of particular importance. Method Subject of the following study is the system for sport selection and orientation and initial training of young cyclists. We analyze the physical development, the level of physical preparedness and technical and tactical abilities of young cyclists from the Republic of Bulgaria. Respondents of the study are 20 boys, training cycling in Bulgaria cycling clubs. For the purposes of the study we implemented the following test methods: theoretical and logical analysis of specialized scientific literature; anthropometry; sport-pedagogical testing; The applied test battery includes 15 indexes divided into the following characteristic groups: assessment of physical development – 2 indexes (incl. BMI – Body Mass Index); assessment of physical preparedness level – 7 indexes; assessment of specific technical and tactical preparedness level – 5 indexes. Results with discussion The results from the factor analysis from the baseline testing with the respondents (aged 15-16-years old) are presented as a part of special factor matrix. The factor analysis results can be applied as criterion for optimization of educational and training process during future training sessions with young Bulgaria cyclists. Conclusion Specific sport performance is a determining component of factor structure in the 15-16-years old cyclists. It is known that the process of multi-annual training process in all sports is subject to rigorous methodological logic. Keywords: cycling, factor structure, development, research, disclosure References Желязков, Цв., & Д. Дашева. (2011). Основи на спортната тренировка. София, НСА-Прес. Колев, И. (2016). Основи на подбора и ориентацията в колоезденето. Докторски труд, НСА, София.
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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE SPECIFIC ABILITY OF CYCLISTS IN THE AGE OF 15-16 YEARS
Ivan Kolev National Sports Academy “Vasil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction The development of norms base is one of the most important conditions for optimization of sport straining process. While the factor weights allow optimization of the training process in a strategic aspect (depending on the importance of the individual performance indexes), the evaluation of the results through normative tables allows for tactical (current) optimization of the training, depending on the current level of preparedness (Zhelyazkov, T., 1978). Method The aim of the following study is to optimize the training process of 15-16-year-old cyclists by development of norms base for control of physical development and cyclists’ specific workability. The test included in the study reveals physical development, sport training and help the assessment of the young cyclists’ development. Object of the study is the physical development physical training and both technical and tactical skills of young cyclists from the Republic of Bulgaria. Results with discussion For the purpose of the study we analyze the average values and variability of research indexes. On this basis a normative table was developed, which allows easy and quick assessment of each sign, giving information about physical, specific sport and technical training aspects of cyclists from the studied age group (15-16-years). Conclusion The most informative indexes for selection and sports orientation in cycling in the age group 15-16-years have been identified. Keywords: cycling, adolescents, specific, optimization References Желязков, Ц. (1978). Методологични основи на управлението и оптимизирането на спортната подготовка при висококвалифицирани спортисти. Дис. труд - дпн, ВИФ, София. Колев, И. (2016). Основи на подбора и ориентацията в колоезденето. Докторски труд, НСА, София.
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EFFECTS OF THREE-MONTH VOLLEYBALL TRAINING ON THE MOTOR SKILLS
OF THE CHILDREN
Martina Gebaj; Zvonimir Tomac; Hrvoje Ajman Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek, Faculty of education in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
Introduction Scientific research indicates that various kinesiological programs over a certain period of time positively affect the motor and functional development of the children. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of volleyball training on the development of motor skills of younger pupils. The main hypothesis of the research is that the three-week volleyball program will have a positive impact on the observed motor skills of younger schoolchildren. Method A study sample was formed of 18 girls from the Women's Volleyball Club “Bizovac”, Croatia. A sample of variables was made of eight motor skills tests. The three-month program of volleyball was conducted three times per week for 60 minutes and consisted of the learning of volleyball techniques, as well as exercises for the development of motor and functional abilities. Results with discussion The results of the study determined statistically significant positive effects on the development of all tested motor skills except coordination. Šmigalović, Bajrić and Lolić (2012) detected positive development of the general motor skills of the students, after participating in the volleyball program. Also, Selmanović, Milanović and Hrženjak (2008) concluded that a group of students who attended an extra hour of the volleyball program achieved significant positive effects on motor skills, especially in explosive power. Conclusion Various extracurricular activities improve student development and enhance their growth and development. This study points the important role of sports activities for children due to a positive influence not only on motor skills but also on growth, development, socialization, quality of life, physical and mental health. Keywords: sport activity, volleyball, motor skills, younger school children References Bompa, O. T. (2006) Periodizacija: Teorija i metodologijatreninga. Zagreb: Marjan tisak. Janković, V., Marelić, N. (2003).Odbojka za sve. Zagreb: Autorskanaklada
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EFEKTI TROMJESEČNOG TRENINGA ODBOJKE NA RAZVOJ MOTORIČKIH
SPOSOBNOSTI DJECE
Martina Gebaj; Zvonimir Tomac; Hrvoje Ajman Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Osijek, Hrvatska Uvod Istraživanja pokazuju kako različiti kineziološki programi u određenom vremenskom razdoblju pozitivno utječu na motorički i funkcionalni razvoj djece. Stoga je ovo istraživanje provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja efekata odbojkaškog treninga na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti učenica mlađe školske dobi. Glavna hipoteza istraživanja glasi: tromjesečni sportski program odbojke će pozitivno utjecati na promatrane motoričke sposobnosti djece mlađe školske dobi. Metod Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 18 djevojčica članica ženskog odbojkaškog kluba „Bizovac“ u Hrvatskoj. Uzorak varijabli činilo je osam testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti. Tromjesečni program odbojke provodio se tri puta tjedno po 60 minuta i sastojao se od usvajanja elemenata odbojkaške tehnike, te vježbi za razvoj motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Rezultati sa diskusijom Uvidom u rezultate utvrđeni su statistički značajni pozitivni efekti na razvoja svih testiranih motoričkih sposobnosti osim koordinacije. Šmigalović, Bajrić i Lolić (2012) utvrdili su poboljšanje općih motoričkih sposobnosti učenika nakon sudjelovanja u primijenjenom programu odbojke. Također, Selmanović, Milanović i Hrženjak (2008) zaključili su da je skupina učenika koja je pohađala dodatni sat odbojkaškog programa tjedno ostvarila značajniji napredak motoričkih sposobnosti, pogotovo u eksplozivnoj snazi. Zaključak Različite izvannastavne i izvanškolske aktivnosti poboljšavaju razvoj učenika i pospješuju njihov rast i razvoj. Ovim radom ukazuje se na važnost bavljenja sportom kod djece zbog pozitivnog utjecaja ne samo na motoričke sposobnosti, već i na rast, razvoj, socijalizaciju, kvalitetu života, fizičko te psihičko zdravlje. Ključne reči: sportske aktivnosti, odbojka, razvoj sposobnosti, učenici mlađe školske dobi Literatura Bompa, O. T. (2006) Periodizacija: Teorija i metodologijatreninga. Zagreb: Marjan tisak. Janković, V., Marelić, N. (2003).Odbojka za sve. Zagreb: Autorskanaklada
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOTORIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG
KARATEKAS
Miloš Mudrić; Aleksandra Lazić; Dejan Suzović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport And Physical Education, Belgrade Introduction Karate as a sport, art and skill provides a versatile effect on the overall personality of the athletes. In order to properly perform the technique in karate, a certain level of motor skills is required, and exercising of karate can influence, first of all, the improvement of explosive power, speed and coordination (Simonović, 2010). The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of training of karate on the morphological characteristics and motor skills of karatekas who train combat and who train kata. Method The survey was attended by participants of both sexes 10-12 years of age. The EUROFIT battery of tests for the assessment of motor abilities was used to test subjects. The test was conducted on a sample of 60 participants, aged 10-12 years in the territory of the city of Belgrade. The obtained results were analyzed with a T-test for independent samples. Results with discussion The obtained results indicate that there is no difference in the morphological characteristics of the subjects in both groups. The competitors in the kata performed statistically better results in most of the applied tests than the combat competitors (p≤0.05), which were better only in the test for the assessment of the flexibility. According to gender, girls who competed in combat showed better results than boys (balance, power, flexibility, strength - p≤0.05), while there wasn’t differences between kata competitors regardless of gender. This is a period when girls are already in puberty, and boys are just entering the puberty, so the obtained results can be expected. Conclusion The results of the study show that girls at this age are more dominant in most tests, to achieve better or equally good results compared to boys. Age characteristics of the sample are the most important for these results. Girls enter puberty and maturing earlier than boys, which allows biological maturity to be seen as an important factor in achieving better results at this age, which changes with age-related characteristics (Aleksić, 2015). Keywords: karate, kata, combat, motor abilities References Aleksić, B. (2015). Razlike motoričkih sposobnosti karatista juniorskog uzrasta prema polu i prema specijalizaciji. Master rad. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Simonović, Z., Kozomora, G., Mujanović, R. i Projović, A. (2010). Razlika u morfološkim karakteristikama između nesportista i karatista. Zbornik radova, Deveti međunarodni naučni skup FIS komunikacije u sportu, fizičkom vaspitanju i rekreaciji, 489-495. Niš: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja
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MORFOLOŠKE I MOTORIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE MLADIH KARATISTA
Miloš Mudrić; Aleksandra Lazić; Dejan Suzović Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd Uvod Karate kao sport, umetnost i veština omogućava svestran uticaj na celokupnu ličnost vežbača. Da bi se tehnika u karateu pravilno i efikasno izvodila, neophodan je određeni nivo motoričkih sposobnosti, a vežbanjem karatea može da utiče, pre svega, na poboljšanje eksplozivne snage, brzine i koordinacije (Simonović, 2010). Cilj rada je da se utvrdi uticaj treninga karatea na morfološke karakteristike i motoričke sposobnosti karatista koji treniraju borbe i koji treniraju kate. Metod U istraživanju su učestvovali ispitanici oba pola uzrasta 10-12 godina. Za testiranje ispitanika korišćena je EUROFIT baterija testova za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti. Testiranje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 60 ispitanika, uzrasta od 10-12 godina na teritoriji grada Beograda. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su T-test-om za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati sa diskusijom Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da nema razlike kada je reč o morfološkim karakteristikama ispitanika u obe grupe. Takmičari u katama ostvarili su statistički bolje rezultate u većini primenjenih testova od takmičara u borbama (p≤0,05), koji su bili bolji samo u testu za procenu gipkosti. Kada je reč o razlici prema polu, devojčice koje se takmiče u borbama pokazale su bolje rezultate od dečaka (ravnoteža, snaga, gipkost, jačina - p≤0,05), dok su takmičari u katama ostvarili ujednačene rezultate nezavisno od pola. S obzirom da je ovo period kada se devojčice već nalaze u pubertetu, a dečaci tek ulaze dobijeni rezultati mogu da budu očekivani. Zaključak Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su devojčice u ovom uzrastu dominantnije u većini testova tj. da ostvaruju bolje ili podjednako dobre rezultate u odnosu na dečake. Uzrasne karakteristike uzorka su najviše zaslužne za ovakve rezultate. Devojčice ranije ulaze u pubertet i ranije sazrevaju od dečaka, što omogućava da se biološka zrelost ispolji kao važan činilac za ostvarenje boljih rezultata u ovom uzrastu, a što se menja sa uzrasnim karakteristikama (Aleksić, 2015). Ključne reči: karate, kate, borbe, motoričke sposobnosti Literatura Aleksić, B. (2015). Razlike motoričkih sposobnosti karatista juniorskog uzrasta prema polu i prema specijalizaciji. Master rad. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Simonović, Z., Kozomora, G., Mujanović, R. i Projović, A. (2010). Razlika u morfološkim karakteristikama između nesportista i karatista. Zbornik radova, Deveti međunarodni naučni skup FIS komunikacije u sportu, fizičkom vaspitanju i rekreaciji, 489-495. Niš: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja
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THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN EXPLAINING CADET
KARATEKAS’ GRADES
Miroljub Ivanović1; Uglješa Ivanović2 1 College of vocational studies for teachers and professional computer scientists – Sirmium, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia 2 Telekom Srbija, ltd. Belgrade, Serbia Introduction The aim of this research was to examine the contribution the dimensions of temperament (self-control, positive and negative affects), emotional regulation and internalizing and externalizing adjustment problems of karatekas (cadets) in explaining the variance of school grades. Method The early adolescence temperament questionnaire, Emotional regulation and control questionnaire, and the self/report behavior scale were applied on the pertinent sample of 154 karatekas in early adolescence from Valjevo. The obtained internal consistency coefficient of the measuring instruments was satisfactory. Results with discussion Conducting hierarchical regression analysis, it was determined that, with 4.5% of explained variance, partial dimensions of temperament and emotional regulation were statistically significant determinants in explaining the criterion of general school success of the participants in the stage of early adolescence (p ≤ 0.05). Those who are prone to anger, are minimally timid, and are more successful in emotional regulation had higher grades in school. The obtained results have revealed that the individual factors are the relevant variables for determining school success among cadet karatekas in Serbia. Conclusion Theoretical and practical implications of the obtained findings were analyzed within the context of current models and research results. Keywords: adolescence, self-regulation, affectivity, emotions, school success References Carlo, G., Mestre, M. V., McGinley, M. M., Tur-Porcar, A., Samper, P., & Opal, D. (2014). The protective role of prosocial behaviors on antisocial behaviors: the mediating effects of deviant peer affiliation. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 359–366.
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UTICAJ NEKIH INDIVIDUALNIH FAKTORA U OBJAŠNJENJU ŠKOLSKOG USPEHA
KARATISTA U KADETSKOM UZRASTU
Miroljub Ivanović1; Uglješa Ivanović2 1 Visoka škola strukovnih studija za vaspitače i poslovne informatičare – Sirmijum u Sremskoj Mitrovici, Srbija 2 Telekom Srbija, ltd. Beograd, Srbija Uvod Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje doprinosa dimenzija temperamenta (samokontrola, pozitivna i negativna afektivnost), emocionalne regulacije i internalizovanih i eksternalizovanih problema u prilagođavanju karatista (kadeta) u objašnjenju varijanse školskog uspeha. Metod Na prigodnom uzorku od 154 karatista ranog adolescentskog uzrasta iz Valjeva primenjeni su Upitnik temperamenta u ranoj adolescenciji (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001), Upitnik emocionalne regulacije i kontrole (Takšić, 2003) i Skala samoprocene ponašanja mladih – YSR (Achenbach i Rescorla, 2001). Dobijeni koeficijenti interne konzistentnosti korišćenih mernih instrumenata su zadovoljavajući. Rezultati sa diskusijom Hijerarhijskom regresionom analizom utvrđeno je uz 4,5% objašnjenje varijanse, da su parcijalne dimenzije temperamenta i emocionalne regulacije, statistički značajne determinante u tumačenju kriterijuma opšteg školskog uspeha ispitanika u ranoj adolescenciji (p<,05). Veće školske ocene imali su karatisti koji su skloniji ljutnji, minimalnoj plašljivosti i uspešnijoj kontroli sopstvenih emocija. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su individualni faktori relevantne varijable za predikciju varijabiliteta školskog postignuća kod kadetske populacije karatista u Republici Srbiji. Zaključak Analizirane su teorijske i praktične implikacije dobijenih nalaza u kontekstu sadašnjih modela i rezultata istraživanja. Ključne reči: rana adolescencija, samokontrola, afektivnost, emocije, školsko postignuće Literatura Carlo, G., Mestre, M. V., McGinley, M. M., Tur-Porcar, A., Samper, P., & Opal, D. (2014). The protective role of prosocial behaviors on antisocial behaviors: the mediating effects of deviant peer affiliation. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 359–366.
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DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR
ABILITIES BETWEEN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL AND HANDBALL CADET PLAYERS
Nikola Majstorović; Zoran Valdevit; Dejan Ilić; Dimitrije Mitrović; Milica Simić Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Volleyball and handball, as a related team sports in which the ball is manipulated by hands, also imply a large number of similar characteristics of the players themselves (Bayios, 2006). These similarities lead to frequent mistakes in the selection of children for taking part in one of these two sports. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities between female volleyball players and handball cadet players. Method The sample of subjects consisted of 20 volleyball players (13.83 ± 0.75 years) members of the Volleyball School “DIF” and 20 handballers (13.98 ± 0.24) of the RK “Junior” from Belgrade. This group of tests is selected because it can be easily performed in field conditions, and which evaluates the morphological characteristics and motor abilities that are most important in these sports branches: body height (TV), body mass (TM), body mass index (BMI), arm span (RR), sit and reach test (PuS), “Sargent” test (S), medicine ball throw (BM) and “X test” (X). All tests were carried out with a standardized apparatus. A comparative statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20 data analysis package, and the statistical procedure used was the independent samples T-test. Results with discussion Significant differences were found for the variables TV (p = 0.04), RR (p = 0.005) and PuS (0.003) in favor of subjects from the volleyball sample. The obtained results from the area of the body dimensions are in accordance with the previous studies, while the results of the PuS test can be explained by the greater role of flexibility in the elements of volleyball defense in relation to the handball. Further research should include a larger number of subjects, as well as an extended battery of tests that would keep the precondition for simple performance in field conditions. Conclusion Distinctive body longitudinally, represented through TV and RR, provides a good clue in the direction of the volleyball game. The conducted research contributes to the recognition of significant characteristics that can assist both trainers and participants in the selection of one of the mentioned sports games. Keywords: handball, volleyball, body dimensions References Bayios, I., Bergeles, N., Apostolidis, N., Noutsos, K., Koskolou, M. (2006). Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype differences of Greek elite female basketball, volleyball and handball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46 (2), 271-280.
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RAZLIKE U MORFOLOŠKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA I MOTORIČKIM
SPOSOBNOSTIMA IZMEĐU ODBOJKAŠICA I RUKOMETAŠICA KADETSKOG UZRASTA
Nikola Majstorović; Zoran Valdevit; Dejan Ilić; Dimitrije Mitrović; Milica Simić Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
Uvod Odbojka i rukomet, kao srodne timske sportske igre u kojima se loptom manipuliše rukama, podrazumevaju i veliki broj sličnih karakteristika samih igrača (Bayios, 2006). Ove sličnosti dovode do čestih grešaka u selekciji dece za bavljenje jednim od ova dva sporta. Cilj ove studije je utvrđivanje razlika u morfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima između odbojkašica i rukometašica kadetskog uzrasta. Metod Uzorak ispitanica se sastojao od 20 odbojkašica (13,83±0,75 godina) članica Škole odbojke „DIF“ i 20 rukometašica (13,98±0,24) članica RK „Junior“ iz Beograda. Odabrana je baterija testova koja može jednostavno da se izvede u terenskim uslovima, a kojom se procenjuju morfološke karakteristike i motoričke sposobnosti koje su najzastupljenije u ovim sportskim granama: telesna visina (TV), telesna masa (TM), indeks telesne-mase (BMI), raspon ruku (RR), pretklon u sedu (PuS), „Sardžent“ test (S), bacanje medicinke (BM) i „X test“ (X). Svi testovi su sprovedeni standardizovanom aparaturom. Uporedna statistička analiza je izvršena uz pomoć paketa za analizu podataka SPSS 20, a korišćena statistička procedura je T-test za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati sa diskusijom Značajne razlike su utvrđene kod varijabli TV (p= 0,04), RR (p= 0,005) i PuS (0,003) u korist ispitanica iz uzorka odbojkašica. Dobijeni rezultati iz prostora telesnih dimenzija su u skladu sa prethodnim studijama dok rezultati testa PuS mogu da se objasne većom ulogom fleksibilnosti u elementima igranja odbrane u odbojci u odnosu na rukomet. Dalja istraživanja bi trebalo da uključe veći broj ispitanika, kao i proširenu bateriju testova koja bi zadržala odrednice jednostavnog izvođenja u terenskim uslovima. Zaključak Izražena telesna longitudinalnost, predstavljena kroz TV i RR, pruža dobru odrednicu u usmeravanju ka odbojkaškoj igri. Sprovedeno istraživanje doprinosi prepoznavanju značajnih karakteristika koje mogu pomoći, kako trenerima, tako i samim polaznicima u odabiru jedne od pomenutih sportskih igara. Ključne reči: rukomet, odbojka, telesne dimenzije Literatura Bayios, I., Bergeles, N., Apostolidis, N., Noutsos, K., Koskolou, M. (2006). Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype differences of Greek elite female basketball,volleyball and handball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(2), 271-280.
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Social-humanistic aspects of physical education, sport
and recreation
Društveno humanistički aspekti fizičkog vaspitanja,
sporta i rekreacije
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SOURCES AND MAGNITUDE OF PERCEIVED COMPETITIVE STRESS IN
WOMEN'S VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Ana Vesković1; Nikola Petrović2; Goran Nešić1 1 Fakultet of Sporta and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbja 2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade, Serbja Introduction The stress athletes experience during competitions is often intense. There are different perspectives in studies of competitive stress. Some studies have focused on identifying the stressors (i.e. demands) encountered by performers. Specifically, researchers have not considered specific and unique stressors in volleyball. The purpose of present study was twofold: to create a questionnaire to assess the sources of competitive stressors in volleyball and to compare perceived magnitude of various competition stressors. Method The sample consisted of 59 female volleyball players. The average age of the participants was 18.8±4.1 years and the average sports experience was 8.8±3.3 years. In the first phase participants (independent sample N=28) were asked to list the three most common competitive stressors in volleyball and to assess their frequency. Analysis of the obtained data led to the creation of a questionnaire of competitive stressors in volleyball, which contained 22 items. The respondents evaluated the degree of stressfulness of the listed competitive situations on a 5-point Likert scale (from 1- not at all to 5- extremely). For the processing of data Factor analysis (Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation), the Cronbach’s alpha, descriptive statistics, MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were used. Results with discussion Factor analysis extracted four factors which explained 64.87% of variability: Pressure, Challenge, Teammate's mistakes, Personal mistekes. Cronbach alpha values renged from .65 to.75. Based on the analysis of variance for repeated measurements, with the Bonferroni post-hoc test, we can conclude that there is a difference in degree of perceived competition stressors, Wilk's Λ is 0.24, F (1.68) = 1555.7, p <0.000, whereby the most intense is Personal mistekes (M=3.4 SD=.68), followed by Pressure (M=3.2 SD=1.03), then Challenge (M=2.4 SD=.74) and Teammate's mistakes (M=2.3 SD=.72) whose intensity the respondents estimated to be equal. There was no statistically significant difference in perceived competitive stressors based on age, F (4, 53) =.453, p < .005; Wilk's Λ = .064. Conclusion Future research in this area should focus on development and improvement of the metric characteristics of the instrument, on a larger sample of respondents of both sexes, and to determine the relationship between the stressors and the efficiency of the coping mechanisms. Keywords: competitive stress, stressors, volleyball References Neil, R., Fletcher, D, Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2007). (Re)conceptualising competition stress in sport performers. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 3(2), 23-31. Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(7), 729-744.
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IZVORI I INTENZITET OPAŽENOG TAKMIČARSKOG STRESA
U ŽENSKOJ ODBOJCI
Ana Vesković1; Nikola Petrović2; Goran Nešić1 1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija 2 Odeljenje za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Stresovi koji sportisti dožive tokom takmičenja često su intenzivni. Takmičarski stres se proučava iz različitih perspektiva. Jedna grupa proučavanja fokusirana je na identifikaciju stresora (tj. zahteva) sa kojima se susreću sportisti. Konkretno, do sada nisu proučavani specifični i jedinstveni stresori u odbojci. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio dvostruki: da se kreira upitnik namenjen proceni takmičarskih stresora u odbojci i da se oni uporede prema intenzitetu. Metod Uzorak je činilo 59 odbojkašica. Prosečna starost ispitanica bila je 18,8 ± 4,1 godina, a prosečno iskustvo u sportu 8,8 ± 3,3 godine. U prvoj fazi istraz ivanja od uc esnika (nezavisni uzorak N = 28) je zatraz eno da navedu tri najc es c a takmic arska stresora i da procene uc estalost njihovog javljanja. Analizom dobijenih odgovora kreiran je upitnik takmičarskih stresora u odbojci, koji je sadržao 22 stavke. Ispitanice su procenjivale stepen stresogenosti navedenih situacija na takmičenju na petostepenoj Likertovoj skali (od 1 - uopšte ne do 5 - ekstremno). Za obradu podataka primenjena je Faktorska analiza (metod Glavnih komponenti sa Varimax rotacijom), Cronbach alfa, deskriptivna statistika, MANOVA i ANOVA za ponovljena merenja. Rezultati sa diskusijom Faktorskom analizom izdvojeno je četiri faktora koji objašnjavaju 64,87% varijanse: Pritisak, Izazov, Greške saigrača, Lične greške. Vrednosti Cronbach alpha koeficijenata su u rasponu od ,65 do,75. Na osnovu analize varijanse za ponovljena merenja, uz Bonferroni post-hoc test, zaključeno je da postoji statistički značajna razika u intenzitetu stresora, Wilk's Λ is 0,24, F (1,68) = 1555,7, p <0.000, pri čemu je najintenzivniji Lične greške (M=3,4 SD=,68), zatim sledi Pritisak (M=3.2 SD=1.03), Izazov (M=2,4 SD=,74) i Greške saigrača (M=2,3 SD=,72) čiji intenzitet je jednak. Razlika u intenzitetu opaženih takmičarskih stresora između različitih uzrasta nije značajna, F (4, 53) =,453, p < ,005; Wilk's Λ = ,064. Zaključak Naredna istraživanja treba da se fokusiraju na razvoj i unapređivanje metrijskih karakteristika instrumenta, da budu izvedena na većim uzorcima ispitanika oba pola i poželjno je utvrditi povezanost između stresora i efikasnosti mehanizama prevladavanja. Ključne reči: takmičarski stres, stresori, odbojka Literatura Neil, R., Fletcher, D, Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2007). (Re)conceptualising competition stress in sport performers. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 3(2), 23-31. Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(7), 729-744.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND
PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT IN ADOLESCENTS
Dajana Janović; Ana Orlić; Dušanka Lazarević; Snežana Radisavljević Janić Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Various studies indicate that the level of physical activity of adolescents is connected with perception of their own body and motor abilities. Also, it is shown that the level of physical activity decreases in adolescence, especially in female students. The aim of the research was to investigate predictive validity of variables that may be of importance for the level of physical activity of adolescents: age, gender and dimensions of physical self-concept. Method The sample consisted of 268 students (160 female and 108 male) of elementary and secondary school, middle age 15.47±1.75. The instruments applied in this study were: Physical Activity Questionnaire – PAQA and Physical Self-Description Questionnaire – PSDQ40, and additional questions about age and gender. For data processing, correlation and regression analyses were used. Results with discussion The results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the score on PAQA questionnaire and the majority of subscales of PSDQ40 questionnaire. In order to examine the predictive validity of the variables for physical activity level, a Hierarchical regression analysis was applied. In the first block predictors were gender and age, and in the second block eleven subscales of the PSDQ40 questionnaire. Regression function was significant in the first block, R=.51, R2=.26, F (2, 265) = 45.90, p=.00, and significant predictors were gender and age. By adding a subscales of the PSDQ40 questionnaire in the second block, the percentage of explained variance increased significantly, R=.81, R2=.66, F (13, 254) = 38.50, p=.00, ΔR2=.41, p=.00, and significant predictors become subscales health, coordination, physical activity, sport competence and endurance. These results indicate that the level of physical activity will be higher in adolescents of male gender, younger adolescents, and those who evaluate themselves more positively on the previously mentioned dimensions of physical self-concept. Conclusion The results indicate that, in order to increase the physical activity level of adolescents, it is necessary to strengthen a physical self-concept taking into account age and gender specificity. Keywords: physical activity, physical self-concept, adolescents, gender, age References Marsh, H.W., A. Papaioannou & Y. Theodorakis. (2006). Causal ordering of physical self-concept and exercise behavior: reciprocal effects model and the influence of physical education teachers. Health Psychology, 25(3), 316-328. Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. Canada: College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan.
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RELACIJE FIZIČKOG SELF-KONCEPTA I FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI ADOLESCENATA
Dajana Janović; Ana Orlić; Dušanka Lazarević; Snežana Radisavljević Janić Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Istraživanja ukazuju da je nivo fizičke aktivnosti adolescenata povezan sa njihovom percepcijom sopstvenog tela i motoričkih sposobnosti. Takođe, pokazano je da u u adolescenciji opada nivo fizičke aktivnosti, posebno kod učenica. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita u kojoj se meri nivo fizičke aktivnosti adolescenata može predvideti na osnovu njihovog pola i uzrasta, kao i na osnovu dimenzija fizičkog self-koncepta. Metod Uzorak je činilo 268 učenika (160 devojčica i 108 dečaka) osnovne i srednje škole, prosečnog uzrasta 15,47± 1,75 godina. Primenjena su dva upitnika: Upitnik za merenje nivoa fizičke aktivnosti (Physical Activity Questionnaire – PAQA) i upitnik za merenje fizičkog self-koncepta (Physical Self-Description Questionnaire – PSDQ40) kojima su dodata pitanja o polu i uzrastu. Za obradu podataka primenjene su korelaciona i regresiona analiza. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su pokazali da postoji značajna pozitivna korelacija između skora na upitniku PAQA i većine supskala upitnika PSDQ40. Da bi se utvrdila prediktivna vrednost ispitivanih varijabli za nivo fizičke aktivnost sprovedena je hijerarhijska regresiona analiza u kojoj su u prvom bloku prediktori bili pol i uzrast, a u drugom jedanaest supskala upitnika PSDQ40. Regresiona funkcija je značajna u prvom bloku, R=,51, R2=,26, F (2, 265) = 45,90, p=,00, a prediktori su pol i uzrast. Dodavanjem supskala instrumenta PSDQ40 u drugom bloku značajno je porastao procenat objašnjene varijanse, R=,81, R2=,66, F (13, 254) = 38,50, p=,00, ΔR2=,41, p=,00, a značajni prediktori postaju i supskale zdravlje, koordinacija, fizička aktivnost, sportska kompetentnost i izdržljivost. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da će nivo fizičke aktivnosti biti veći kod adolescenata muškog pola, mlađih adolescenata, kao i onih koji sebe procenjuju pozitivnije na navedenim dimenzijama fizičkog self-koncepta. Zaključak Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je u cilju povećanja fizičke aktivnosti adolescenata potrebno kroz nastavni proces jačati fizički self-koncept uzimajući u obzir uzrasne i polne specifičnosti. Ključne reči: fizička aktivnost, fizički self-koncept, adolescenti, pol, uzrast Literatura Marsh, H.W., A. Papaioannou & Y. Theodorakis. (2006). Causal ordering of physical self-concept and exercise behavior: reciprocal effects model and the influence of physical education teachers. Health Psychology, 25(3), 316-328. Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. Canada: College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan.
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SELF-PERCEPTION OF SPORTING ABILITIES OF FEMALE ATHLETES WHEN
COMPARED WITH ATHLETES OF THE SAME AND OPPOSITE SEX
Jelica Petrović; Jovana Trbojević University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Novi Sad, Serbia
Introduction Sport was for years the dominant masculine category of physical activity. Only at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth century women slowly entered the sports scene, first only in higher circles of socio-economic status, and later, during the twentieth century, the competition categories (Đorđić, 2013). Due to gender stereotypes, there are still today many differences both in number of male/female athletes in sport, as in the perception of female athletes of their sporting abilities. This research examines whether female athletes differently assess their sporting ability when comparing themselves to female athletes and to male athletes who train the same sport. Method The sample consisted of 24 female athletes who play football (N=13) and volleyball (N=11) in the Super League of Serbia, aged 14 to 27, who are active in sport for an average of 9.95 years. The athletes filled in socio - demographic questionnaire, and two items related to the self-assessment of sports skills: “What grade would you rate yourself as a player in relation to female athletes, your age, who are engaged in this sport?” And “What grade would you rate yourself as a player in relation to male athletes, your age, who are engaged in this sport?”. Results with discussion The results show that there are significant differences in the estimation of the female athlete's sporting abilities when assessing themselves in relation to female athletes and when assessing themselves in relation to male athletes of the same age from the same sport (t (22)=5.97, p=.00). Female athletes consider themselves to be less successful, less capable when they compare themselves to male athletes of the same age and from the same sport. Conclusion These results point to clear gender stereotypes in sports, at the highest level of competition in Serbia - Super League. Female athletes in elite sport think of themselves as less capable than male athletes of the same competition rank and age. The results point to the need to establish programs of positive affirmation of women in sport, but also programs that would be directed at sports experts in order to change public opinion and professional awareness about women's sport. Keywords: women's sport, elite sport, self-evaluation of sports skills References Đorđić, V. (2013). Žene u sportu- Osvanje slobode. U Srdić, M. (Ur.), Izveštavanje o sportu: uvođenje rodne dimenzije (str. 13-17). Kikinda: Centar za podršku ženama.
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SAMOPERCEPCIJA SPORTSKIH SPOSOBNOSTI SPORTISTKINJA KADA SE
POREDE SA SPORTISTIMA ISTOG I SUPROTNOG POLA
Jelica Petrović; Jovana Trbojević Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet, Odsek za psihologiju, Novi Sad, Srbija Uvod Bavljenje sportom godinama unazad bila je dominantno maskulina kategorija fizičke aktivnosti. Tek krajem devetnaestog i početkom dvadesetog veka žene polako ulaze na sportsku scenu, prvo samo u višim krugovima socio-ekonomskog statusa, a kasnije, tokom dvadesetog veka i u okviru takmičarskih kategorija (Đorđić, 2013). Usled rodnih stereotipa i danas postoje brojne polne razlike kako u stepenu bavljenja sportom, tako i u samoj percepciji sportistkinja u pogledu njihove sportske sposobnosti. Ovo istraživanje ispituje da li sportistkinje različito procenjuju svoju sportsku sposobnost kada se porede sa sportistkinjama i kada se porede sa sportistima koji se bave istim sportom. Metod Uzorak se sastojao od 24 sportistkinje koje igraju fudbal (N=13) i odbojku (N=11) u Super ligi Srbije, uzrasta od 14. do 27. godina, koje se aktivno bave sportom u proseku 9.95 godina. Sportistkinje su popunile socio-demografske podatke, nakon čega su odgovorile na dva ajtema koja su se odnosila na samoprocenu sportske sposobnosti: „Kojom ocenom bi ocenila sebe kao igrača u odnosu na sportistkinje, tvog uzrasta, koje se bave ovim sportom?“ i „Kojom ocenom bi ocenila sebe kao igrača u odnosu na sportiste, tvog uzrasta, koji se bave ovim sportom?“. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati pokazuju da postoje značajne razlike u proceni sportske sposobnosti sportistkinja kada sebe procenjuju u odnosu na sportistkinje i kada procenjuju sebe u odnosu na sportiste istog uzrasta iz istog sporta (t(22)=5,97, p=,00). Sportistkinje procenjuju sebe kao manje uspešne, manje sposobne kada porede sebe sa sportistima istog uzrasta i iz istog sporta. Zaključak Ovi rezultati ukazuju na jasne rodne stereotipe u sportu, i to na najvišem rangu takmičenja u Srbiji – Super ligi. Sportistkinje u vrhunskom sportu procenjuju sebe kao manje sposobne u odnosu na sportiste istog ranga i uzrasta. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu da se formiraju programi afirmacije žena u sportu, ali i programi koji bi bili usmereni na sportske stručnjake u cilju menjanje javnog mnjenja i stručne svesti o ženskom sportu.
Ključne reči: ženski sport, vrhunski sport, samoprocena sportske sposobnosti Literatura Đorđić, V. (2013). Žene u sportu- Osvajanje slobode. U Srdić, M. (Ur.), Izveštavanje o sportu: uvođenje rodne dimenzije (str. 13-17). Kikinda: Centar za podršku ženama.
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DROPPING OUT OF SPORTS IN ADOLESCENCE - THE SITUATION IN SERBIA
Jovana Trbojević; Jelica Petrović University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Novi Sad, Serbia
Introduction Dropping out of sports in adolescence is one of the most important contemporary issues of youth sports. A high percentage of young people who drop out of sports affects the society, the psychophysical health of the individual, but also the higher level of sports itself. Since top athletes are identified and selected during the period of adolescence, the dropping out of sports affects the quality of the selection, as well as the further development of elite and national sports. So far, the process of dropping out of sports in adolescence has not been investigated in Serbia, and this research deals with the classification of adolescents who drop out of sports. Method The sample consisted of 383 participants aged between 12 and 17 years (49.9% of boys) who were actively engaged in sports (handball, volleyball, basketball) for at least a year. In mid-2017, the first data of sports participation and socio-demographic data were collected. At the beginning of 2018, clubs were contacted in order to check which number of participants dropped out of sports. Results with discussion The results show that over a period of 10 months, 11.5% of participants dropped out of sports. Participants who dropped out of the sport are average age of 13.7 years, mostly from city, with an average socioeconomic status. They come from families where at least one parent was an athlete and where there is more than one child. The participants who played basketball and volleyball had higher dropping out range, then handball players. In relation to the type of sport, basketball male players, volleyball and handball female players dropped out of sports more than others. Conclusion These are the first data on the percentage of adolescents who have dropped out of sports in Serbia, who are in line with previous studies in the world where between 17% and 35% of adolescents drop out of sports annually (Vella, Cliff, & Okely, 2014). It is necessary to continue research in order to create preventive and educational programs which will improve the youth sport. Keywords: dropping out of sports, adolescence, youth sport References: Vella, S.A. Cliff, D.P. & Okley, A.D. (2014). Socio‒ecological predictors of participation anddropout in organised sports during childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11:62 doi:10.1186/1479‒5868‒11‒62
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ODUSTAJANJE OD SPORTA U ADOLESCENCIJI – STANJE U SRBIJI
Jovana Trbojević; Jelica Petrović Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet, Odsek za psihologiju, Novi Sad, Srbija
Uvod Odustajanje od sporta u adolescenciji predstavlja jedno od značajnih savremenih pitanja omladinskog sporta. Visok procenat mladih koji odustaju od sporta, utiče na društveni sistem jedne države, psihofizičko zdravlje pojedinca, ali i na sam sport na višem nivou. Budući da se vrhunski sportisti identifikuju i selektuju upravo tokom perioda adolescencije, odustajanje od sporta utiče na sam kvalitet selekcije, te i na dalji razvoj vrhunskog, ali i nacionalnog sporta. Do sada u Srbiji nije istraživan proces odustajanja od sporta u adolescenciji, te se ovo istraživanje bavi upravo klasifikovanjem adolescenata koji odustaju od sporta. Metod Uzorak se sastojao od 383 ispitanika, uzrasta od 12. do 17. godina (49,9% dečaka) koji se aktivno bave sportom (rukomet, odbojka, košarka) minimum godinu dana. Tokom sredine 2017. godine prikupljeni su prvi podaci o učešću ispitanika u sportu i socio-demografski podaci. Početkom 2018. godine kontaktirani su klubovi u cilju provere koji broj ispitanika je odustao od bavljenja sportom. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati pokazuju da je u periodu od 10 meseci, 11,5% ispitanika odustalo od bavljenja sportom. Ispitanici koji su odustali od sporta su prosečne starosti od 13,7 godina, većim delom iz grada, prosečnog socio-ekonomskog statusa. Potiču iz porodica gde se bar jedan roditelj bavio sportom i gde ima više od jednog deteta. U najvećoj meri su odustajali ispitanici koji su se bavili košarkom, zatim odbojkom, pa rukometom. U odnosu na vrstu sporta, košarkaši, odbojkašice i rukometašice su u većoj meri odustali od sporta nakon osam do deset meseci. Zaključak Ovo su prvi podaci o procentu adolescenata koji su odustali od bavljenja sportom, koji su u skladu sa ranijim istraživanjima sprovedenim u svetu koja navode da na godišnjem nivou od sporta odustane između 17% do 35% adolescenata (Vella, Cliff, & Okely, 2014). Neophodno je nastaviti istraživanja u cilju kreiranja preventivnih i edukativnih programa u cilju unapređenja omladinskog sporta. Ključne reči: odustajanje od sporta, adolescencija, omladinski sport Literatura Vella, S.A. Cliff, D.P. & Okley, A.D. (2014). Socio‒ecological predictors of participation anddropout in organised sports during childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11:62 doi:10.1186/1479‒5868‒11‒62
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BELIEFS ABOUT THE MORALITY OF SPORTS PSYCHOLOGISTS BEHAVIOR
Nikola Petrović1; Ana Vesković2 1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction The ethical behavior of sport psychologists is extremely important because it affects their competence. The ability of recognising and development of sensitivity for specific ethical questions and possible ethical dilemmas is crucial for ethical behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine beliefs about how a psychologist should act in dealing with some ethically challenging situations in sport. Method The sample consisted of 59 students (37 women and 22 men) of the Faculty of sport and physical education (N= 25) and Department of Psychology of The Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade (N=34). The average age of the participants is 21.44 years (SD=1.34). The survey consisted of two sections: the first section of the questionnaire developed for this study concerned general information about the respondents (age, sex and faculty). The second section contained 4 vignettes, each describing dilemmas specific for professional practice: confidentiality problems, setting of boundaries, autonomy issues. For the processing of quantitative data, descriptive statistics and χ² test were applied, and for the processing of qualitative data the method of logical analysis. Results with discussion The greatest consensus was achieved regarding behaviors related to setting boundaries in relations (conduct of psychologists in non-formal situations and sexual attraction between psychologists and athletes) and when it comes to a conflict of loyalty (conflicting interests of an athlete and club). Differences between future athletic trainers and future psychologists were obtained in assessing the behavior of the psychologist in regards to autonomy issues (χ²(2)=9.072, p<.05) as well as confidentiality issues (χ² (2) = 8.250, p <.05). A significantly higher percentage of future trainers (76%) than future psychologists (38.2%) think that a psychologist should encourage a successful athlete to continue to train, even if he or she does not want it. On the other hand, a significantly higher percentage of future psychologists (70.59) than future trainers (40%) think that psychologist has to tell the athlete that his parents violate the principle of confidentiality. A significant number of students gave answers that are not consistent with the characteristics of the psychology of sports and sports culture (for example, that any crossing of boundaries does not present their violation and is not harmful to the client). Conclusion The results of this research indicate the need to introduce formal education and training in professional ethics. Keywords: ethics, ethical dilemmas, sport psychology References Vesković, A. V., & Petrović, N. M. (2017). Etičko obrazovanje u primenjenoj psihologiji sporta. Fizička kultura, 71(2), 127-136. Moore, Z.E. (2003). Ethical Dilemmas in Sport Psychology: Discussion and Recommendations for Practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 601–610.
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UVERENJA O ETIČNOSTI PONAŠANJA SPORTSKIH PSIHOLOGA
Nikola Petrović1; Ana Vesković2 1 Odeljenje za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija 2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Etičko ponašanje sportskih psihologa je izuzetno značajno zato što utiče na njihovu kompetentnost. Za etičko ponašanje psihologa od suštinskog značaja je sposobnost prepoznavanja i razvoja osetljivosti za specifična etička pitanja i moguće etičke dileme. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju uverenja o tome kako bi psiholog trebalo da postupi u suočavanju sa određenim etički upitnim situacijama u sportu. Metod Uzorak je činilo 59 studenata (37 žena i 22 muškaraca) Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja (N= 25) i Odeljenja za psihologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu (N=34). Prosečna starost ispitanika bila je 21,44 godine (SD=1,34). Prvi deo upitnika, kreiranog za ovo istraživanje, posvećen je prikupljanju opštih informacija (uzrast, pol i fakultet koji studiraju). Drugi deo sadrži 4 vinjete koje opisuju moguće dileme profesionalne prakse: pravo na slobodan izbor, poverljivost, postavljanje granica u odnosu. Za obradu kvantitativnih podataka primenjeni su deskriptivna statistika i χ² test, za obradu kvalitativnih metod logičke analize. Rezultati sa diskusijom Najveća saglasnost ispitanika postignuta je oko ponašanja koja se odnose na postavljanje granica u odnosu (ponašanje psihologa u neformalnim situacijama i seksualna privlačnost između psihologa i sportiste) i kada je u pitanju konflikt lojalnosti (sukobljeni interesi sportiste i kluba). Razlike između budućih sportskih trenera i budućih psihologa dobijene su u proceni postupanja psihologa oko prava na slobodni izbor (χ²(2)=9,072, p<,05) i oko problema poverljivosti (χ²(2)=8,250, p<,05). Znatno veći procenat budućih trenera (64%) nego budućih psihologa (39,2%) smatra da psiholog treba da podstiče uspešnog sportistu da nastavi da trenira iako on to ne želi. Znatno veći procenat budućih psihologa (70,6%) nego budućih trenera (36%) smatra da psiholog mora da otkrije sportisti kada roditelji narušavaju načelo poverljivosti. Veliki broj studenata nije dao odgovore koji su usklađeni sa karakteristikama psihologije sporta i sportske kulture (na primer, da svaki prelazak granica ne predstavlja njihovo kršenje i nije štetno po klijenta). Zaključak Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu uvođenja formalne edukacije i treninga iz profesionalne etike. Ključne reči: etika, etičke dileme, psihologija sporta Literatura Vesković, A. V., & Petrović, N. M. (2017). Etičko obrazovanje u primenjenoj psihologiji sporta. Fizička kultura, 71(2), 127-136. Omore, Z.E. (2003). Ethical Dilemmas in Sport Psychology: Discussion and Recommendations for Practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 601–610.
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DIFFERENCES IN PRE-COMPETITION ANXIETY IN YOUNG
FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS
Nives Jakus; Marijana Čavala; Hrvoje Karninčić; Miodrag Spasić; Josefina Đuzel Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia Introduction In addition to motor variables, more and more authors are investigating psychological and social variables, considering that they are just crucial to success in sports (Rogulj i sur., 2006; Woodmana & Hardya, 2003). This research consider pre-game anxiety in handball players of younger age, before the games of lesser and greater importance. Method Sample: 32 participants filled out two questionnaires, one immediately before the toughest match, and one just before the easiest match. For each dimension of the questionnaire, Cronbach-Alpha reliability parameters and mean inter-item correlations were calculated. Variables describing the sample and the psychological variables were processed by descriptive statistics. The normality of distribution was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the differences between the groups were tested with the One-way ANOVA test. Results with discussion The research has shown that female handball players cadet-sized are more somatic and cognitively anxious before important matches than before minor, light matches. To assume it would be that players less important games would have greater confidence but, although the difference is apparent, it is not statistically significant. Based on the results, it is clear that the importance of the match strongly influences the psychological profile of athletes, in this case the female handball players. Conclusion Before important games it is good that the players are not indifferent or lethargic but under positive tension. It is necessary to find the right optimal measure that should ensure that the players are not under great pressure, stress or fear of the opponent so that fear would not negatively affect their game. On the other hand, the state of higher cognitive anxiety is inversely proportional to the dimension of self-confidence, and the assumption is that the players will have greater self-confidence if cognitive anxiety is reduced. Keywords: handball, differences, psychology anxiety References Rogulj, N., M. Nazor, V. Srhoj, D. Boţin (2006). Differences between competitively efficient and less efficient junior handball players according to their personality traits. Kinesiology 38 (2):158-163. Woodman, T. and Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: Meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 443-457.
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RAZLIKE PREDNATJECATELJSKE ANKSIOZNOSTI KOD RUKOMETAŠICA
MLAĐIH DOBNIH SKUPINA
Nives Jakus; Marijana Čavala; Hrvoje Karninčić; Miodrag Spasić; Josefina Đuzel Kineziološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Splitu, Split, Republika Hrvatska Uvod Osim motoričkih varijabli, sve više autora istražuje psihološke i socijalne varijable smatrajući kako su upravo one od presudnog značaja za uspjeh u sportu (Rogulj i sur., 2006; Woodmana & Hardya, 2003). Ovo istraživanje promatra prednatjecateljsku anksioznosti kod rukometašica mlađih dobnih uzrasta, prije utakmica manjeg i većeg značaja. Metod Uzorak se sastoji od 32 ispitanice koje su ispunile po dva anketna upitnika i to jedan neposredno prije najteže utakmice, a jedan neposredno prije najlakše utakmice. Za svaku dimenziju upitnika izračunati su parametri pouzdanosti Cronbach-Alpha i prosječne međučestične korelacije, varijable koje opisuju uzorak i psihološke varijable obrađene su deskriptivnom statistikom. Normalitet distribucije je testiran Kolmogorov-Smirnovljevim testom, a razlike među grupama testirane su One way ANOVA testom. Rezultati sa diskusijom Istraživanje je pokazalo da su rukometašice kadetskog uzrasta više somatski i kognitivno anksiozne prije važnih utakmica nego prije manje bitnih- laganih utakmica. Za pretpostaviti je da će igračice prije manje važnih utakmica imati veće samopouzdanje, međutim, iako je razlika vidljiva ipak nije statistički značajna. Temeljem iznesenih rezultata proizlazi da važnost utakmice izrazito snažno utječe na psihološki profil rukometašica. Zaključak Prije važnih utakmica dobro je da igračice nisu ravnodušne ili letargične već pod pozitivnom tenzijom. Potrebno je pronaći pravu optimalnu mjeru koja bi trebala osigurati da igračice nisu pred velikim pritiskom, stresom ili strahom od protivnika kako taj strah ne bi negativno utjecao na njihovu igru. S druge strane, stanje povišene kognitivne anksioznosti je obrnuto proporcionalna sa dimenzijom samopouzdanja, pa je pretpostavka da će igračice imati veće samopouzdanje ako je smanjena kognitivna anksioznost. Ključne reči: rukomet, razlike, psihološka anksioznost Literatura Rogulj, N., M. Nazor, V. Srhoj, D. Boţin (2006). Differences between competitively efficient and less efficient junior handball players according to their personality traits. Kinesiology 38 (2):158-163. Woodman, T. and Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: Meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 443-457.
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THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL BASED ON SELF AND OTHERS PERCEPTION
Tzeni Deligiannidou1; Athanailidis Ioannis1; Athanasios Laios1; A. Stafyla2 1 Department of Physical Education and Sport, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
2 Logistics Department, TEI of Central Macedonia
Introduction The present study has tried to investigate principals based on specific performance criteria. This was done by using the perception of physical education teachers and their principals on leadership and the principals’ responding to administrative duties, as indications of effectiveness. Method Sample included 415 teachers, 192 of which were principals and 223 teachers of physical education. The present study was based on the fact that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the way others perceive him/her as a leader, as well as, on how he/she perceives him/herself during the exercising of administrative duties. In order to collect data, a written questionnaire was prepared based on the study of Paschiardis and Orphanou (1999). Participants were asked to assess the school’s principal on the following three leadership skills: a. “problem solving and decision making”, b. “human resource management” and c. “relations with parents and the local community”. Principals were asked to assess themselves on the same three skills. Results with discussion Results initially showed that generally speaking Physical Education Teachers were satisfied by their principal’s management skills, since factors presented high scores that are above the mean (Physical Education Teachers: solving problems, 3.66, relationships with parents 3.46, human resources management, 2.79. Principals on the other hand stated that they are more efficient than what teachers think with factors of efficient management presented higher scores than the ones of the Physical Education Teachers (Principals: solving problems, 4.44, relationships with parents 3.97, human resources 3.05). Finally, statistically significant differences were found in all three factors, expressing some of the main leadership skills for an effective principal. Specifically, t test showed significant statistically differences in all factors (p<0.05) in favor of principals. This shows the need for improvement of the principals on the above-mentioned skills in order to meet the teachers’ standards and reach maximum efficiency. Conclusion The existence of statistically significant differences in the perceptions of the two groups on the efficiency of the principal, leads to showcase a deficit in the efficiency of the investigated management skills as well as the need to improve principals based on efficiency. The present study suggests the use of its results by those who are responsible for the formation of educational policy, for principals to receive proper preparation and education for the most efficient exercising of the leadership duties.
Keywords: Physical Education teacher, effective manager, administrative capacity References Hallinger, P., Liu, S. (2016). Leadership and teacher learning in urban and rural schools in China: Meeting the dual challenges of equity and effectiveness. International Journal of Educational Development, 51 pp. 163-173. Heck, R.H., &Hallinger, P. (2014). Modeling the effects of school leadership on teaching and learning over time.Journal of Educational Administration, 52(5), 653_681.
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Biomechanical and methodical aspects of
physical education, sport and recreation
Biomehanički i metodološki aspekti fizičkog vaspitanja,
sporta i rekreacije
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SELF-ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL AND INTENSITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES OF
PERSONS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT OBTAINED THROUGH APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE
Aleksandra Grbović; Ksenija Stanimirov; Sanja Dimoski University of Belgrade – Faculty of special education and rehabilitation
Introduction Physical activity (PA) represents an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. However, people with disabilities, especially those with visual impairment, often exhibit passive patterns of behavior and are prone to the sedentary lifestyle. This kind of behavior leads to the risk of social isolation, a lower level of quality of life satisfaction, an increased risk of developing health problems, and disturbs the realization of life and work activities. The aim of this research was to determine the level and intensity of PA which adults with visual impairment perform within the daily life in our environment. Method The intensity of PA was assessed by applying a long form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sample consisted of 45 subjects with visual impairment both gender, aged 18 to 39. Results with discussion Results obtained (MET score: M=3808.10; SD=4095.04) indicates a high level of PA of persons with visual impairment, which does not coincide with the literature quotations that emphasize the predominantly sedentary lifestyle of these persons. In relation to the respondents’ general characteristics (degree of visual impairment, gender, employment status, independent movement), there were no statistically significant differences in the level of PA, which agrees with the findings of similar studies carried out. Regarding the intensity of PA, statistically significant differences were found only in relation to the degree of visual impairment (χ2=6.252, df=1, p=0.042). Conclusion To draw conclusions about the level and intensity of PA of people with visual impairment, it is necessary to pay attention to the structure of the activities which give MET score. We believe that the subjective way of testing the level and intensity of PA can give an incorrect insight, since people with visual impairment have a tendency to overestimate their own abilities. The recommendation is to use objective indicators of PA (pedometry, accelerometry etc.) with this instrument in order confirm or deny the results of PA in individuals with visual impairment. Keywords: physical activity, people with visual impairment, self-assessment, IPAQ References Marmeleira, J., Laranjo, L., Marques, O., & Pereira, C. (2014). Physical activity patterns in adults who are blind as assessed by accelerometry. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(3), 283-296. This study is a result of the project “Effects of applied physical activity on loco-motor, metabolic, psychosocial and educational status of the Serbian population”, No. III 47015, subproject “Effects of applied physical activity on locomotor, metabolic, psycho-social and educational status of population of persons with special needs in the Republic of Serbia” and the project “Social Participation of Persons with Intellectual Disability” No. 179017 (2011-2018). Projects are funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.
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SAMOPROCENA NIVOA I INTENZITETA FIZIČKIH AKTIVNOSTI OSOBA SA OŠTEĆENJEM VIDA DOBIJENA PRIMENOM MEĐUNARODNOG UPITNIKA O
FIZIČKOJ AKTIVNOSTI
Aleksandra Grbović; Ksenija Stanimirov; Sanja Dimoski Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
Uvod Fizička aktivnost predstavlja esecnijalni deo zdravog načina života. Međutim, osobe sa ometenošću, naročito osobe sa oštećenjem vida, često ispoljavaju pasivne obrasce ponašanja i sklone su sedentarnom stilu života. Ovakvo ponašanje vodi riziku od socijalne izolacije, nižem nivou zadovoljstva kvalitetom života, povećanom riziku za razvijanje zdravstvenih teškoća, i ometa ostvarivanje životnih i radnih aktivnosti. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje nivoa i intenziteta fizičkih aktivnosti koje odrasle osobe sa oštećenjem vida izvode u okviru svakodnevnog života u našoj sredini. Metod Fizičke aktivnosti su procenjene primenom dugog formata Međunarodnog upitnika za ispitivanje fizičkih aktivnosti (IPAQ-LF), na uzorku od 45 ispitanika sa oštećenjem vida oba pola, uzrasta 18 do 39 godina. Rezultati sa diskusijom Dobijeni rezultati (ukupan MET skor: AS=3808,10; SD=4095,04) ukazuju na visok nivo fizičkih aktivnosti osoba sa oštećenjem vida, što se ne podudara sa navodima iz literature koji ističu pretežno sedentaran stil života ovih osoba. U odnosu na opšte karakteristike ispitanika (stepen oštećenja vida, pol, radni status, samostalnost u kretanju) nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u pogledu nivoa fizičkih aktivnosti, što se slaže sa nalazima sličnih studija. U pogledu intenziteta fizičkih aktivnosti utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike samo u odnosu na stepen oštećenja vida (χ2=6,252, df=1, p=0,042). Zaključak Za donošenje zaključaka o fizičkim aktivnostima osoba sa oštećenjem vida neophodno je obratiti pažnju na strukturu aktivnosti koje čine MET skor. Smatramo da subjektivan način ispitivanja nivoa i intenziteta fizičkih aktivnosti može dati netačan uvid u iste, jer je kod osoba sa oštećenjem vida uočena tendencija precenjivanja sopstvenih sposobnosti. Preporuka je da se uz ovaj instrument koriste objektivni pokazatelji fizičkih aktivnosti (pedometrija, akcelerometrija i sl.) kako bi se dobijeni rezultati o fizičkim aktivnostima osoba sa oštećenjem vida mogli potvrditi ili opovrgnuti. Ključne reči: fizičke aktivnosti, osobe sa oštećenjem vida, samoprocena, IPAQ upitnik Literatura Marmeleira, J., Laranjo, L., Marques, O., & Pereira, C. (2014). Physical activity patterns in adults who are blind as assessed by accelerometry. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(3), 283-296. Rad je proistekao iz projekata „Efekti primenjene fičzike aktivnosti na lokomotorni, metabolički, psiho-socijalni i vaspitni status populacije R. Srbije“ ev. br. III 47015, a kao deo podprojekta “Efekti primenjene fizičke aktivnosti na lokomotorni, metabolički, psihosocijalni i vaspitni status populacije osoba sa posebnim potrebama R. Srbije” i „Socijalna participacija osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću“ ev. br. 179017 (2011-2018), čiju realizaciju finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.
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KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE LONG JUMP
CASE STUDY
Milan Matić; Nenad Janković
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction In contemporary sport, the athletic discipline of long jump is a jump made from a run-up from one leg with the goal of achieving as long a jump as possible. One of the methods of quantification of the technique of take-off in the long jump is with kinematical analysis of the take-off. The aim of the study was to examine how certain lengths of run-up influence on the change of the relevant kinematic variables of the take-off and length of the long jump. Method Measurement of kinematic variables was realized using three cameras and 3D quality track manager software (3D QTM), a sampling frequency of 240 Hz. Changes in kinematic variables was measured by one respondent (competing in the senior competition). Results with discussion The prolongation of the take-off phase for better jumps occurred during the concentric phase, which contributed to the higher achieved length of the jumps. In longer jumps with 4 and 6 steps run-up, larger angular velocities, larger velocity of ankle and hip joints were achieved with 0.1 s before the POD (before the touchdown), mean velocity magnitudes 10 frames before the touchdown of the ankle and hip joint compared to shorter lengths of jumps. The obtained results are in accordance with the analysed study (Omura et al. 2004). Conclusion The lesser values of the examined variables in the 12 step run-up in length compared to the short run-up are probably the result of the training period in which the measurement was performed. In future research, it should be examined that increasing the maximum strength and muscle strength affects the mechanics of the take-off. It should also be examined whether certain training exercises used in a relatively longer or shorter period of time (microcycle, meso, or macrocycle) affect the outcome of the jump distance and the technique of take-off. Keywords: track and field, result, variables References Omura I., Iiboshi A., Kgyama H., Muraki Y., Ae M. (2004). Analysis of the approach run and the takeoff in the japanese junior long jumpers. ISB XXth congress rewiev papers.
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KINEMATIČKA ANALIZA SKOKA UDALJ
STUDIJA SLUČAJA
Milan Matić; Nenad Janković
Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Savremena atletska disciplina skok udalj podrazumeva skok izveden iz zaleta odskokom sa jedne noge, kako bi se ostvario što duži skok. Kvantifikacija tehnike odskoka kod skoka udalj pomoću kinematičke analize može pomoći trenerima i atletičarima da ostvare bolji rezultat. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita kako određene dužine zaleta utiču na promenu relevantnih kinematičkih varijabli odskoka i dužine skoka udalj. Metod Merenje kinematičkih varijabli je realizovano pomoću tri kamere i softvera 3D qualisys track manager, frekvencijom uzorkovanja od 240 Hz. Promene kinematičkih varijabli su merene kod jednog ispitanika (koji se takmiči u seniorskoj konkurenciji). Rezultati sa diskusijom Produženje trajanja faze odskoka kod boljih skokova se desilo tokom koncentrične faze što je doprinelo većoj postignutoj dužini skokova. U dužim skokovima sa 4 i 6 koraka zaleta postignute su veće ugaone brzine, brzine skočnog zgloba i zgloba kuka 0,1 s pre početka odskoka, srednje vrednosti brzina po magnitudi 10 frejmova pre odskoka skočnog zgloba i zgloba kuka u odnosu na kraće dužine skokova. Dobijeni rezultati su u skladu sa ranije analiziranim istraživanjem (Omura i sar. 2004). Zaključak Dobijene manje vrednosti ispitivanih varijabli kod dužine zaleta iz 12 koraka u odnosu na kraći zalet su verovatno posledica trenutne forme, odnosno trenažnog perioda u kome je sprovedeno merenje. Sa tim u vezi u budućim istraživanjima treba ispitati kako povećanje maksimalne jačine i snage relevantnih mišića utiče na mehaniku odskoka, kao i kako određena trenažna sredstva i metode u relativno dužem ili kraćem vremenskom periodu (mikro, mezo ili makrociklusu) utiču na rezultat skoka udalj i tehniku odskoka. Ključne reči: atletika, rezultat, varijable Literatura Omura I., Iiboshi A., Kgyama H., Muraki Y., Ae M. (2004). Analysis of the approach run and the takeoff in the japanese junior long jumpers. ISB XXth congress rewiev papers.
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FUNCTIONAL - MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTUS AND
BICEPS FEMORIS IN THE TOP PLAYERS MEASURED BY TENSIOMYOGRAPHY METHOD (TMG)
Miloslav Fabok1; Milivoj Dopsaj2; Bojan Leontijević2; Lazar Tomić2 1 Diagnostic and training center “Advance Fitness” 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Serbia
Introduction Modern football from players requires exceptional physical fitness, which depends to a large extent on anthropometric and physiological predispositions, as well as the fitness of the football player (Di Salvo et al., 2007). In recent years, muscular contractility researchers have often been examined by the method of tensiomyography (TMG) (Garcia - Manso et al., 2011b; Manolopuulos et al., 2006), thus obtaining information on muscle fatigue in the athlete, ability to develop force, type of muscle fiber, etc. (Alvarez-Diaz et al., 2016). Method The sample of respondents consisted of 37 top players (25.6 ± 5.7 years), of which 12 were defensive, 14 midfielders and 11 attacking players. Of these, 9 had a dominant left leg and the other 28 players had the right one as the dominant leg. Measurement was carried out between 2016 and 2018 for football players playing in different positions in the team, all tested football players play the first league in countries such as Hungary, Serbia, England, Norway, Belgium, Czech Republic, Portugal, Spain, Germany, Austria and Croatia. The research is of non-experimental and transversal character, with data collected retrospectively for the dominant and non-dominant leg. The study looked at the following variables: time delay (Td), contraction time (Tc), maximum displacement (Dm), and velocity contraction (Vc) in muscle m. rectus femoris and m. biceps femoris. For all data, descriptive statistics were processed, and the differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs were determined using the T-test with a level of statistical significance p <0.05, while a player was compared to the position analyzed using a one – way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results with discussion The analysis of the results shows that there is no statistically significant difference between the dominant and the non-dominant leg when it comes to defensive, midfielders and attacking players. However, the results show that there is a statistically significant difference when considering the dominant leg between the defensive players and the midfielder players in the Dm (p = 0.03) and the Vc (p = 0.02) and between the defensive and attacking players at the Vc (p = 0.03). There is no difference between the maneuvering and attacking players in the contractile characteristics of the dominant leg, while in the non-dominant leg there are no statistical differences or comparisons. Conclusion Midfielders and attackers have shown that they have a shorter Vc time as well as Dm from players in defense. These results can be interpreted as a consequence of higher muscle stiffness (N/mm) in midfielders and attacking players compared to defenders. One of the reasons for such results is the specificity of the movement of the players in the attack and the middle of the field in relation to the players in the defense. Keywords: football, muscle, contractile capability References Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222-227. Alvarez-Diaz, P., Alentorn-Geli, E., Ramon, S., Marin, M., Steinbacher, G., Rius, M., et al. (2016). Comparation of tensiomyographic neuromuscular characteristics between muscles of the dominant and non-dominant lower extremity in male soccer players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 24(7), 2259-63.
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FUNKCIONALNO – MEHANIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE RECTUS I BICEPS FEMORIS-A KOD VRHUNSKIH FUDBALERA MERENE
METODOM TENZIOMIOGRAFIJE (TMG)
Miloslav Fabok1; Milivoj Dopsaj2; Bojan Leontijević2; Lazar Tomić2 1 Dijagnostičko – trenažni centar „Advance Fitness“ 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Savremeni fudbal od igrača zahteva izuzetnu fizičku pripremljenost, što u najvećoj meri zavisi od antropometrijskih i fizioloških predispozicija, kao i utreniranosti fudbalera (Di Salvo et al., 2007). U poslednje vreme, istraživači kontraktilne sposobnosti mišića veoma često ispituju metodom tenziomiografije (TMG) (Garcia – Manso et al., 2011b; Manolopuulos et al., 2006) i na taj način se dobijaju informacije o zamoru mišića kod sportiste, sposobnosti razvoja sile, tipu mišićnog vlakna itd. (Alvarez-Diaz et al., 2016). Metod Uzorak ispitanika je sačinjavalo 37 vrhunskih fudbalera (25,6 ± 5,7 godina), od toga 12 defanzivnih, 14 manevarskih i 11 ofanzivnih igrača. . Od kojih je 9 imalo dominantnu levu nogu a ostalih 28 igrača imalo je desnu kao dominantnu nogu. Merenje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2016 godine do 2018 godine na fudbalerima koji igraju na različitim pozicijama u timu, svi testirani fudbaleri igraju najjaču ligu u državama poput Mađarske, Srbije, Engleske, Norveške, Belgije, Češke, Portugala, Španije, Nemačke, Austrije i Hrvatske. Istraživanje je neeksperimetalnog i transverzalnog karaktera, pri čemu su podaci prikupljeni retrospektivno za dominantnu i nedominantnu nogu. U istraživanju su posmatrane sledeće varijable: vreme kašnjenja (Td), vreme kontrakcije (Tc), maksimalno premeštanje (Dm) i brzina kontrakcije (Vc) na mišićima m. rectus femoris i m. biceps femoris. Za sve podatke je obrađena deskriptivna statistika, a razlike između dominantne i nedominantne noge su utvrđivane primenom T-test – a sa nivoom statističke značajnosti p<0,05, dok je poređene igrača u odnosu na poziciju analizirano primenom jednostruke analize varijanse (ANOVA). Rezultati sa diskusijom Analiza rezultata pokazuje da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između dominantne i nedominantne noge kada su u pitanju odbrambeni, manevarski i ofanzivni igrači. Međutim, rezultati pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna razlika kada se posmatra dominantna noga između odbrambenih igrača i manevarskih igrača u Dm (p=0,03) i Vc (p=0,02) i između odbrambenih i ofanzivnih igrača u Vc (p=0,03). Između manevarskih i napadačkih igrača ne postoji razlika u kontraktilnim karakteristikama dominantne noge, dok kod nedominantne noge nema statističkih razlika ni u kom poređenju. Zaključak Fudbaleri na poziciji sredine i napada su pokazali da imaju kraće vreme Vc kao i Dm od igrača u odbrani. Ovi rezultati se mogu tumačiti kao posledica veće krutosti mišića (N/mm) kod manevarskih i igrača u napadu u poređenju sa igračima iz odbrambene linije. Jedan od razloga takvih rezultata je specifičnost kretanja igrača u napadu i sredini terena u odnosu na igrače u odbrani. Ključne reči: fudbal, mišić, kontraktilne sposobnosti Literatura Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222-227. Alvarez-Diaz, P., Alentorn-Geli, E., Ramon, S., Marin, M., Steinbacher, G., Rius, M., et al. (2016). Comparation of tensiomyographic neuromuscular characteristics between muscles of the dominant and non-dominant lower extremity in male soccer players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 24(7), 2259-63.
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KINEMATIC VARIABILITY OF SIDE-VOLLEY KICK IN RELATION TO
APPROACHING BALL SPEED IN ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Saša Kostić1; Duško Ilić2; Miloš Ubović3; Vladimir Mrdaković2 1 Technical School "Ub", Ub, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia 3 Profex - Academy of Healthy Living, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine how different approaching ball speeds affects the kinematic variables of side-volley kick in football in elite football players. Method The study involved 30 subjects aged 21±2 years. All subjects were elite professional football players, members of the Serbian national team and members of elite foreign clubs (Chelsea, Benefica, Genk, München 1860, Leiria, Kosice, Luch – Energia) and the members of the Serbian Premier League (Crvena zvezda, Partizan, OFK Beograd). The study task for subjects was to carry out a side-volley kick, hitting the goal with a ball that came at three different speeds (slow, moderate and fast ball). Several dependent variables were observed: velocity of the foot at the moment of contact with the ball (vel_STOP_tk), the velocity of the center of the knee joint at the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (vel_KOL_tk), the velocity of the center of the hip joint at the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (vel_KUK_tk), the angle of the knee joint in the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (ang_KOL_tk), the angle of the hip joint at the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (ang_KUK_tk), the distance between the hip and the heel at the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (d_KUK.PETA_tk), the angle between the axis sholder-hip and hip-heel at the moment of contact of the foot with the ball (ang_RKP_tk). The measurement of the kinematic variables has been carried out with infra–red cameras for 3D kinematic analysis (QUALISYS, Sweden). The ANOVA with repeated measurements was used to determine the effect of the approaching ball speed on the kinematic variables of the side-volley kick. Results with discussion The results showed statistically significant effect of the approaching ball speed on the variability ang_KUK_tk, vel_STOP_tk, d_KUK.PETA_tk and ang_RKP_tk (p≤0.05). With the increase in the speed of the approaching ball, the angle of the hip joint, as well as the angle between axis shoulder-hip and hip-heel, was increased. Also, increase in the speed of the approaching ball affects an increase of distance between the foot and the center of the hip joint. Conclusion Obtained results showed that elite football players adapt the technique of side-volley kick depending on the approaching ball speed. Keywords: football technique, kicking velocity, joint angle References Lees, A. & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 211-234. Van den Tillaar, R. &Ulvik, A. (2014). Influence of instruction on velocity and accuracy in soccer kicking of experienced soccer players. Journal of motor behavior, 46(5), 287-29
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VARIJABILITET KINEMATIKE BOČNOG VOLEJ UDARCA U ODNOSU NA BRZINU
DOLAZEĆE LOPTE KOD VRHUNSKIH FUDBALERA
Saša Kostić1; Duško Ilić2; Miloš Ubović3; Vladimir Mrdaković2 1 Tehnička škola, Ub, Srbija 2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija 3 Profex - Akademija zdravog života, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Predmet ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita na koji način različite brzine dolazeće lopte utiču na promene u kinematičkim varijablama bočnog volej udarca u fudbalu kod vrhunskih fudbalera. Metod U istraživanju je učestvovalo 30 ispitanika uzrasta 21±2 godine. Svi ispitanici su nastupali kao elitni profesionalni fudbaleri, članovi nacionalne selekcije Srbije i članovi profesionalnih evropskih klubova (Chelsea, Benfica, Genk, Munchen 1860, Leiria, Kosice, Luch-Energia) i Super lige Srbije (Crvena zvezda, Partizan, OFK Beograd). Zadatak ispitanika je bio da izvedu bočni volej udarac, gađajući gol loptom koja je dolazila u tri različite brzine (spora, umereno brza i brza lopta). Praćeno je nekoliko zavisnih varijabli: brzina stopala u trenutku kontakta sa loptom (vel_STOP_tk), brzina centra zgloba kolena u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom (vel_KOL_tk), brzina centra zgloba kuka u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom (vel_KUK_tk), ugao u zglobu kolena u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom - (ang_KOL_tk), ugao u zglobu kuka u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom (ang_KUK_tk), distanca između kuka i pete u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom (d_KUK.PETA_tk), ugao koje zaklapaju ose rame-kuk i kuk-peta u trenutku kontakta stopala sa loptom (ang_RKP_tk). Merenje kinematičkih varijabli je sprovedeno sa infra-crvenim kamerama za 3D kinematičku analizu (Qualisys, Sweden). Kako bi se odredio efekat brzine lopte na kinetičke varijable izvođenja bočnog volej udarca, u statističkoj obradi rezultata korišćena je ANOVA sa ponovljenim merenjima. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajan efekat brzine dolazeće lopte na varijabilitet ang_KUK_tk, vel_STOP_tk, d_KUK.PETA_tk i ang_RKP_tk (p≤0,05). Sa povećanjem brzine dolazeće lopte povećavao se ugao u zglobu kuka, kao i ugao koji zaklapaju ose rame-kuk i kuk-peta. Takođe, sa povećanjem brzine dolazeće lopte u trenutku kontakta sa loptom uočeno je povećavanje rastojanja između stopala i centra zgloba kuka. Povećanje brzine dolazeće lopte je uticalo na povećanje brzine stopala u trenutku kontakta sa loptom. Zaključak Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata uočeno je da vrhunski fudbaleri adaptiraju tehniku izvođenja bočnog volej udarca u odnosno na brzinu dolazeće lopte. Ključne reči: tehnika fudbala, brzina šuta, ugao u zglobu Literatura Lees, A. & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 211-234. Van den Tillaar, R. & Ulvik, A. (2014). Influence of instruction on velocity and accuracy in soccer kicking of experienced soccer players. Journal of motor behavior, 46(5), 287-291.
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ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POSTURAL STABILITY TRAINING
ON HEALTHY ADULTS AFTER A RETENTION PERIOD
Teodora Miketa; Roberto Coppola University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
Introduction Postural stability represents the ability to maintain balance using the muscles in your ankles, knees, and hips in response to movement. It has a critical role in the execution of complex motor patterns as well as normal daily activities. There’re different and various kind of postural stability’ training program in the literature like ground force method and breathing exercise method. The principal aim of this work is analyze the residual training effects of different type of postural stability’ training protocol.
Method To analyze the difference between the effects, after a retention period, of the different protocol training program we divided the sample in three groups: 1) ground force method group (GFM); 2) breathing exercise group (BE) and 3) control group (CON). We analyze the difference of postural stability in three conditions: bipedal and monopedal (with right leg or left leg). Results with discussion Analyzing the difference between group after some months of training the results show a difference between the GFM and BE group respect to the Control group. After two months of no-activity for all participants we repeated the test and find a difference between the groups. The results show a difference between BE group with GFM group underline a biggest impact in the postural stability training effect with breathing exercises. Conclusion The BE group shows a statistical difference with other groups, to demonstrate that a specific breathing protocol added to the ground force method have more powerful effect during time on the postural stability. Keywords: balance, stabilization, posturomed, posturokibernetic test References Miketa, T., Ivančić, N., Kuzmanić, B. (2017). Relationship of breathing exercises with improvement of postural stability in healthy adults. Acta kinesiologica 11(2), 59-62. Kolář , P. (2013). Clinical Rehabilitation. Prague: Alena Kobesová.
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Poster prezentacije
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BULGARIAN 110 M HURDLERS SPORT RESULT DYNAMICS IN AGE ASPECT
Grigor Gutev National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Department “Track & Field”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction Hurdle events are essential part of all athletic competition programs (Димова, 2018). Sport results and their evolution in age aspect have both their individual and common characteristics (Лазаров, 2014). The discipline 110 m hurdlers running is an interest for us due to the fact that it is most well-known discipline and it is the oldest in the hurdle running family. Method The aim of the following study is to trace the sport result dynamics in age aspect of the best Bulgarian 110 m hurdlers. Respondents are the top 37 athletes in the discipline (retired at this date). We trace best results in each year of competing during their sport career. For the purposes of the study we applied variance and correlation analysis and signal method. Results with discussion The best result (current Bulgarian national record) is 13.33 sec. Average value of respondents’ sport result is 14.09 sec. (ranging up to 14.50 sec.). We trace average sport results of respondents in the age period 16 to 32 years and a heat map presenting best periods for achieving PB. Also applying correlation analysis, we analyze correlation between PB and age for establishment of periods for reaching the maximum of athletes’ abilities. Based on the gathered data we developed scoring tables for sport realization evaluation based on age and specific geographic features. Conclusion As a result of the presented study we can reveal the specific of Bulgarian 110 m hurdlers sport realization in age aspect and its particularities. Also, we present a method for control of future hurdlers based on the best Bulgarian athletes in the selected discipline. Keywords: 110 m hurdlers, men, age aspect References Димова, И., Дисертация – Структура и съдържание на годишната подготовка при състезателки с различна квалификация в гладкото бягане на 400 м, НСА, София, 2018. Лазаров, И., Дисертация – Антропометрични модели на състезатели в бягането на средни разстояния, НСА, София, 2014.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SPEED COORDINATION (AGILITY) ABILITIES OF
AMATEUR FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Hristyana Guteva1; Plamen Nyagin1; Iva Dimova1; Maya Chipeva2 1 National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Department “Track & Field”, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Technical University, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction Football game happens to be a worldwide phenomenon. During its evolution the distance and number of runs at high speed have increased as the pace of the game has become more ballistic and powerful (D. T. Kurkendall, 2011; M. Gadev, G. Gutev, 2011). Method The aim of the study was to analyze the level of speed coordination of amateur football players and to find the level of improvement of a special training program applied in the standard training process. For the purpose of the study we analyzed two amateur football clubs, one who trained speed coordination by our methodology, and one without. Tests included in the study were sprint running 5/10/20/30 m, Zig-zag test, T-test, Arrow left and right and Illinois test. All data are analyzed using variance analysis. Results with discussion For the purpose of the study we included tests which representing linear speed and speed coordination levels (standard test including running in high speed and change of directions). Participants (40) were divided in two groups of 20 football players. Participants of the experimental group performed variance (V%) in all tests levels ranging from 7.08 to 2.09 in the first testing, and in the second testing groups revealed more homogeneous results (V% vary between 3.99 and 5.75). Conclusion Based on the obtained results, speed coordination characterized exercises included in the weekly training program of amateur football players will improve their speed and agility abilities. Keywords: football, speed coordination, agility References Kurkendall, Donalt T., Soccer anatomy, Human Kinetics, 2011. Gadev, M., G. Gutev, Analysis of covered distance intensity in official junior and youth football with different match time duration, Research in kinesiology, Macedonia, 2015, 43(2), (page 234-238).
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STUDY OF EFFORT AT FEMALE 400 M RUNNERS ON THE IAAF WORLD
ATHLETICS CHAMPIONSHIP 2017
Iva Dimova
National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Department “Track & Field”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction The discipline 400 m for women starts its history in 1964 and is one of the most dynamic and competitive in the athletics program. Based on the various levels of qualification and styles of running we intended to analyze the running pattern of world elite sprinters (Лазаров, 2014). The aim of the study is to establish the preferred way of running and distribution of effort along the 400 m run (separated in 100 m parts). Method This article provides information about how female athletes conduct the running along the 400 m distance. For the purpose of the study we use mathematical equation presenting relative speed coefficient. With the provided split times from a kinematic research from IAAF, we managed to calculate the average speed for the whole distance and the separate 100 m parts. From a previous study we used a special speed coefficient which provides information about the most common types of running which are used from the athletes. The modified method consists of mathematical equation according to which the relative speed coefficient is equal to the average speed of the separate 100 m (I_100m, II_100m,III_100m, IV_100m) divided to the average speed of the whole 400 m distance. The study is conducted over the three semifinals and the final of the IAAF World Championship in London 2017. The total number of respondents is 31. Results with discussion There are 5 estimated types or shapes of running the distance. We found that pyramid type is the most preferred way of running. We also compared whether there is a change of way of running between semi-final run and final run of the competitors who qualified for the final. We established that the greater percentage share (81%) is in the favor of pyramid type. Conclusion In conclusion we suggest that this method is appropriate for comparing and assessing the way of running in the different parts of the competition run. On the other hand the significant share of the pyramid type suggests that this kind of running is most successful. Keywords: 400 m, female, coefficient relative speed, speed distribution, world elite References Gutev, G. K. (2015). 110 m hurdle running speed dynamics. XVIII International Scientific Conference FIS Communications in Physical Education, Sport and Recreation and III International Scientific Conference, Book Proceedings, 58-63. Лазаров, И, (2014). Дисертация – Антропометрични модели на състезатели в бягането на средни разстояния, НСА, София.
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CONDITIONING TRAINING FOR 17-18 YEARS OLD BADMINTON PLAYERS
Ivaylo Lazarov National Sports Academy “Vasil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction The development of modern badminton requires creating a science-based system for conditioning. Physical training should primarily be used to improving the effectiveness of the game. Often, in those with good technical training, the outcome of the meetings is determined by the level of physical development. The creating of specific athletic training for badminton players will contribute to the improvement of their sports preparing. Method Forty badminton players (2 groups by 20) were included in the study (age 17-18). The control group trained in their usual plane, while the experimental group trains three times per week with new conditioning training plane. The research was conducted in a range of six weeks. During the study we measured body height (cm), body weight (kg), throwing solid ball (3 kg) overhead, squat jump, semi squat jump, 5m sprint, 10m sprint, T-test run. Wingate test (Wmax/kg) and treadmill test with increasing load (VO2max/kg/min). The received data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results with discussion At the first testing of the experimental group, 15 high values of the correlation coefficient were recorded (average values r = 0.718). You may see that 61.1% of the high values of correlation dependencies are between the maximum and dynamic leg and hand strengths - a total of 9, followed by the high weight correlations with 5 m sprint, 10 m sprint, T-test and half squat – 4 (33.6%) and 11.7% (2) between the sprint tests and the VO2 max. In the second testing, the high values of the correlation coefficients between the indicators giving the maximum and dynamic strength of the hands and legs - 9, which represents 55% of the total number of high correlation coefficients (the average values of these relationships are r = 0.803), followed by the relationship between weight, the maximum leg strength in the half squat and the dynamic strength in squat - 3 -19.2% (r = 0.677 r = 0.617, r = 0.705). Both in the control and experimental groups between the first and second testing there is a significant reduction in the number of high correlations, but there is an increasing in the correlation values. Conclusion Apparently the higher number of high correlations in both testing - in the experimental group are 30 and in the control group -17.The experimental group has higher average high correlations (r = 0.792) than the control group (r = 0.707), which shows us the influence of conditioning training plane in badminton. The quantitative and qualitative decrease in the number of high correlation in both groups indicates the tendency to accelerate the process of differentiation of physical capacity under the influence of the different training - in this case, the more intense impact of conditioning training plane. The main instruments used by the control group and improved it’s condition are: Speed: running up to 60m with intensity above 95% and flying start; Speed-strength: jumping exercises; Strength: Exercises with bar, elastic, medical ball; running against incline; Endurance: aerobic, aerobic-anaerobic, anaerobic.
Keywords: conditioning training plane, effectiveness, physical development, sports preparing
References Гутев, Г., Дисертация (2015) Промени в спортно-техническите характеристики на препятственото бягане съобразно комплексните фактори на постижението, НСА, София.
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SERBIAN SKI INSTRUCTOR’S COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Stevan Mesarović; Goran Prebeg1; Robert Ropret1 1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Ski teaching is a complex process which implies almost constant interaction between instructor and a student. Successfully lead process on the ski-run depends on the relationship instructor – student, on which the communication skills are built. Understanding the process and ways of communication makes the approach, leadership and control of the entire ski schooling easier, regardless the characteristics and number of students in the group. The aim of this research was to evaluate the level of understanding communication skills, depending on age, level of education, work experience and the professional qualification of the ski instructor. Method For the purpose of this research, standard questionnaire about communication skills was used. The examinees sample consisted of 29 ski instructors (M=17, F=12) age 19-39, of a different work experience (3; 3 to 6; 6 years and more) and of different educational level (high school, college and university degree). The respondents were licensed ski instructors who perform their professional services in Serbia. When it comes to statistic procedures, descriptive statistics was used, T-test for independent samples and univariant analysis of variance. Results with discussion The results of the descriptive analysis shows that ski instructors, according to their personal evaluation, control very well communication skills, particularly The ability to clearly pass on a message. The majority of instructors answered the questions from 2.59 to 2.52, which is rated to be highly positive. Pearson’s correlative analysis shows that there is the biggest correlation (r=0.70; p<0.05) among the Emotional management in communication and Listening skills. No major statistical differences were found when it comes to age, level of education, work experience and the level of skills of the instructors. Conclusion Communication is a inevitable and vital part of ski teaching. The instructors consider themselves to know communication skills very well. Taking into consideration that this was based on the personal attitude, it needs further research and comparion with student’s attitude, as well as expanding the number of examinees. Keywords: communication, ski teaching, instructors References Aulife, M.G. (2007). NZSIA Ski instructors manual. New Zeland. Nenadović, М. (2010). Veština komuniciranja. Beograd.
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KOMUNIKACIONE VEŠTINE INSTRUKTORA SKIJANJA U SRBIJI
Stevan Mesarović; Goran Prebeg1; Robert Ropret1 1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
Uvod Obuka skijanja je složen proces koji podrazumeva gotovo stalnu interakciju između instruktora skijanja i učenika. Uspešno vođen proces obuke na terenu zavisi od odnosa instruktor-učenik, na čije formiranje značajno utiče komunikacija. Poznavanje procesa i toka komunikacije olakšava pristup, vođenje i upravljanje celokupnom obukom skijanja bez obzira na karakteristike i broj učenika u grupi. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se proceni nivo ovladanosti komunikacionim veštinama, u odnosu na uzrast, nivo obrazovanja, radno iskustvo i nivo stručne spreme instruktora skijanja. Metod Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišćen je standardizovani upitnik o komunikacionim veštinama. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 29 instruktora skijanja (M=17, Ž=12) uzrasta od 19-39 godina, različitog radnog iskustva (3; 3-6; 6 i više godina rada) i različitog nivoa obrazovanja (srednja/viša/visoka stručna sprema). Ispitanici su bili licencirani instruktori skijanja koji svoju profesionalnu delatnost obavljaju u Srbiji. Od statističkih procedura korišćena je deskriptivna statistika, T-test za nezavisne uzorke i univarijantna analiza varijanse. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati deskriptivnih pokazatelja pokazuju da instruktori skijanja, prema ličnoj proceni, veoma dobro vladaju veštinama komunikacije, a najbolje vladaju veštinom „Sposobnost da se jasno prenese poruka“. Većina instruktora je na pitanja odgovorila u proseku vrednostima od 2,59 do 4,52, što se kotira kao visoko pozitivno. Pirsonovom korelacionom analizom se pokazalo da postoji najveća korelacija (r=0,70; p<0,05) između veština „Emocionalni menadžment u komunikaciji“ i „Slušanje“. Što se tiče uzrasta, stručne spreme, radnog iskustva i nivoa skijaške osposobljenosti nisu dobijene statistički značajne razlike u nivou ovladanosti komunikacionim veštinama. Zaključak Komunikacija je neizostavan i veoma važan deo obuke skijanja. Instruktori smatraju da veoma dobro vladaju veštinama komunikacije. Uzimajući u obzir da su to lični stavovi, potrebno je dalje istražiti i uporediti sa mišljenjem učenika, uz proširenje broja ispitanika. Ključne reči: komunikacija, obuka skijanja, instruktori Literatura Aulife, M.G. (2007). NZSIA Ski instructors manual. New Zeland. Nenadović, М. (2010). Veština komuniciranja. Beograd.
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STUDY ON SPECIAL SPORT-TECHNICAL ABILITIES OF WOMEN DISCUS
THROWER
Verjinia Milashka; Rumiana Karapetrova; Georgi Stoykov; Fehim Djoshan; Stefan Stoykov National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Department “Track & Field”, Sofia, Bulgaria Introduction Special sport-technical abilities of women discus throwers appear to be the best index for training process efficiency regarding both physical and technical abilities. (Е. Николов, Гр. Гутев, 2012; И. Лазаров, 2014). Method The aim of the following study is to analyze and trace the level of special sport-technical abilities of different level of sport qualification of elite discus thrower (women). Respondents of the following study are the 14 best women discus throwers in all time Bulgarian rank list (with personal best results from 59.08 m to 73.22 m) – we analyze only years with improvement of PB (in total 30 cases). Object of the study are the special sport-technical abilities presented by four indexes: discus throwing from power position (1 kg), discus throwing with rotation (1.5 kg, 1.25 kg and 0.75 kg). Data was statistically analyzed using variance, correlation and regression analysis. Results with discussion The average result of sport result is 65.06 m ranging from 48.84 m to 73.22 m. The second studied index has average value 52.50 m – discus throwing from power position (1 kg). Discus throwing with lighter and heavier implements has average values as follows: 45.45 m (1.5 kg), 49.20 m (1.25 kg) and 64.65 m (0.750 kg). All studied indexes have variance levels ranging between 7.48% and 9.31%. Also, we found high level of correlation between all studied indexes (values over 0.81). Conclusion Based on our study we present opportunity for control of special sport-technical abilities of women discus throwers from different qualification level as follows: for control of harmonic of physical and technical potential; for detection of possible deviation in the symmetry of physical and technical abilities development. We developed and present norms for development and variation of sport-technical abilities of women discus throwers in qualification aspect. Based on study results we present evaluation tables and regression models for operative control. Keywords: discus throws, women, sport-technical abilities, control References Лазаров, И., Дисертация – Антропометрични модели на състезатели в бягането на средни разстояния, НСА, София, 2014. Николов, Е., Гр. Гутев, Изследване динамиката на основните тренировъчни средства и корелационната им структура в дисциплината хвърляне на чук при висококвалифициран състезател, (Международна Научна Конференция на катедра. „Лека атлетика“ 2012 год.) Лека атлетика и Наука бр. 1(12) 2012 год., БПС, София, 2012 год. (стр. 12-17).
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Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity
application in physical education
Metodički aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti u fizičkom
vaspitanju
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INTEGRATED TRAINING FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Ana Buyuklieva Department of Physical Education Theory NSA “Vasil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Introduction The term integration (lat.) Means resuming, updating, making whole. The category of social integration is associated with the state of strong interdependence or consistency between the elements of the whole or the process that leads to it. In today's conditions, motor activity is getting less and more complicated to compensate for the lack of movement. As a result, obesity, glandular disorder, decreased muscle strength, rapidity and coordination require targeted work through physical culture and sport. The development and training of pre-school children is part of the overall preparation for early school-age education and training (Nikolova, M., 2005). Method Training in physical culture is training in activity, through means / exercises / defined goals, motives and results. The educational content is differentiated in four educational cores: 1. Physical capacity - including generic exercises and guiding exercises; 2. Motion learning: Forming social communication skills in mobile games; 3. Naturally applied motor activity: running, walking, jumping, throwing, drawing, building, rebuilding. Results with discussion Infringements in children with SEN (Children with disabilities SEN), are defined by the following categories: rams in the intellect, disorders in mental development, hearing disorders, visual disturbances, emotional disorders, severe multiple abnormalities, disorders of the locomotory system. Depending on the extent of these disorders, it is associated with the medical or educational social model. A medical system creates a system of special kindergartens and schools categorized by their medical abuses. In 2008, a National Strategy for 2008-2018 has been adopted, which includes measures for work with children with SEN: work with parents, information campaigns for positive attitudes towards children with SEN, creating a supportive environment. Conditions of Integrated Education. Integration of children with SEN is a complex process that needs to be carefully prepared to be successful. Conclusion Pedagogical correction and pedagogical support in integrated education. In the process of integrated education, different specialists participate through their work:
Pedagogical support of the pre-school teacher; Pedagogical support of a psychologist.
The concept of successful integration of children with SEN is to identify the potential opportunities for the education and development of each child. Keywords: training, physical activity, children References Nikolova, M., Educational and Social Integration of People with Disabilities through Adapted Physical Activity and Sport, in the Scientific Forum "Educational and Scientific Integration in Sport and Sport", June 1, 2005, S. NSA "Vasil Levski" , pp. 23-33
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EFFECTS OF APPLYING THE INTEGRATIVE PROGRAM IN THE TEACHING OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Bojan Miloradović; Živorad Marković; Aleksandar Ignjatović Faculty of Education, University of Kragujevac, Jagodina, Serbia Introduction Integrative teaching is becoming more and more present as one of the innovative work models. Through this model of teaching, the division of subjects is replaced by an interdisciplinary approach where materials from multiple subjects are processed together. Research has confirmed the correlation between the speed of cognitive processes and motor reactions (Popeska, Jovanova, 2016: 263), which leads to the conclusion that it is advisable to organize classes that will stimulate cognitive processes using the motor skills of students. In addition, physical activity shows positive effects on cognition and concentration (Chomitz et al., 2009: 31). In accordance with the tendencies of introduction of program teaching and interlinking, the question of the effects of applying mathematical tasks with different forms of physical activity and games is posed. Method The respondents were 19 first grade students of a private school in Belgrade. Within the six-week experimental program students were presented with mathematical games combined with elementary forms of movement. The program was applied twice a week for 15 minutes during physical education classes and included the following games: Mathematical Relay, Mathematical Line, Collecting Cards, Replace the cones, Mathematical Bowling and Game Dominoes. The effectiveness of the program was assessed by motor tests on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Results with discussion For motor speed tests, agility, coordination there were no statistically significant differences (p> 0.05) between the initial and final measurements, while in the assessment of the manual test there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between the initial and final measurements. Conclusion After completing the experimental program of integrative teaching of mathematics and physical education created for the purposes of this research, it can be concluded that the effects of the application of the games positively influenced the test of fine motor skills, while the effects on other applied motor tests were missed. The short time period of this experimental program was obviously not sufficient for significant effects in tests that evaluated speed, agility and coordination. In further research, it is necessary to increase the number of respondents and the duration of the program with the aim of achieving the effects of applying integrative teaching of mathematics and physical education. Keywords: physical education, integrative teaching, mathematics, motor skills References Chomitz, V. et al. (2009): Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Journal of School Health, 79, 1, 30-7. Popeska, B., & Jovanova, S. (2016). Integration and correlation concepts in physical education. Research in Kinesiology, 44, 2, 262-9.
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EFEKTI PRIMENE INTEGRATIVNOG PROGRAMA U NASTAVI FIZIČKOG
VASPITANJA
Bojan Miloradović; Živorad Marković; Aleksandar Ignjatović Pedagoški fakultet, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Jagodina, Srbija Uvod Kao jedan od inovativnih modela rada u poslednje vreme sve je prisutnija integrativna nastava. Kroz ovaj model rada podela prema predmetima se zamenjuje interdisciplinarnim pristupom gde se materijali iz više predmeta obrađuju zajedno. Istraživanja su potrvdila povezanost brzine kognitivnih procesa i motoričkih reakcija (Popeska, Jovanova, 2016:263), što dovodi do zaključka da je poželjno i organizovanje nastave koja će stimulisati kognitivne procese koristeći motoričke sposobnosti učenika. Dodatno, fizička aktivnost pokazuje pozitivne efekte na kogniciju i koncentraciju (Chomitz et al., 2009:31). U skladu sa tendencijama uvođenja programske nastave i međupredmetnog povezivanja postavlja se pitanje efekata primene zadataka iz matematike sa različitim oblicima fizičke aktivnosti i igara. Metod Ispitanike je činilo 19 učenika prvog razreda privatne škole u Beogradu. U okviru šestonedeljnog eksperimentalnog programa učenicima su predstavljene matematičke igre kombinovane sa elementarnim oblicima kretanja. Program je primenjivan dva puta nedeljno na časovima fizičkog vaspitanja u trajanju od 15 minuta i uključivao je igre: Matematička štafeta, matematička linija, sakupi karte, zameni čunjeve, matematičko kuglanje i igra dominama. Efikasnost programa je procenjivan motoričkim testovima prema Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Rezultati sa diskusijom Kod motoričkih testova za procenu brzine, agilnosti, koordinacije nisu zabeležene statistički značajne razlike (p > 0,05) između inicijalnih i finalnih merenja, dok je kod testa procene procene manuelne koordinacije uočena statistički značajna razlika (p < 0,05) između inicijalnog i finalnog merenja. Zaključak Nakon završenog eksperimentalnog programa integrativne nastave matematike i fizičkog vaspitanja kreiranog za potrebe ovog istraživanja, može se zaključiti da su efekti primene igara pozitivno uticali na test tzv. fine motorike, dok su izostali efekti na ostale primenjene motoričke testove. Isuviše kratak period eksperimentalnog programa očigledno nije bio dovoljan za značajnije efekte kod testova koji su procenjivali brzinu, agilnost i koordinaciju. U daljem istraživanju neophodno je povećati uzorak ispitanika i dužinu trajanja programa sa ciljem utvrđivanja efekata primene integrativne nastave matematike i fizičkog vaspitanja. Ključne reči: fizičko vaspitanje, integrativna nastava, matematika, motorika Literatura Chomitz, V. et al. (2009): Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Journal of School Health, 79, 1,30-7. Popeska, B., & Jovanova, S. (2016). Integration and correlation concepts in physical education. Research in Kinesiology, 44, 2, 262-9.
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AN OVERVIEW ON RESEARCH INTO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN
CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE FROM 7 TO 10 YEARS
Gorana Mršić Chartwell International School, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Obesity is one of the factors that cause many chronic non-communicable diseases, especially of children and adolescents periods that are subsequently transferred into adulthood. The aim of the study is to review the investigations carried out of the world and Republic of Serbia indicates the degree of the correlation between physical activity and obesity in school-age children, 7-10 years old. Method In this study I have used historical and descriptive methods. In this sense carried out to collect it was necessary to classify, systematize literature. Results with discussion The prevalence of overweight and obesity children in the world and in Republic of Serbia is growing, receives epidemic proportions. The greatest increase in obesity among children is observed in the United States, and since 1960 the incidence of obesity has risen to 54%. Also, the highest prevalence of obesity is registered in Southern European countries, especially in Spain (27% children), Italy (36% of children under the age of 10 years) and Greece (26% of boys and 19% of girls aged 5-10 years). In the countries of Northern Europe, the prevalence of obesity is slightly lower in the UK 20% of children in Sweden 18%, of children aged up to 10 years in Finland 13%. The final results of research conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia in 2013 pointed to the increasing trend of obesity among the population of Serbia in relation to 2006 in children has been an increase of 8.5% to 13.7 obese in 2013. Conclusion Based on the results of previous studies on the impact of physical activity and obesity in children of school age, we can conclude that physical activity has a preventive effect on the obesity and its treatment. Keywords: obesity, physical activity, children References Zdravkovic D., Banićević M., Bogdanovic R., N. Crnčević, Radlović N. (2007), Elaborate on the Project "Prevalence and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents in Serbia", Belgrade.
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PREGLED ISTRAŽIVANJA O POVEZANOSTI FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI I GOJAZNOSTI KOD DECE ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA OD 7 DO 10 GODINA
Gorana Mršić Chartwell International School, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Gojaznost predstavlja jedan od faktora koji uzrokuje brojne hronične nezarazne bolesti, naročito kod dece i adolescenata koje se kasnije prenose i u odraslo doba. Cilj rada je bio da se kroz pregled izvršenih istraživanja, kako u svetu, tako i u Republici Srbiji ukaže na stepen povezanosti fizičke aktivnosti i gojaznosti kod dece školskog uzrasta, od 7do 10 godina. Metode U radu je korišćene istorijska i deskriptivna metoda. U tom smislu obavljeno je prikupljanje neophodnih naučnih istraživanja, njihovom pregledu i analizi dosadašnjih saznanja o povezanosti ove fizičke aktivnosti i gojaznosti kod dece školskog uzrasta, od 7do10 godina. Rezultati sa diskusijom Prevalencija gojaznosti kod dece u svetu, i u Republici Srbiji je u porastu, dobija epidemijske razmere. Najveći porast gojaznosti među decom je zabeležen u SAD, i od 1960. godine incidencija gojaznosti je porasla na 54%. Takođe, najveća prevalencija gojaznosti registrovana je u južnoevropskim zemljama, posebno u Španiji (27% dece), Italiji (36% dece uzrasta do 10 godina), i Grčkoj (26% dečaka, i 19% devojčica uzrasta 5-10 godina). U zemljama Severne Evrope prevalencija gojaznosti je nešto niža, u Velikoj Britaniji 20% dece, u Švedskoj 18% dece u uzrastu do 10 godina, u Finskoj 13% dece. Najnoviji rezultati istraživanja koje je sprovelo Ministarstvo zdravlja Republike Srbije 2013. godine su ukazali na trend porasta gojaznosti među stanovništvom Srbije i u odnosu na 2006. godinu kod dece je primetan porast sa 8,5% gojaznih na 13,7% u 2013. godini. Zaključak Na osnovu prikazanih rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja o povezanosti fizičke aktivnosti i gojaznosti kod dece školskog uzrasta može se zaključiti da fizička aktivnost preventivno utiče na sprečavanje gojaznosti i njeno lečenje. Ključne reči: gojaznost, fizička aktivnost, školski uzrast Literatura Zdravković D., Banićević M., Bogdanović R., Crnčević N., Radlović N. (2007), Elaborat o Projektu “Prevalencija i lečenje gojaznosti kod dece i adolescenata u Srbiji”, Beograd.
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Jovana Todorović1; Pavle Piperac2; Zorica Terzić-Supić1; Željka Stamenković1; Dejan Nešić3 1 Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Medical students often do not meet recommended level of physical activity (PA), despite having a good knowledge on its benefits. It is widely accepted that PA level decreases during faculty. Aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of physically active students, and to identify the factors associated with PA. Method Cross-sectional study, among first and fifth year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, was conducted. Research instrument was a questionnaire, designed based on similar studies. Results with discussion Study included 496 first year and 382 fifth year students. Prevalence of high level of PA was 22.7% (199/878), and medium 61.7%. Students with high level of PA had higher likelihood of being content with PA during the previous week (OR: 15.053), like team sports (OR: 2.152), plan to start individual workouts in the gym (OR: 2.103), and lower likelihood of ever using antihypertensive medications (OR: 0.284). Total of 83.4% of students were in a groups of moderate or high PA, which means that we had a higher percentage of physically active students compared to previously published studies. Conclusion Medical students have high level of PA. There are significant differences between first and fifth year students, as well as, between students with different levels of PA. Keywords: students, faculty, workout, sport, exercise level References Al-Drees, A. et al. (2016) ‘Physical activity and academic achievement among the medical students: A cross-sectional study’, Med Teach, 38 Suppl 1(April 2017), pp. S66-72.
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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RELATIONS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS, INTELLECTUAL MATURITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN
SPECIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Miloš Popović¹; Hana Válková²; Ružena Popović³; Milan Dolga4 ¹ University of Pristine/Kos. Mitrovica, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Leposavić (Kosovo), Serbia; ² Masaryk University of Brno, Faculty of Sports Studies, Brno, Czech Republic; ³ University of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Niš, Serbia; 4 Agency for Multivariate Data Analysis - “Smart-Line”, Novi Sad, Serbia
Introduction The basic purpose of this study was to determine the gender differences in motor development, and IQ-Intellectual maturity in upper Special Elementary education students. Additionally, of special interest in this study was to determine the relationships between established levels of motor abilities (PFT), recalculated to the Z score, intellectual maturity (IQ), and the academic achievement / school success (SCSS) with the scope of gender differences. Method The total sample of 77 students of both gender (51 boys, and 26 girls) was included in the study. Upper Elementary Special School children in Nis were participated in this study. Instruments: Physical Fitness Tests (PFT) for the evaluation of motor development status was applied (Fjørtoft et al. 2003), comprising nine different tasks (including running, jumping, throwing and climbing) for the estimation of explosive strength, running speed, agility and endurance of participants. Data processing: Study Results were processed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, MANOVA, DISCRA and Correlation Analysis. Results with discussion It was established statistically significant between gender difference (p=.001) in 7 of 9 components for the estimation of motor development (PFT), with discriminative coefficient (up .000 to .037) in favor of male sample of participants. Special interest for this study was stated in regard of the relationship estimation among variables for assessment of chronological age (Age/M), academic achievement (SCSS), intellectual maturity (IQ) and motor development (PFT) of Special Elementary School Upper Graders (boys and girls), using Pearson’s, Kendall’s, and Spearman’s Correlations Coefficient (r). It was established significant between gender difference in 7/9 PFT components in favor of boys sample. On the other hand significant between gender differences were established in academic achievement and intellectual maturity in favor of girl’s sample of participants. Significant Kendall’s, Spearman’s and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient were established between intellectual maturity (IQ) and academic achievement in both sub-samples. Physical Fitness test (Z value) has not established any kind of correlations with other variables. Conclusion These research results are relevant for the evaluation of the various segments of the anthropological status such as chronological Age (AGEM), sufficient physical fitness (Z value) and academic achievement (SCSS) in children with intellectual disabilities (IQ), as these factors are important contributors to their health and well-being. Keywords: special education, P-F-Test, intellectual maturity, academic achievement References Auxter, D., Pyfer, J., Zittel, L., Roth, K. (2010). Part IV Needs of Specific Populations. 11 Intellectual Disabilities. In editor (Ed.). Principles and Methods of Adapted Physical Education and Recreation. (pp 361-392). Eleventh Edition, McGrow-Hill International Edition Popović, M. (2011). Motor Development of Children with Intellectual Disabilities (master thesis), Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH TO STUDENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY DURING
THE COURSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Petar Otković; Tihomir Vidranski; Dajana Leški Faculty of Education, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
Introduction According to categorization of the Rule Book about Elementary School Education for pupils with Disabilities cerebral palsy belongs to the group of physical disabilities. Among children with physical disabilities, there are about thirty-three percent of them who suffer from cerebral palsy. Since we know there are about forty thousand pupils with physical disabilities in Croatia, whose number is increasing every year, it is very important to have teachers who are able to plan and provide Physical Education for those individuals who have special needs. Method Based on one student’s case, it will be shown how to approach to pupils with cerebral palsy during the Physical Education classes, based on children’s disability level. Results of psychological examination have shown that student has border intelligence, and consequently with that customized education has been recommended. Pupil is physically medium-developed and his morphological characteristics show higher values in height. Results with discussion In cooperation with the doctor and expert services that work in elementary school, crucial subjects whom pupil with cerebral palsy can perform were selected in all 4 grades of his elementary education. Main operating plans and programs for the first grade of elementary school are made. Evaluation criteria have been defined as well. Conclusion Pupils with cerebral palsy are involving in Physical Education classes more and more recently. Taking in consideration that they have physical disabilities, it is very important to have individualized approach and have rational expectations from them, which are in harmony with their abilities. Those individual programs have a lot of benefits. One of the examples is that pupils will gain many skills and knowledge for everyday life. Of course, taking part in Physical education classes has a lot more benefits, such as socialization and integration. And, of course, they won’t be isolated. Keywords: Physical Education, teaching, cerebral palsy, individualized approach References Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) Izvješće o osobama s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj. Zagreb. 2013., 2014., 2015., 2016., 2017. Pravilnik o osnovnoškolskom i srednjoškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s teškoćama u razvoju (2015). Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i sporta.
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INDIVIDUALIZIRANI PRISTUP NASTAVI TJELESNE I ZDRAVSTVENE KULTURE
KOD UČENIKA S CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM
Petar Otković; Tihomir Vidranski; Dajana Leški Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Štrossmayera, Osijek, Hrvatska
Uvod Prema podjeli teškoća u Pravilniku o osnovnoškolskome odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s teškoćama u razvoju cerebralna paraliza pripada skupini teškoća tjelesnog invaliditeta. Među djecom s tjelesnim invaliditetom nalazi se oko 33% djece s cerebralnom paralizom (CP). Kako znamo da se broj učenika sa teškoćama u razvoju kreće oko 40.000 sa tendencijom rasta (Izvješće o osobama s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj) vrlo je važno da i učitelji budu osposobljeni planirati, programirati i provoditi nastavu Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture (TZK) prema potrebama pojedinih učenika. Metod Na slučaju učenika sa CP, prikazati će se individualizirani pristup nastavi TZK te načini na koje se nastava može prilagoditi takvim učenicima, ovisno o stupnju njihova oštećenja. Učenik je na razini granične inteligencije. Preporučeno je školovanje prema prilagođenom programu. Učenik je tjelesno srednje razvijen. U prostoru morfoloških obilježja, izmjerena je težina koja je povećanih vrijednosti. Rezultati sa diskusijom U suradnji sa liječnikom i stručnim službama odabrane su nastavne teme od 1 - 4 razreda osnovne škole, koje se preporučuju za provedbu nastave TZK sa učenicima sa CP. Definirani su ciljevi i zadaće koji se ostvaruju, izrađeni su globalni, operativni i izvedbeni planovi i programi za provedbu nastave TZK za 1 razred osnovne škole sa učenikom sa CP, objašnjeni načini ocjenjivanja učenika sa CP. Zaključak Učenici s CP sve se češće uključuju u redovitu nastavu TZK-a. Kako oni pripadaju skupini teškoća tjelesnog invaliditeta, vrlo je važno takvom učeniku pristupiti individualizirano, te prema njegovim sposobnostima i mogućnostima pripremati plan i program za provedbu nastave TZK. Takvi individualizirani programi djetetu će, osim stjecanja znanja i vještina potrebnih u svakodnevnom životu, omogućiti kontinuirani napredak,kao i pozitivnu socijalizaciju i integraciju, a s druge strane smanjenje i potpuno uklanjanje izolacije. Ključne riječi: tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura, nastava, cerebralna paraliza, individualizirani pristup Literatura: Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) Izvješće o osobama s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj. Zagreb. 2013., 2014., 2015., 2016., 2017. Pravilnik o osnovnoškolskom i srednjoškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju učenika s teškoćama u razvoju (2015). Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i sporta.
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TEACHER'S COMPETENCES FOR PERFORMING PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PUPILS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
Tihomir Vidranski; Petar Otković; Adriana Marinović Faculty of education, Universty of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
Introduction According to Report about people with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia, which has been conducted every year by Croatian Public Health Institute, number of pupils with physical disabilities is growing, and right now there are about 40.000 pupils with some kind of physical disability attending regular schools. Having that on mind, it is very important for elementary school teachers to have specific skills or competences which are supposed to be used to conduct Physical Education class for the pupils with disabilities. By examining all study programs in country for future elementary teachers, it is possible to see how often courses related to pupils with physical disabilities occur. Considering that future elementary school teachers in the Republic of Croatia earn their competences at six different institutions, a research was conducted on teachers who work with pupils who have physical disabilities to examine the level of teacher’s competence during Physical Education classes. Method A poll was used in order to examine the level of teacher’s competences in their Physical Education performances with physically disabled pupils. One hundred and nineteen elementary school education teachers from various schools in Slavonski Brod participated in this poll. There were one hundred and fourteen female and five male teachers. The youngest of them was twenty-four and the eldest was sixty-one years old. Their working experience was from zero to thirty-five years, while arithmetic mean of work experience is 15, 39 years. A questionnaire is consisted of 9 questions, regarding teachers work with physically disabled pupils. Teachers filled their questionnaire on the web. Results with discussion Results have shown that only 5% of the teachers consider themselves competent for performing Physical Education class with pupils with some kind of disability. 93.3% teachers claim that there should be changes in education system in order to improve current situation. 91% of them have no help from professional institutions and 92.4% of schools have no didactic materials which should help in performing Physical Education classes for those who have physical disabilities. Conclusion Based on results, there is a great need for more courses which are closely related on how to work with pupils with disabilities. Elementary school education teachers are showing a low level of self-assessment when they talk about their competences for conducting a Physical Education class for pupils with disabilities and a low level of support from the professional institutions as well. That is why it is very important to provide future elementary teachers syllabuses where they can acquire competences to work with pupils with disabilities. Keywords: pupils with physical disabilities, Physical Education, teacher’s competences References Prskalo, I. i sur. (2014). Kineziološke aktivnosti i sadržaji za djecu, učenike i mladež s teškoćama u razvoju i ponašanju. Zbornik 23. Ljetne škole kineziologa Republike Hrvatske.
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KOMPETENCIJE UČITELJA ZA IZVOĐENJE NASTAVE TJELESNE I ZDRAVSTVENE
KULTURE S UČENICIMA S TEŠKOĆAMA
Tihomir Vidranski; Petar Otković; Adriana Marinović Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Štrossmayera, Osijek, Hrvatska
Uvod Prema Izvještaju o osobama s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH), koje svake godine sprovodi Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo, broj učenika s rešenjem o primerenom obliku školovanja kreće se iznad 40.000 učenika sa tendencijom rasta. S obzirom na navedene pokazatelje vrlo je važno da i učitelji koji sprovode nastavu Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture (TZK) sa učenicima s teškoćama imaju određene specifične kompetencije. Pregledom svih učiteljskih studijskih programa u RH kao osnovnih institucija na kojima učitelji stiču kompetencije, može se dobiti uvid u zastupljenost časova predavanja koji su isključivo fokusirani na rad s učenicima s teškoćama u razvoju. S obzirom da budući učitelji razredne nastave u RH stiču kompetencije na šest različitih visokoškolskih institucija, sprovedeno je istraživanje o nivou kompetencija za izvođenje nastave TZK sa učenicima sa teškoćama na populaciji zaposlenih učitelja koji rade u praksi. Metode Za potrebe istraživanja o nivou kompetencija učitelja za izvođenje nastave TZK sa učenicima sa teškoćama i potporu stručnih službi njihovih škola, sprovedena je mrežna anketa na populaciji učitelja razredne nastave na području Slavonskog Broda. U anketi je učestvovalo 119 učitelja iz različitih osnovnih škola na području Slavonskog Broda (114 Ž, 5 M) različite starosti (min 24 god, max 61 godina) i različitog radnog staža (min 0, max 35 godina radnog staža, dok AS radnog staža svih ispitanih učitelja iznosi 15,39 godina). Anketa se sastojala od kratkog upitnika koji je sačinjavao 9 pitanja koja su se odnosila na rad učitelja sa djecom s poteškoćama, koja su učitelji ispunjavali mrežno. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati ankete pokazali su kako se svega 5% ispitanika smatra u potpunosti kompetentno za izvođenje nastave TZK s učenicima s teškoćama. 93,3% učitelja smatra da je potrebno uvesti promene u školstvo kako bi se situacija poboljšala. Njih 91% nema nikakvu pomoć stručnih službi, a čak 92,4% u školi nema didaktičke materijale koje bi olakšale izvođenje nastave s učenicima s teškoćama. Zaključak Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja nameće se zaključak o potrebi veće zastupljenosti časova predavanja koji su isključivo fokusirana na rad s učenicima s teškoćama u razvoju na učiteljskim studijskim programima u RH. Učitelji razredne nastave iskazuju niski nivo samoprocene kompetencija za izvođenje nastave TZK sa učenicima sa teškoćama i nizak nivo potpore stručnih službi njihovih škola. S obzirom na sve veći broj dece s teškoćama koji se uključuju u redovnu nastavu vrlo je važno pružiti učiteljima mogućnost za sticanje kompetencija za rad s takvom decom. Ključne riječi: deca s poteškoćama u razvoju, tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura, kompetencije učitelja Literatura Prskalo, I. i sur. (2014). Kineziološke aktivnosti i sadržaji za djecu, učenike i mladež s teškoćama u razvoju i ponašanju. Zbornik 23. Ljetne škole kineziologa Republike Hrvatske.
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CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A TEST FOR EVALUATING THE
TEACHING PROCESS QUALITY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Tonči Bavčević; Igor Jelaska; Damir Bavčević University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia Introduction Implementation quality of the teaching process is a basic assumption in attaining objectives and tasks of physical education. Previous research emphasise the importance of the quality of organising lessons through choosing adequate didactical procedures, didactical organisational forms and work forms (Prskalo & Babin, 2006; Prskalo, Findak & Babin, 2003; Prskalo & Findak, 2003). Therefore, it is crucial for kinesiological education to have the teacher’s work quality objectively assessed. Aim of this research is to construct a measuring instrument for assessment of parameters of the teaching process quality and to determine the instrument’s measuring characteristics. Method The experiment included 120 subjects, 55 female students and 65 male students from the University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology. Data on the teaching process quality were collected by the use of a direct observation method of students’ public lessons with the use of a newly constructed instrument Teaching process evaluation questionnaire (UN1) by five evaluators who were all graduated kinesiologists. UN1 questionnaire consisted of 20 qualitative parameters divided in five groups according to articulation of the teaching lesson. Data processing included determining metric characteristics; reliability and objectivity, sensitivity, distribution normality and factor validity. Results with discussion Correlation coefficient between certain items in both groups of subjects for different PE lesson parts (r>0.57) and the Cronbach’s α (>0.95) indicate an internal co-existence or a high reliability of the measuring instrument (Šošić & Serdar, 1994; Dizdrar, 2006). KS test results confirm normal data distribution for all variables, and with the distribution parameters they indicate good instrument sensitivity. Factor analyses of the test components isolated a significant factor in both subsamples of subjects, which confirms that variables in the model evaluate the same measurement subject. Isolated factor explained 62 % of the overall variability of the principal measurement subject in both subsamples with the load factor higher than 0.60. Conclusion The newly constructed measuring instrument Teaching process evaluation questionnaire (UN1) results in having good measuring characteristics in both subsamples of subjects. Based on the mentioned we can conclude that the measuring instrument enables collection of scientifically valid data and represents a valuable kinesiometric instrument for studying of the teaching process quality. Key words: metric characteristics, teacher’s work quality, kinesiological education References Prskalo, I., & Findak, V. (2003). Metodički organizacijski oblici rada u funkciji optimalizacije nastavnog procesa. Napredak: časopis za pedagogijsku teoriju i praksu. 144 (1), 53-65. Prskalo, I., Findak, V., & Babin, J. (2003).Uspješnostmetodaučenja u nastavitjelesne i Zdravstvene culture mlađe školske dobi. Napredak: časopis za pedagogijsku teoriju i praksu. 144 (4), 486-493.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND
BODY MASS INDEX IN PREADOLESCENTS
Vladimir Milošević; Ana Orlić; Ivana Milanović Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Previous studies showed relationship between self-regulation and healthy eating habits. Scholars state that one of the possible factors that can contribute maintaining optimal body mass could be higher order cognitive functions that coordinate thoughts and actions with respect to a certain goal – executive functions (EF). Previous research found negative correlation between specific executive functions and body mass. The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between three core executive functions – inhibition, shifting and updating and body mass index (BMI) in male and female preadolescents. Method The sample consisted of 137 participants (female = 70, male = 67) aged 9-10. Testing included measures of executive functions (Stroop task, shifting task, and letter memory task), body height and body mass, as well as BMI. Control variables were intelligence and number of months children were involved in sports – sport experience. Raven`s progressive matrices were used for intelligence testing, and questionnaire was used for sport experience assessment. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-test, and partial correlation analysis of executive functions` measures and BMI, controlling for possible influence of intelligence and sport experience. Results with discussion Results showed that distributions of BMI were normal, and that there were no differences between boys and girls subsamples. Inhibition was negatively correlated with BMI in the girls subsample only, r = - 0.27, p < .05, which implies that girls with poorer inhibition have higher BMI. Shifting and updating were not related to BMI in neither of subsamples. These results are in line with majority of the previous findings that have established link between inhibition and BMI. Conclusion This study points out potential importance of the EF for maintaining optimal body mass in preadolescent girls. Established relationship provides the opportunity for investigating causal relationship between these variables in longitudinal studies. In the future, the EF-BMI link should be challenged on a larger sample. Keywords: executive functions, inhibition, BMI, gender effect References Barkin, S. L. (2013). The relationship between executive function and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Journal of obesity, 2013. Goldschmidt, A. B., Hipwell, A. E., Stepp, S. D., McTigue, K. M., & Keenan, K. (2015). Weight gain, executive functioning, and eating behaviors among girls. Pediatrics, peds. 136(4), e856-e863.
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POVEZANOST EGZEKUTIVNIH FUNKCIJA I
INDEKSA TELESNE MASE PREADOLESCENATA
Vladimir Milošević; Ana Orlić; Ivana Milanović Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Dosadašnje studije su utvrdile vezu između samoregulacije ponašanja i dobrih navika u ishrani. Kao jedan od mogućih faktora koji doprinosi održavanju optimalne telesne mase pominju se više kognitivne funkcije koje koordiniraju misli i akcije u skladu sa određenim ciljem – egzekutivne funkcije (EF). U prethodnim istraživanjima je dobijena negativna povezanost između pojedinih egzekutivnih funkcija i telesne mase. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita povezanost tri osnovne egzekutivne funkcije – inhibicije, premeštanja i ažuriranja sa indeksom telesne mase (BMI) kod dečaka i devojčica preadolescentnog uzrasta. Metod Uzorak je činilo 137 ispitanika (70 devojčica i 67 dečaka) uzrasta 9-10 godina. Testiranje je obuhvatilo merenje egzekutivnih funkcija (Strupov zadatak, zadatak premeštanja i zadatak pamćenja slova), visine i mase tela, iz čijih vrednosti je izvedena mera BMI. Kontrolne varijable bile su inteligencija i ukupno vreme bavljenja sportom – sportski staž. Inteligencija je testirana Ravenovim progresivnim matricama, a sportski staž je dobijen korišćenjem upitnika koji su popunjavali roditelji. U statističkoj obradi je korišćen t-test za nezavisne uzorke, kao i parcijalna korelaciona analiza mera egzekutivnih funkcija i BMI, uz kontrolu mogućeg uticaja inteligencije i sportskog staža na ovu vezu. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati pokazuju da su distribucije BMI normalne, kao i da ne postoje razlike između dečaka i devojčica. EF inhibicije je negativno povezana sa BMI samo kod devojčica, r = - 0,27, p < ,05, odnosno devojčice sa slabijom inhibicijom imaju veći indeks telesne mase. EF premeštanja i ažuriranja nisu povezane sa BMI ni u jednom subuzorku. Ovi rezultati su u skladu sa nalazima većine dosadašnjih istraživanja u kojima je pokazana veza između inhibicije i BMI. Zaključak Istraživanje ukazuje na potencijalnu važnost EF inhibicije za održavanje optimalne telesne mase devojčica preadolescentnog uzrasta. Utvrđena veza pruža osnovu za ispitivanje kauzalnog odnosa između ovih varijabli u longitudinalnom istraživanju. Vezu EF i BMI kod dečaka treba proveriti na većem uzorku. Ključne reči: egzekutivne funkcije, inhibicija, BMI, efekat pola Literatura Barkin, S. L. (2013). The relationship between executive function and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Journal of obesity, 2013. Goldschmidt, A. B., Hipwell, A. E., Stepp, S. D., McTigue, K. M., & Keenan, K. (2015). Weight gain, executive functioning, and eating behaviors among girls. Pediatrics, peds. 136(4), e856-e863.
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DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE AND
DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL SPORT: A PILOT STUDY
Zvezdan Savić; Nikola Stojanović; Petar Mitić; Nebojša Ranđelović
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Serbia
Introduction The importance and development of school sport over the past few years has been an important field of study of certain authors and institutes in Serbia. This study represents one of many who were aiming to offer answers to certain problems in school sport. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in attitudes of students from cities of Niš and Gračanica. Method The inclusion criteria were that all the subjects participated in the school sport competitions organized by the School Sport Association in Serbia. The sample of participants consisted of 77 male high school students aged 15-18 years, divided into two subsamples. The first subsample consisted of 34 high school students from the city of Gracanica, while the other one consisted of 43 high school students from the city of Nis, all from the Republic of Serbia. The data were collected using a questionnaire (authorized by Zvezdan Savic), consisted of 24 items – claims. The questionnaire was in the form of a five-point Likert scale. The responses were provided in the form of grades from 5 to 1. In order to process the data in this study we used the nonparametric statistics procedures: frequencies, percentages and the Mann – Whitney U test for determining the differences between the studied subsamples. Results with discussion The analysis of the results indicated that there are significant differences in the case of individual claims between subsamples, in terms of importance and development of school sport in favor of a group of students from Nis. It has also been determined that students from Nis had more positive attitudes, that is, had a more pronounced attitudes towards school sport. Conclusion It can be concluded that the school sport is more developed in Nis than in Gracanica, but more research is necessary to withdraw solid conclusions. The limitation of this study could be a small sample size, so it the future research larger sample size should be employed. Keywords: school sport, attitudes, questionnaire References Savić, Z., Stojanović, N., Ranđelović, N., & Stojiljković, N. (2015). The differences in the attitudes of elementary and high school children on the importance and development of school sport. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 13(2), 229 - 240.
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RAZLIKE U STAVOVIMA UČENIKA O ZNAČAJU I
RAZVIJENOSTI ŠKOLSKOG SPORTA: PILOT ISTRAŽIVANJE
Zvezdan Savić; Nikola Stojanović; Petar Mitić; Nebojša Ranđelović Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Srbija
Uvod Značaj i razvijenost školskog sporta u proteklih nekoliko godina bila je interesantna oblast istraživanja pojedinaca ali i institucija u Srbiji. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja samo jedno od mnogih koja su imale za cilj da ponude odgovore na određene probleme u školskom sportu. Glavni cilj ovog pilot istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi da li postoje razlike u stavovima učenika srednjih škola iz dva različita grada Niša i Gračanice. Metod Kriterijum uključivanja bio je da su svi ispitanici učestvovali na školskim sportskim takmičenjima u organizaciji Saveza za školski sport Srbije. Uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od 77 srednjoškolaca starosti od 15 do 18 godina, podeljenih u dva subuzorka. Prvi subuzorak sastojao se od 34 srednjoškolaca iz Gračanice, a drugi od 43 srednjoškolaca iz Niša, svi iz Republike Srbije. Podaci su prikupljeni korišćenjem upitnika (autora Zvezdana Savića), koji se sastojao od 24 ajtema - tvrdnji. Upitnik je bio u formi postepene Likertove skale. Odgovori su dati u u opsegu ocena od 5 do 1. Za obradu podataka u ovom istraživanju koristili smo neparametrijske statističke procedure: frekvencije, procente i Mann-Whitney U test za određivanje razlika između ispitivanih subuzoraka. Rezultati sa diskusijom Analiza rezultata pokazala je da postoje značajne razlike u individualnim tvrdnjama između ispitivanih subuzoraka, u smislu značaja i razvijenosti školskog sporta u korist subuzorka iz Niša. Kada uporedimo dobijene rezultate, koji se odnose na značaj školskog sporta, uviđamo da u 7 od 10 ispitivanih ajtema postoje statistički značajne razlike u korist učenika iz Niša (p < ,05). Takođe, utvrđeno je i da se populacija učenika iz Niša pozitivnije odnosi prema razvijenosti školskog sporta u 6 od 14 ispitivanih ajtema (p < ,05). Dakle, utvrđeno je da su učenici iz Niša imali pozitivnije stavove prema školskom sportu. Zaključak Možemo zaključiti da je školski sport u Nišu razvijeniji i značajniji za učenike iz niških škola u odnosu na učenike škola iz Gračanice. Razlog u dobijenim razlikama možemo tražiti u društvenom kontekstu školskog sporta u navedenim sredinama, tj. u nedostatku adekvatnih uslova za organizaciju i realizaciju školskih sportskih takmičenja. Mišljenja smo da ograničenje ovog istraživanja može biti mali uzorak ispitanika, tako da bi u narednim istraživanjima trebalo tretirati veći uzorak ispitanika radi dobijanja statistički značajnijih rezultata. Ključne reči: školski sport, stavovi prema fizičkom vežbanju, učenici srednje škole Literatura Savić, Z., Stojanović, N., Ranđelović, N., & Stojiljković, N. (2015). The differences in the attitudes of elementary and high school children on the importance and development of school sport. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 13(2), 229 - 240.
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Social-humanistic aspects of physical education, sport
and recreation
Društveno humanistički aspekti fizičkog vaspitanja,
sporta i rekreacije
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CONTROL OF SPORTS FUNCTION IN SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDED FOR
BY THE LAW ON SPORTS
Aleksandra Sanader1; Jelena Stojilković; Jasmina Bićanin2; Ivan Ivković3 1 Serbian Institute of Sport and Sports Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Association for the Promotion of the sports law, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction The process of controlling professional work in sport plays a significant role in increase of its quality which is way it is expected to be subject to legal regulations. The aim of the paper is to examine whether and how the Law on Sport of the Republic of Serbia regulates this field and to investigate the respective changes since 1996. Method A nonexperimental method was applied. In this case study (Law of Sport), the technique of content analysis was used. Quantitative analysis was based on the frequency of ten key terms related to the control process of the last three published versions of the Law on Sport (1996, 2011 and 2016). A qualitative analysis addressed the areas covered by the document, and in particular the conditions related to sports professionals, as human resources who are holders of sports function. Results with discussion The results indicate that the total frequency of the observed key words of the control process increased (from 95 to 494), although this is not the case when referring to the total number of words in the document. It was established that the control provided by the Law has a complex and multilayer character. Conditions related to sports professionals are defined in detail by the Law but only minimum is required for those engaged in professional work with children. This does not support the work quality, especially from a strategic point of view. Future research should be focused on examining the level of understanding and awareness of sports professionals about the control of sport function defined by the Law. Conclusion The control of sports functions is covered by the Law on Sport of the Republic of Serbia in the observed period (since 1996). Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness and educate all the stakeholders in the System of sport, with an emphasis on the positive character of its mission. Keywords: coaches, licenses, supervision, sports federations References Stojilković, J. (2018). Specifičnosti menadžmenta nacionalnih sportskih organizacija. Master thesis. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organisational Sciences. Belgrade. Šuput, D. (2012). Novi zakon o sportu. Pravni zapisi, 1, 150-178.
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KONTROLA SPORTSKE FUNKCIJE U SPORTSKIM ORGANIZACIJAMA
PREDVIĐENA ZAKONOM O SPORTU
Aleksandra Sanader1; Jelena Stojilković; Jasmina Bićanin2; Ivan Ivković3 1 Zavod za sport i medicinu sporta Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija 2 Udruženje za unapređenje sportskog prava, Beograd, Srbija 3 Ministarstvo odbrane Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Kontrola stručnog rada u sportu ima značajnu ulogu u podizanju njegovog kvaliteta, zbog čega se očekuje da bude obuhvaćena zakonskom regulativom. Cilj rada je da ispita da li i na koji način zakon o sportu Republike Srbije reguliše ovu oblast, kao i da li je bilo promena u tom smislu od 1996. godine. Metod Primenjena je neeksperimentalna metoda. U ovoj studiji slučaja (zakon o sportu) korišćena je tehnika analize sadržaja. Kvantitativna analiza zasnivala se na frekvencije deset ključnih reči koje se odnose na proces kontrole u poslednja tri objavljena dokumenta zakona o sportu (1996, 2011. i 2016. godine). Kvalitativna analiza bavila se oblastima koje su obuhvaćene dokumentima, a posebno uslovima vezanim za sportske stručnjake kao ljudski resurs koji je nosilac sportske funkcije. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati ukazuju da se povećavala (sa 95 na 494) ukupna frekvenca posmatranih ključnih reči procesa kontrole, mada to nije slučaj kada se stave u relaciju sa ukupnim brojem reči u dokumentu. Utvrđeno je da kontrola u sportskim organizacijama predviđena zakonom ima složen i višeslojan karakter. Uslovi vezani za sportske stručnjake su detaljno definisani s tim da su minimalizovani oni koji se odnose na stručni rad sa decom. Ovo ne ide u prilog kvalitetnom radu, posebno sa strateškog stanovišta. Buduća istraživanja treba da budu usmerena na ispitivanje nivoa razumevanja i familijarizacije sportskih stručnjaka sa kontrolom sportske funkcije koja je definisana zakonom. Zaključak Kontrola sportske funkcije obuhvaćena je zakonom o sportu Republike Srbije u posmatranom periodu (od 1996. godine). U tom smislu neophodna je edukacija i familijarizacija svih stejkholdera u sistemu sporta, sa akcentom na pozitivnom karakteru njene misije. Ključne reči: treneri, dozvole za rad, nadzor, sportski savezi Literatura Stojilković, J. (2018). Specifičnosti menadžmenta nacionalnih sportskih organizacija. Master rad. Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet organizacionih nauka. Beograd. Šuput, D. (2012). Novi zakon o sportu. Pravni zapisi, 1, 150-178.
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SPORT AND SOCIAL MEDIA – ACTIVE FITNESS USERS' ATTITUDES
Ana Penjak; Hrvoje Karninčić; Nikolina Alerić Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia Introduction Numerous studies point out that more and more people use social media as their source of information in their exercising. Since there are no means of controlling the correctness of the used contents, users can come across appropriate and inappropriate contents. This study is based on three hypotheses: H1-the sample, in general, is statistically more non-affirmative regarding exercising based on the online and the social media contents; H2-there is a statistical difference between men and women in affirmative attitudes regarding exercising based on the online and the social media contents; H3- there is a statistical difference between men and women in non-affirmative attitudes regarding exercising based on the online and the social media contents. Method Since this issue has not been investigated much; a newly constructed questionnaire was created. The study was conducted on the sample of 50 participants (13 men and 37 women) all of whom attend either sports or fitness center in Split, Croatia. The variable sample consisted of 15 variables. Test-retest was done in order to establish reliability (88.20%) of the questionnaire. Results with discussion Affirmative attitudes are statistically significant in contrast to non-affirmative ones (Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, T=250.00, Z=3.60, p<0.001). Men are significantly more affirmative than women on the issue of sports blogs and sports contents in general online (Mann-Whitney U test, U=119.50, Z=-2.68, p=0.007). Conclusion Since this research showed only the attitudes of fitness users; we suggest that the future studies incorporate attitudes and opinion of professionals in this field. Keywords: attitudes, blogs, exercising, social media References Hanson, C., Wes, T. J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R., Barnes, M., McIntyre, E. (2011). Use and acceptance of social media among health educators. American Journal of Health Education, 42 (4), 197–204. Clavio, G. (2013). Emerging social media and applications in sport. Routledge handbook of sport communication, 259-268.
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JOB SATISFACTION IN SKI AND SNOWBOARD INSTRUCTORS
Dragiša Mladenović Ski school “Kopaonik”, Kopaonik, Srbija Introduction The quality of life and job satisfaction of ski and snowboard instructors is very important because it is the basis for providing quality and safe training for students in the ski school. The aim of this study is to assess the level of the participated quality of life and the workers job satisfaction. Method The survey was conducted as Pilot studies on sample of 29 ski and snowboard instructor, age 19-55 years. The study was conducted using three questionnaires: a sociodemographic questionnaire designed for this survey, questionnaire to assess the quality of life of the World Health Organisation (WHOQOL-BRWF) and job satisfaction questionnaire (Job Satisfaction Survey, JSS Paul E. Spector). Results with discussion Results have shown that 72.4% of instructors rated their quality of life as good or very good and 24.1% as neither good nor bad. The majority of instructors (82.7%) were satisfied or very satisfied with their general health, whereas the physical environment in which they work was rated as healthy or very healthy by more than half of the respondents (55.2%). More than half of the respondents (57.6%) feel that they are adequately paid for the job they are performing, whereby 55.2% feel that they have enough money to satisfy their needs. Negative feelings such as irritability, desperation, anxiety and depression frequently have 3.4% and sometimes have 37.9% of the respondents. Almost all respondents like working with people (96.5%), 86.1% appreciate their manager and 58.6% agree that their manager is competent when it comes to his job. Almost three 4ths of the respondents (72.4%) feel that the work communication is good and 96.5% quote that they enjoy working with their coworkers. 79.3% feel that many rules make it difficult in performing their job and 86.1% feel that they should have benefits which they don't, such as tuition fees and regress. Conclusion Ski and snowboard instructors generally assess their quality of life as good and are satisfied with their general health. When it comes to job satisfaction, they are most satisfied with the jobs nature, ie working with people and their coworkers, whereas they aren't as satisfied with their paycheck, benefits and strict rules which make it harder on them to perform their job. Keywords: instructor, job, satisfaction, quality of life References Van den Berg TIJ, Alavinia SM, Bredt FJ, Lindeboom D, Elders LAM, Burdorf A. The influence of psychosocial factors at work ability among professional workers and life style on health and work ability among professional workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 81: 1029-36. Judge TA, Thoresen CJ Bono JE, Patton GK. The job satisfaction job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychol Bull 2001; 127: 376-407.
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KVALITET ŽIVOTA INSTRUKTORA SKIJANJA I SNOUBORDA
Dragiša Mladenović Ski škola „Kopaonik“, Kopaonik, Srbija Uvod Kvalitet života i zadovoljstvo poslom instruktora je značajno pitanje jer je osnova za pružanje kvalitetne i bezbedne obuke polaznika u školi skijanja. Cilj rada je da se proceni nivo percipiranog kvaliteta života i zadovoljstva poslom instruktora skijanja i snouborda. Metod Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao Pilot studija na uzorku od 29 instruktora skijanja i snouborda, starosti 19-55 godina. Za potrebe istraživanja korišćena su 3 upitnika: socio-demografski upitnik konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja, Upitnik za procenu kvaliteta života Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHOQOL-BREF) i Upitnik zadovoljstva poslom (JSS - Job Satisfaction Survay, JSS Paul E. Spector). Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom marta meseca 2018. godine u Ski centru Kopaonik. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su pokazali da je 72,4% instruktora svoj kvalitet života ocenilo kao dobar ili veoma dobar, a 24,1% kao ni dobar ni loš. Većina instruktora (82,7%) je bila zadovoljna ili veoma zadovoljna svojim opštim zdravljem, a fizičko okruženje u kojem rade više od polovine ispitanika (55,2%) ocenilo je kao zdravo ili veoma zdravo. Više od polovine ispitanika (57,6%) smatra da je adekvatno plaćeno za posao koji radi, pri čemu 55,2% smatra da ima dovoljno novca da zadovolji svoje potrebe. Negativna osećanja poput neraspoloženja, očaja, anksioznosti i depresije često ima 3,4%, a ponekad 37,9% ispitanika. Skoro svi ispitanici vole da rade sa ljudima (96,5%). Svog rukovodioca ceni 86,1% instruktora, a da je kompetentan za posao koji obavlja slaže se 58,6%. Skoro tri četvrtine ispitanika (72,4%) smatra da je komunikacija na poslu dobra, a 96,5% navodi da uživa u radu sa svojim kolegama. Da mnoga pravila otežavaju obavljanje posla smatra 79,3% ispitanika, a da bi trebalo da imaju beneficije koje nemaju poput regresa, plaćanja školarine i dr. smatra 86,1%. Zaključak Instruktori skijanja i snouborda svoj kvalitet života generalno ocenjuju kao dobar i zadovoljni su svojim opštim zdravljem. U odnosu na zadovoljstvo poslom najzadovoljniji su prirodom posla odnosno radom sa ljudima i svojim kolegama, dok su nešto manje zadovoljni platom, beneficijama i strogim pravilima koja otežavaju obavljanje posla. Ključne reči: instruktor, posao, zadovoljstvo, kvalitet života Literatura Van den Berg TIJ, Alavinia SM, Bredt FJ, Lindeboom D, Elders LAM, Burdorf A. The influence of psychosocial factors at work ability among professional workers and life style on health and work ability among professional workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 81: 1029-36. Judge TA, Thoresen CJ Bono JE, Patton GK. The job satisfaction job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychol Bull 2001; 127: 376-407.
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SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES THROUGH THE
CONTRIBUTION OF SPORT TOURISM AND SMALL-SCALE SPORTS EVENTS
Konstantinos Mouratidis University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece Introduction Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing special forms of tourism, and an economic, social and cultural phenomenon created by the unique interaction of physical activity, people and destination (Weed & Bull, 2004). Small-scale sports events include city and mountain marathons, low range international sport events, mainly of non-widespread sports, competitions for veteran athletes' and people with disabilities (Higham, 1999). This survey highlights the sociological dimensions of applying physical activities through a small-scale sport event, the Skyros Half-Marathon in Greece, which took place on September 15th, 2018. The characteristics of the respondents (age, educational level, training age) were used in forming six main hypotheses. Method A quantitative research was conducted and a self-structured questionnaire was distributed in 120 participating athletes. In total, 104 questionnaires were collected and analyzed by SPSSv.24. A descriptive analysis was used to examine the respondents’ profile and the inductive analysis focused on an Independent Sample t-test to explore whether a difference between the mean scores of two different samples for each variable is statistically significant or not at the level of p<0.05. Results with discussion The findings confirm that participants-athletes characterized by young ages, high educational level and involvement with physical activities, but also, considered that applying of physical activities can strengthen identity and the spirit of society and mitigate social differences and contrasts. The strong preference of participants for running and jogging activities declares staunch supporters of running events and creates groups, which have the desire to participate regularly to small-scale sports events. Conclusion The sociological aspect of the research, taking into consideration the homogeneity of the participants responses, suggested that the applying of physical activities enhance the identity and the spirit of the local society and reflects an equal society for all without social differences and contrasts. Keywords: sport tourism, sociological aspect References Higham, J. (1999). Commentary – Sport as an Avenue of Tourism Development: An Analysis of the Positive and Negative Impacts of Sport Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism 2(1) , pp. 82-90 Weed, M. & Bull, C. (2004). Sport Tourism: Participants, Policy and Providers. Amsterdam: Elsevier
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SYNDICAL ORGANISATION IN SPORT – EUROLEAGE BASKETBALL PLAYERS
SELECTED AS AN EXAMPLE
Marija Todorović Faculty of Philosophy - University of Belgrade, Department of Sociology, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Sociology of sport is a new discipline which deals with context and social conditioning of sport (Radenović, 2017). The breakthrough of capitalism leads sport to become greatly commercialized, causing it to lose its primary role of play and entertainment. By becoming commercialized, sport organizations start to resemble capitalist ones and increasing profit is set as their goal (Coakley & Pike, 2009). Professional players are subsequently transformed into sports corporation workers and a hyper-slave status is imposed on them. They are expected to be always fully ready, highly obedient and willing to train hard, even beyond their capabilities. For such reasons players are daily exposed to high risks of injury that can seriously damage their health. As a result of being exposed to great physical strains, having to train two times a day and follow a tight game schedule, EuroLeague basketball players have found a solution to their problem in self-organizing a syndicate. The subject of this written work is the significance of a syndical organization in basketball and its role in the prevention of exploitation. Method The method used in this work is content analysis. Twenty three pieces of news have been analyzed, published on two online portals: Eurohoops.net and TalksBasket.net, from 12th June, 2017 to 12th September, 2018. Results with discussion The results of this research have shown that lack of time for recovery, due to the aforementioned overload, is one of the main problems among professional EuroLeague players. Constant changes in competition formats of the EuroLeague have enlarged this problem, which have manifested in players’ discontent with the working conditions of the past few years. As a result of such dissatisfaction, the first Pan-European Euroleague players syndicate has been established (EuroLeague Players Association – ELPA). Conclusion It can be affirmed that a syndical organization in basketball isn’t a novelty, considering the fact that an American syndicate already exists. What’s interesting about sport syndicates is that they are formed by “sportsmen millionaires”, which points to the fact that these requests for more humane working conditions for the existentially threatened are in a way already becoming independent of financial status, which is not the main and sufficient condition for satisfaction. Keywords: players syndicate /association, basketball, capitalism in sport References Coakley J., and Pike E. (2009), Sport in Society - Issues and Controversies, Mc Graw- Hill Education, Berkshire. Radenović S. (2017), Sport and society, Belgrade: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education - University of Belgrade.
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SINDIKALNO ORGANIZOVANJE U SPORTU – PRIMER KOŠARKAŠA EVROLIGE
Marija Todorović Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Odeljenje za sociologiju, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Sociologija sporta je mlada disciplina koja se bavi pitanjima konteksta i društvene uslovljenosti sporta (Radenović, 2017). Sport sa prodorom kapitalizma se u velikoj meri komercijalizuje, čime gubi svoju prvobitnu funkciju igre i zabave. Komercijalizacijom sportskih organizacija one poprimaju oblik kapitalističkih organizacija sa ciljem povećanja profita (Coakley, Pike, 2009). Profesionalni igrači time postaju radnici sportskih korporacija i dobijaju hiper-robni status. Od njih se očekuje maksimalna spremnost, visoka poslušnost, naporno treniranje i preko granica svojih mogućnosti. Igrači iz ovih razloga su svakodnevno izloženi visokom stepenu rizika od povreda koje mogu ozbiljno da im ugroze zdravlje. Izloženi prevelikim fizičkim naporima, treniranjem po dva puta dnevno, gustim rasporedom utakmica košarkaši Evrolige kao rešenje za ove probleme našli su u samoorganizovanju u sindikat. Predmet kojim se bavi ovaj rad je upravo značaj sindikalnog organizovanja u košarci i njegova uloga u sprečavanju eksploatacije. Metod Metod koji je korišćen u radu je analiza sadržaja. Analizirane su 23 vesti objavljene na dva internet portala: Eurohoops.net i TalkBasket.net., u vremenskom periodu od 12. 06. 2017. godine do 12. 09. 2018. godine. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da kao jedan od glavnih problema profesionalnih igrača Evrolige jeste nedostatak vremena za odmor zbog već pomenute preopterećenosti. Stalne promene formata takmičenja u Evroligi ovaj problem su uvećavale što se manifestovalo poslednjih godina kroz nezadovoljstvo uslovima rada kod igrača. Kao posledica tog nezadovoljstva nastao je prvi panevropski sindikat igrača Evrolige (EuroLeaguePlayersAssociation – ELPA). Zaključak Može se reći da sindikalno organizovanje u košarci nije novo, budući da već postoji američki sindikat. Ono što je zanimljivo kod sportskih sindikata jeste da su oni oformljeni od strane „sportista- milionera“ što upućuje na to da zahtevi za humanijim uslovima za rad za one koji su egzistencijalno ugroženi, već na neki način postaju nezavisni od finansijskog statusa koji očigledno nije jedini i dovoljan uslov za zadovoljstvo. Ključne reči: sindikat igrača, košarka, kapitalizam u sportu Literatura Coakley J., Pike E.(2009), Sport inSociety - Issues and Controversies, McGraw- Hill Education, Berkshire. Radenović S. (2017), Sport i društvo, Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerzitet u Beogradu.
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W. J. MORGAN AND A. MACINTYRE – THE ROOTS OF INTERNALISM IN SPORT
Matija Mato Škerbić University Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb Scientific Centre of Excellence for Integrative Bioethics, Zagreb, Croatia Introduction In the last two decades of Sports-Philosophy literature, the debate on internalism in sport is one of the central issues. In the ongoing debate are included, with their contributions, the most prominent scholars in the field, like R. L. Simon, Scott Kretchmar, W. J. Morgan, J. S. Russell, and Javier Lopez Frias, among others. In this paper, the author will take a look back to find out where are the origins and the roots of it. Method The research was conducted by the application of the critical analysis method, comparative historical research method, and a critical review method. Results with discussion In his 1987 Article The Logical Incompatibility Thesis and Rules: A Reconsideration of Formalism as an Account of Games, W. J. Morgan has introduced A. MacIntyre’s After Virtue: a Study in Moral Theory (1981) to the philosophy of sport, in order to solve the problem of a logical logjam in the formalists account of sport. Namely, if someone is (deliberately) breaking the rules, the moment (s)he brakes the rule, (s)is not playing a game anymore, and thus (s)he cannot win. Morgan used MacIntyre’s distinction between internalistic and externalistic values as well as between social practice and social institutions, as a carrier of the values. In the 1995 book Leftist Theories of sport. A Critique and Reconstruction he has developed the concept of internalistic account of sport with the four central elements: “gratuitous logic of sport”, “striving for excellence”, “practice communities” and “social context and history”. Conclusions First, it seems to the author that it would be fair to call W. J. Morgan for what he is- a “father of internalism” in the philosophy of sport. Second, in the authors view, by introducing MacIntyre, Morgan has created one of the turning points in the history of the development of the discipline. And third, by doing that, he has largely influenced, shaped and directed the later global sports-philosophy, especially the field of normativity. Keywords: philosophy of sport, internalism, W. J. Morgan, A. MacIntyre References Morgan, W. J. (1987), »The Logical Incompatibility Thesis and Rules: A Reconsideration of Formalism as an Account of Games«, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 14(1/1987), str. 1-20., DOI: 10.1080/00948705.1987.9714447 Morgan, W. J. (1995), Leftist Theories in Sport. A Critique and Reconstruction, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press
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THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION OF REFUGEES STUDENTS
TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Samouilidou Evdokia Ministry of Education , Greece. Coordinator in Program for Physical Education Introduction In modern education systems there is a tendency that promotes equal access for all pupils without exceptions, disabled students, students with special educational needs, and refugees’ pupils. Inclusive education aims at social justice and the elimination of discrimination and prejudice, which is a prerequisite for the creation of a society with humanitarian values. Greece as refugee hosting country adapts its education system and includes students from vulnerable social groups and pupils with cultural and religious specificities. Reception classes are created to facilitate the smooth adaptation and the pupils of refugees to stay in the education system. A framework of intercultural education is implemented with the teaching of Language, Mathematics, Physical Education, Music and Informatics. Physical Education is a dominant position and a tool that overcomes language barriers and greatly facilitates integration through inclusion of students. In the northeastern Aegean region, especially in the islands of Lesvos, Chios and Samos areas, across the coast of Asia Minor, where thousands of refugees from war zones arrive, the first refugee’s classes were created. Method In the present study a program was implemented with reference to the Physical Education Course in a Preschool Education Refugee Structure, at a Primary School as well as at the Gymnasium classes on the island of Chios. The program included Physical Education activities, athletic activities, traditional games and traditional dance as well as walking tours on designated historic trails. Refugee pupils of pre-school age, primary and secondary schools participated. The methodological tools used in this study and used by Physical Education teachers were Experiential Teaching and Differentiated Learning. Discussion with conclusion The conclusions showed the dynamic and important role of Physical Education as well its human-centered character. Particularly with the implementation of the Physical Education activities, the principle of interaction was confirmed and the students knowing each other, through common work, achieved common goals, without rivalries and conflicts. Physical Education has also been demonstrated in this study as a tool to prevent social racism and discrimination. Keywords: refugee, integration education, physical education
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HISTORY OF TEACHING OF SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT AT THE FACULTY OF
SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE
Sandra Radenović1; Nikola Mijatov2 1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Institute for Contemporary History, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction In the first decades of 20th century, we can notice the differentiation of the sociology as general social science and the founding of special sociologies among which is the sociology of sport as the special sociological discipline. The first publications about the social problems of sports are related to the beginning of the 20th century and they have had wide echo in public, academic and sports world (Handbook of Sports Studies, 2000). Soon, sociology of sport gets its place among the academic circles through the process of institutionalization of this special sociological discipline in the world and in our country (Radenović, Savović, 2018). This paper considers the history and importance of studying sociology of sport at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Belgrade since its foundation in 1938 until today. Method The historical method and method of content analysis were used in the research. Results with discussion As a special sociological discipline, the sociology of sports has been studied under various titles as a part of the curriculum since the founding of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education. Since 1946, it has been studied within the subject under the title Fundamentals of Social Sciences, and later as a Sociology of Sport, Sociology of Physical Culture and Sociology with Sociology of Sport. Conclusion The history of teaching of sociology of sport at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Belgrade since its founding in 1938 until today, indicates that, as in European and world academic space, this special sociological discipline was recognized as very important for analyzing the complex relationship between the sport and the society in order to improve education of future teachers of physical education and trainers. As an interdisciplinary phenomenon sport demands interdisciplinary studies so it can be assumed that further development of institutionalization of sociology of sport will follow European and world tendencies regarding the establishment of new special sociological disciplines related to sociology of sport. Keywords: sociology of sport, teaching subject, sport, physical education References Handbook of Sports Studies (2000), ed. Coakley, Jay& Dunning, Eric, Sage Publications Ltd. Radenović, S., Savović, B. (2018). Značaj sociologije sporta u obrazovanju budućih nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja i trenera, Sociologija, Vol LX,2018, No 3., str: 670-690.
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ISTORIJAT IZUČAVANJA SOCIOLOGIJE SPORTA NA FAKULTETU SPORTA I
FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA UNIVERZITETA U BEOGRADU
Sandra Radenović1; Nikola Mijatov2 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija 2 Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Prvih decenija XX veka, dolazi do diferencijacije sociologije kao opšte društvene nauke i formiranja posebnih sociologija među kojima se izdvaja i sociologija sporta kao zasebna sociološka disciplina. Prve publikacije na temu društvenih problema sporta vezuju se za početak XX veka i nailaze na širok odjek u javnosti, akademskom i sportskom svetu (Handbook of Sports Studies, 2000). Ubrzo, sociologija sporta dobija svoje mesto u akademskim krugovima kroz proces institucionalizacije ove posebne sociološke discipline u svetu i kod nas (Radenović, Savović, 2018). U radu se razmatra istorijat i značaj izučavanja sociologije sporta na Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu od osnivanja 1938. godine do danas. Metod U istraživanju su primenjeni istorijski metod i metod analize sadržaja. Rezultati sa diskusijom Kao posebna sociološka disciplina, sociologija sporta se u okviru nastavnih programa od osnivanja Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja do danas, izučavala pod različitim nazivima. Od 1946. godine se izučava u okviru predmeta Osnovi društvenih nauka, a kasnije kao Sociologija sporta, Sociologija fizičke kulture i Sociologija sa sociologijom sporta. Zaključak Istorijat izučavanja sociologije sporta na Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu od osnivanja 1938. godine do danas upućuje na činjenicu da je kao i u evropskom i svetskom akademskom prostoru, ova posebna sociološka disciplina prepoznata kao veoma značajna za analizu kompleksnog odnosa sporta i društva i to u cilju unapređenja obrazovanja budućih nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja i trenera. Sport kao interdisciplinarni fenomen zahteva interdisciplinarne studije pa se može pretpostaviti da će i dalji razvoj institucionalizacije sociologije sporta pratiti evropske i svetske tendencije kada je reč o zasnivanju novih posebnih socioloških disciplina srodnih sociologiji sporta. Ključne reči: sociologija sporta, nastavni predmet, sport, fizičko vaspitanje Literatura Handbook of Sports Studies (2000), ed. Coakley, Jay& Dunning, Eric, Sage Publications Ltd. Radenović, S., Savović, B. (2018). Značaj sociologije sporta u obrazovanju budućih nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja i trenera, Sociologija, Vol LX,2018, No 3., str: 670-690.
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FUTSAL AS A MIRROR OF THE CROATIAN SOCIETY:
WHAT DOES IT TELL US ABOUT GENDER ISSUES?
Sunčica Bartoluci; Mateja Baršić Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Introduction Sport as a social phenomenon is closely related to society per se. Studying sports as a part of a society gains sociological understanding of sport and related issues such as gender issues. Most sports around the world are defined as men's activities, resulting in half of the world’s population generally being excluded or discouraged from participating in many sports (Coakley & Pike, 2009). Despite that, in recent years there is a big increase in women's participation in sports. In this paper we analyzed gender issues through futsal as a sport in the Croatian society. Method We have conducted nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the players of the Croatian Women's First Futsal League. The interviews were structured around four key themes: Sport in the Croatian society, Women in the Croatian society, Football/Futsal in the Croatian society, Women in football/futsal in the Croatian society. Results with discussion Although futsal is still a relatively new sport in Croatia, it is gradually expanding. As in football, in futsal there is also a trend of greater representation of male population than women. Many of interviewed players had to overcome “the man world” of football (futsal) barriers to stay active in those traditionally man defined activity. The results focused on data relating to how these female players entered futsal, their experiences in a male-defined traditional society and explaining the relationship between futsal and widespread beliefs about masculinity, femininity, sexuality, etc. Conclusion Primary findings confirm the main hypothesis - sport could be used as a mirror of the Croatian society but also as a tool for changing stereotypes and prejudices. Keywords: gender, futsal, Croatian society References Coakley, J. & Pike, E. (2009). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. McGraw-Hill. Pfister, G., & Pope, S. (Eds.). (2018). Female Football Players and Fans. Intruding into a Man’s World. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity application in preschool
children
Metodički aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti kod predškolskog uzrasta
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COMPARISON OF THE LEARNING DYNAMICS OF SWIMMING FOR CHILDREN IN
DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES
Aldvin Torlaković¹; Roman Kebat¹; Enes Pestek¹; Milomir Trivun² ¹ Olympic Swimming Pool Center Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ² Faculty of Physical Education and Sports - University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction In the process of learning to swim, children go through certain stages of movement education that must be conducted according to the planner of the methodological principles. It is considered that the children should learn to swim as soon as possible, but of course before this process it is important to establish that the child is psychologically adapted for these activities; that the child likes water and is not scared in and around it. The aim of this research was to determine the learning dynamics of swimming for children in different age categories. Method The study was conducted on a sample of 60 children of both sexes. The program was realized over the period of 10 hours, and the respondents were divided into two subgroups: G1 (30) - pre-school children age 5 ± 0.5 years and G2 (30) – young school-age children aged 9 ± 0.6 years. Three variables were used to estimate the level of adaptation to water and swimming knowledge. Testing and evaluation of the respondents was conducted by the expert team using the method of expert assessment and analysis of the test results was presented by the t-test for independent samples (p <.050). Results with discussion After the implementation of the program, the results of the essential descriptive parameters show that the Group 2 respondents accomplished better results in all observed variables. The analysis of the t-test results for independent samples indicates a high level of statistical significance for all the variables used: the assessment of swimming knowledge (OPP <.000); swimming length expressed in meters (MET <.000); jumping into shallow pools feet first (SUV <.000). Results of the research indicate that the implemented swimming training program was more effective for young school-age children, thus confirming the results of earlier research regarding this issue (Kazazović and Associates 2007). However, the program failed to seriously affect the swimming skills of pre-school children. Conclusion Definitely, children of preschool age need a longer period of psychological adaptation as a precondition for further education in order to learn more advanced motion in the water. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that age characteristics play a significant role in learning dynamics of swimming, which should be taken into account when planning and programming swimming lessons for children at various stages of growing up. Keywords: swimming, learning methodology, education References Kazazović, B., D. Đedović, A. Popo, M. Mekić (2007). Effects of transformational processes in education (training) regarding swimming of young school-age children. Other international symposiums of New Technologies in Sport, Sarajevo 2007. Proceedings of the NTS, 324-328.
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KOMPARACIJA DINAMIKA UČENJA PLIVANJA ZA DJECU U RAZLIČITIM
UZRASNIM KATEGORIJAMA
Aldvin Torlaković¹; Roman Kebat¹; Enes Pestek¹; Milomir Trivun² ¹ Olimpijski bazen Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina ² Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta Univerzitet Istočno Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina Uvod U procesu učenja plivanja, djeca prolaze kroz određene faze edukacije pokreta koji se moraju realizovati prema planiranim metodičkim principa. Smatra se da s učenjem plivanja djece treba početi što ranije, naravno pod uslovom da je dijete psihološki adaptirano za te aktivnosti, da voli vodu i da se je ne boji. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi dinamiku učenja plivanja za djecu u različitim uzrastnim kategorijama. Metod Ispitivanje je provedeno na uzorku od 60 djece, oba spola, Program je realizovan u periodu od 10 sati, a ispitanici su bili podeljeni u dvije podgrupe: G1 (30) - djeca predškolske dobi uzrasta 5±0,5 godina i G2 (30) – djeca mlađe školske dobi uzrasta 9±0,6 godina. Za procjenu nivoa prilagođenosti na vodu i poznavanja plivanja korištene su tri varijable. Testiranje i ocjenjivanje ispitanika vršio je stručni tim metodom ekspertne procjene, a analiza rezultata testiranja prezentirana je t-testom za nezavisne uzorke (p < .050). Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati osnovnih deskriptivnih parametara nakon realizacije programa, pokazuju veće vrijednosti u korist ispitanika iz Grupe 2 (G2) u svim posmatranim varijablama. Analiza rezultata t-testa za nezavisne uzorke, ukazuje na visok nivo statističke značajnosti za sve korištene varijable i to: ocjena poznavanja plivanja (OPP < ,000); preplivana dionica izražena u metrima (MET< ,000); skok na noge u vodu (SUV< ,000). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je provedenog programa obuke plivanja bio efikasan za djecu mlađeg školskog uzrasta čime se potvrđuju rezultati ranijih istraživanja (Kazazović i sar. 2007). Međutim, program nije uspio ozbiljnije uticati na plivačke vještine kod djece predškolskog uzrasta. Zaključak Definitivno, za djecu predškolskog uzrasta potreban je duži period psihološke adaptacije kao preduslov za dalju nastavu učenja naprednijih kretnih aktivnost u vodi. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se zaključiti da dobne karakteristike imaju značajnu ulogu u dinamici učenja plivanja, što treba imati u vidu kod planiranja i programiranja učenja plivanja za djecu u različitim fazama odrastanja. Ključne reči: plivanje, metodika učenja, edukacija Literatura Kazazović, B., D. Đedović, A. Popo, M. Mekić (2007). Efekti transformacionih procesa u nastavi (obuci) plivanja mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Drugi međunarodni simpozi Nove Tehnologije u Sportu, Sarajevo 2007. Zbornik radova NTS, 324-328.
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT PRE-SCHOOL AGE
Ana Buyuklieva Department of Physical Education Theory NSA “Vasil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Introduction The notion of physical fitness has gained wide popularity. It is used not only in sports science but also in other scientific fields. Why is this notion key and has been so great meaning and place in the scientific quests of a number of authors in the world scale (Dimitrova, 2001)? Method For the purposes of the study, the theoretical method is applied, analysis and synthesis, pedagogical observation and detection experiments. To clarify these differences, we should start from this - an expression of what is physical capacity and what does it reflect? The most important However, physical fitness is a state of the individual and it is resulting from the impact of different processes. Testing, assessing the explosive force of the lower and upper limbs is the lowest number of points. Test battery used in our pre-school education system includes 4 tests:
50 m running - assessment of speed and force capabilities; Jumping length of place - estimating the explosive force of the lower extremities; Throw a 1 kg thick ball with two hands on top - evaluate strength upper limbs; Crossing 4 x 50 m - measures durability.
Results with discussion Due to the large volume of results, we only applied their “type” assessment obtained from a point system working according to age requirements. At a particularly low level, development is the speed-power abilities of adolescents. We see that even in the regulatory control base it does not separate sufficient attention to cardio-respiratory endurance, as it is the basis for the general working capacity of the individual (Kolev, 2012). The predominant estimate for this indicator is low. One-The 6-7 year old girls managed to get an average score of end of the year for the strength of upper limbs and shoulder belt. Conclusion Practice commendations:
It is necessary to increase the volume of work to develop strength abilities of adolescents. Work purposefully with appropriate tools and methods to development of aerobic endurance.
Keywords: Physical activity, physical fitness, health, children References Dimitrova, D. (2001). Physical abilities of adolescents in relation to age-related changes in body size and composition of body mass. Dis. Labor, NSA, Sofia. Kolev, I. (2012). Bike selection system for cyclists. NSA Press, Sofia.
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THE ROLE OF PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING THE HABITS OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
Ljiljana Stankov; Mira Jovanović; Nataša Starčević Preschool Teacher Training College, Šabac, Serbia Introduction Developing the practice of dealing with sports activities is one of the important tasks of preschool children teachers because regular physical activity has a significant impact not only on the physical development of children, but also on their cognitive and socio-emotional development. How much do pre-school institutions respect children's need to be on the move as often as possible? Which forms of physical activity are most commonly represented? In what way do preschool teachers motivate children to stay in nature and to engage in sports activities? Method In the conducted empirical research, using the descriptive method, we attempted to find out to what extent, within the daily activities in kindergartens, physical activities are represented, what types of exercises and games are used, in which space they take place and who realizes them with children as well as in what ways educators encourage children to lead a healthy lifestyle and motivate parents to involve children in sports. We used a survey as a research technique, the non-standardized questionnaire, compiled for the purpose of this research. The research sample consisted of 50 students of specialist and master vocational studies at the Preschool Teacher Training College in Šabac. Results with discussion The results of the research showed that the morning physical exercises take place daily in working rooms and, depending on the space, age and number of children present, lasts about 15 minutes and are realized by preschool teachers. Exercise activities held by professional associates for physical education or educators, in longer duration (up to 30 minutes) and with using the available equipment and devices are usually organized twice a week in gyms. Children's physical activities are related to all other areas of educational work within the themes or projects that are implemented on a daily basis. Daily activities taking place in the kindergarten yard, when allowed by meteorological conditions, provide children with the most opportunities for movement (using the devices) and the selection of games, and these are most often team games with a ball and of competitive character. Sport events, with parents’ participation, are organized in kindergartens at least once a year. Conclusion The answers of the surveyed educators indicate that the conditions for realization of physical activities in kindergartens are not always favorable. Spatial constraints - insufficient space in working rooms, number of children in educational groups, lack of gyms - make the work difficult, but they are at the same time an incentive to use other opportunities that are provided in the immediate environment (kindergarten yard, gyms and sports grounds in nearby primary schools) which indicates that educators are aware of the importance of physical exercise at early ages. Special attention should be paid to promoting the positive impact of physical activities on the organism and health of children in the most sensitive developmental age - pre-school age.
Keywords: pre-school age, kindergarten, preschool teachers, physical activities
References Nikolić, S. (2012). Senzorni i motorni razvoj. U: Baucal, A. (ur) Standardi za razvoj i učenje dece ranih uzrasta u Srbiji, Beograd: Institut za psihologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, 67-80.
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ULOGA VASPITAČA U RAZVIJANJU NAVIKЕ BAVLJENJА SPORTSKIM
AKTIVNOSTIMA KOD DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Ljiljana Stankov; Mira Jovanović; Nataša Starčević Visoka škola strukovnih studija za vaspitače, Šabac, Srbija Uvod Razvijanje navikе bavljenjа sportskim aktivnostima je jedan od važnih zadataka vaspitača predškolske dece jer redovna fizička aktivnost ima znatan uticaj ne samo na fizički razvoj dece, već i na njihov kognitivni i socio-emocionalni razvoj. Koliko se u predškolskim ustanovama uvažava dečja potreba da budu što češće u pokretu? Koji oblici fizičkih aktivnosti su najčešće zastupljeni? Na koji način vaspitači motivišu decu da borave u prirodi i da se bave sportskim aktivnostima? Metod U realizovanom empirijskom istraživanju, primenom deskriptivne metode, nastojali smo da saznamo u kojoj meri su, u okviru svakodnevnih aktivnosti u vrtićima, zastupljene fizičke aktivnosti, koje vrste vežbi i igara su zastupljene, u kojim prostorima se odvijaju i ko ih realizuje sa decom. Od istraživačkih tehnika je primenjeno anketiranje, nestandardizovani upitnik, sačinjen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Uzorak u istraživanju je činilo 50 studenata specijalističkih i master strukovnih studija u Visokoj školi strukovnih studija za vaspitače u Šapcu. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se jutarnje telesno vežbanje odvija svakodnevno u radnim sobama a u zavisnosti od prostora, uzrasta i broja prisutne dece, traje oko 15 minuta i realizuju ga vaspitači. U salama se najčešće dva puta sedmično organizuje vežbanje koje realizuju stručni saradnici za fizičko vaspitanje ili vaspitači, u dužem trajanju (do 30 minuta) i uz korišćenje raspoloživih rekvizita i sprava. Dnevne aktivnosti koje se odvijaju u dvorištu vrtića, kada to dozvoljavaju meteorološki uslovi, pružaju deci najviše mogućnosti za kretanje (uz korišćenje sprava) i izbor igara a to su najčešće timske igre loptom, takmičarskog karaktera. Sportske manifestacije u koje se uključuju i roditelji, organizuju se u vrtiću najmanje jednom godišnje. Zaključak Odgovori anketiranih vaspitača ukazuju da uslovi za realizaciju fizičkih aktivnosti u vrtićima nisu uvek povoljni. Prostorna ograničenja – nedovoljno prostora u radnim sobama, brojnost dece u vaspitnim grupama, nepostojanje sale – otežavaju rad ali su istovremeno i podsticaj da se iskoriste druge mogućnosti koje se pružaju u neposrednom okruženju (dvorište vrtića, sale i sportski tereni u obližnjim osnovnim školama), što ukazuje da su vaspitači svesni značaja fizičkog vežbanja na ranim uzrastima. Potrebno je usmeriti posebnu pažnju na promovisanje pozitivnog uticaja fizičkih aktivnosti na organizam i zdravlje dece u najosetljivijem razvojnom uzrasnom dobu – predškolskom uzrastu. Ključne reči: predškolski uzrast, dečji vrtić, vaspitači, fizičke aktivnosti Literatura Nikolić, S. (2012). Senzorni i motorni razvoj. U: Baucal, A. (ur) Standardi za razvoj i učenje dece ranih uzrasta u Srbiji, Beograd: Institut za psihologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, 67-80.
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EFFECTS OF “HEPAKID” TRAINING PROGRAM
FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Marijo Možnik1; Filip Matković2; Mario Škegro2 1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2 “SuperKid” School of Sport, Zagreb, Croatia
Introduction It is very important for preschool children to acquire healthy habits and to develop motor skills. That`s why it is important to find adequate methodical and organizational models which will ultimately create a precondition for the intensification of the process of physical exercise (Bavčević et al., 2006). The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of “HEPAKid” (Healthy European and Physically Active Kid) training program. Method Study was conducted with 20 participants – children aged 5± both sexes, at the kindergarten in Croatia and Czech Republic. The program consisted in total of 32 trainings during the period of 4 months. To evaluate program effects, 4 different tests (precision, balance, explosive power, agility) were carried out at initial and final stage. Results with discussion T-test at the level of significance p˂.05 showed significant difference in 3 of 4 tests. Children have made progress in precision, balance and explosive power. The obtained results indicate that after 4 months of training program, which were designed and carried out by educated coach, children have reached a higher level of motor skills. Conclusion According to the results we can conclude that “HEPAKid” training program has a positive influence on motor skills in preschool children. Keywords: physical activity, motor skills, health References Bavčević, T., Babin, J. and Prskalo, I. (2006). Complex group organizational forms – an optimizing factor in physical education instruction. Kinesiology, 38(1): 28-39. Acknowledgment HEPAKid is project Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. This publication reflects the views only of the autor, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
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APPLICATION OF DIDACTIC GAMES WITH A HOLISTIC APPROACH IN
PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Marjan Malcev University of Ss Curil and Methodius St. Kliment Ohridski–Faculty of Pedagogy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Introduction The cognitive, emotional and motor characteristics of preschool children also determine the didactic approach in the realization of the predicted contents. Development domains that involve achieving different goals exceed the standard thematic realization of contents with more complex and more appropriate approach - integration. The main goal of this research was to analyze the Early Learning and Development Program in order to find out which contents are suitable for realization by applying didactic games with a holistic approach. Second goal was to determine the effects of the implementation of didactic games with a holistic approach and also to determine attitudes and opinions of educators on the application of didactic games with holistic approach. Method The sample consisted of 60 teachers who after the application of the holistic game methods gave their general opinion of the said applied method of work? The inventory consisted of Likert type with a five degree scale of attitudes. The research was conducted by a team of researchers - professors at the Pedagogical Faculty “St. Kliment Ohridski”- Skopje, as well as assistant students from the same faculty. The duration of the research was one academic year. For the purpose of this research, we used the descriptive- analytical method. For each issue of the survey, central and dispersion statistical parameters were calculated. To determine differences in groups of tutors between two arithmetic environments in two samples, the T-test was applied. Results with discussion Observed as a whole, and in the context of the nature of the research, we can accept that the applied inventory of attitudes and diagnostic statements for evaluating the use of didactic games with a holistic approach in the educational process, and on the basis of the obtained statements, expressed an acceptable allocation of the individual results round up the central values. Although a greater number of variables deviate from normal distribution, it is necessary to emphasize that this deviation does not produce adverse effects on the final results in the processing of data in this research. Conclusion In accordance with the data we can conclude that the games which were implemented the holistic approach in the early development of children had a relatively small statistical value in the process of preschool education. Keywords: holistic, preschool education, motor characteristics References Knight, S.L., Lloyd, G.M.,Arbaugh, F.,Gamson, G.,Scott P. McDonald, S.P.,Nolan,J. Jr., Elrod Whitney, A.E.(2015). Reconceptualizing Teacher Quality to Inform Preservice and Inservice Professional Development Journal of Teacher Education: 66: 105-108,doi:10.1177/0022487115570564 Travis,S. (2010). Arts and physical education in schools: Necessities or extras? Sun Sentinel. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com. retrived 24.03 2016
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THE EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED EXERCISE ON THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Nenad Vukadinović1; Irina Juhas2; Milan Matić2 1 Sport school ToSport, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Programs of sport schools, conducted as a form of exercise during pre-school period, are aimed to encourage the general and proper development of the body, providing motoring experience as extensive as possible, as well as creating useful habits, preserving health, as well as meeting the children's needs for movement and play. The main aim of this research was to show the effects of the potential impact of the programmed exercise on the development of motor skills of children pre-school age. Method The researh is longitudinal. The sample consisted of 60 children, male, ages 5 to 6.5 years. Group had provided a program of physical exercise for a period of six months, twice a week, wherein not practicing additional motor activity. For the evaluation of motor skills it was used seven tests adapted for children of the youngest age (Bala, Popovic, Stupar, 2002): running at 20 m, polygon backwards, hand tapping, forward bend in gray foot, long jump from the spot, raising troops for 60 s and the pull-ups vis. For determining statistically significant differences T - test for dependent samples was applied. For statistical data analysis SPSS 20 program was used. Results with discussion The results showed that the level of motor abilities of boys who were involved in the study significantly increased (p< .05) after the implementation of the program by six months. It was noted that under the influence of the applied exercise program significantly advanced coordination, muscle strength knee extensor, muscle strength hull flexor and flexibility. School sports program is anticipated to be the most by exercises that stimulate the development of coordination. That improve solving of complex motor tasks, children rational use their resources and create the conditions for maximum manifestation of motor abilities. Conclusion At the conclusion it should be noted that at this age there is the effect of maturation and progress in motor skills can not be attributed only to the influence of the applied program. The results of this study confirm the validity of programmed exercise in the preschool age, as well as the existence of sports “schools”. It is necessary for children, before they start the school, to get a better motor basis, because the further development of motor skills largely depends on its formation at preschool age. Keywords: motor skills, pre-school period, programmed exercise References Bala, G., Popović. B., & Stupar, D. (2002). Necessary modifications to the standard motor tests for preschool children. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium “Sport. physical activity and health of young people” (pp. 411-417). Novi Sad: University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad marathon
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EFEKTI PROGRAMIRANOG VEŽBANJA NA MOTORIČKE SPOSOBNOSTI DECE
PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Nenad Vukadinović1; Irina Juhas2; Milan Matić2
1 Škola sporta „ToSport“, Beograd, Srbija 2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Programi škola sporta, koji se sprovode kao vid vežbanja tokom predškolskog perioda, imaju za cilј podsticanje opšteg i pravilnog razvoja tela, dobijanje što šireg motoričkog iskustva, stvaranje korisnih navika, očuvanje zdravlјa, kao i zadovolјenje dečijih potreba za kretanjem i igrom. Istraživanje u ovom radu je sprovedeno sa cilјem da se prikažu efekti uticaja programiranog vežbanja na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti dece predškolskog uzrasta. Metod Istraživanje je longitudinalnog karaktera. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 60 dece, muškog pola, uzrasta od 5 do 6,5 godina. Navedena grupa je imala program fizičkog vežbanja u trajanju od šest meseci, dva puta nedeljno, pri čemu nisu upražnjavali dodatne motoričke aktivnosti. Za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti korišćeno je sedam testova prilagođenih za decu najmlađih uzrasta (Bala, Popović, Stupar, 2002): trčanje na 20 m, poligon natraške, taping rukom, pretklon u sedu raznožno, skok udalj iz mesta, podizanje trupa za 60 s i vis u zgibu. Za utvrđivanje statistički značajne razlike na inicijalnom i finalnom merenju primenjen je T – test za zavisne uzorke. Za obradu podataka korišćen je program za statističku obradu SPSS 20. Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je nivo motoričkih sposobnosti dečaka koji su bili uključeni u istraživanje značajno veći (na nivou p < ,05) nakon sprovođenja programa od šest meseci. Uočeno je da su pod uticajem primenjenog programa vežbanja u značajnoj meri napredovale koordinacija, snaga mišića opružača nogu, snaga mišića pregibača trupa i gipkost. Programom škole sporta je predviđeno da se najviše zadaju vežbe koje podstiču razvoj koordinacije. Time dolazi do pobolјšanja u rešavanju složenijih motoričkih zadataka, deca racionalnije koriste svoje potencijale i stvaraju se uslovi za maksimalno ispolјavanje motoričkih sposobnosti. Zaključak Prilikom zaključivanja trebalo bi imati u vidu da u ovom uzrastu postoji i efekat sazrevanja i da se napredak u motoričkim sposobnostima ne može pripisati samo uticaju primenjenog programa. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ipak potvrđuju opravdanost programiranog vežbanja u predškolskom uzrastu, kao i postojanje sportskih „školica“. Neophodno je da deca do polaska u školu dobiju što bolju motoričku osnovu, jer dalji razvoj motorike u velikoj meri zavisi od njenog formiranja u predškolskom uzrastu. Klјučne reči: motoričke sposobnosti, predškolski uzrast, programirano vežbanje Literatura Bala, G., Popović. B., & Stupar, D. (2002). Neophodne modifikacije standardnih motoričkih testova za predškolsku decu. Zbornik radova Deseti međunarodni simpozijum „Sport. fizička aktivnost i zdravlje mladih“ (str. 411-417). Novi Sad: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novosadski maraton.
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Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity
application in sport
Metodički aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti u sportu
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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ACHIEVED AT THE 2018
JUDO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP
Angelina Poznanović Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction The World Judo Championships is the highest level of international judo competition, along with the Olympic judo competition. The 2018 World Judo Championships was held between 20th and 27th September, 2018 in Baku, Azerbaijan. This paper analyzes the results achieved in individual and team competitions. Method The research was conducted by the application of the descriptive method and the method of theoretical analysis. Official newsletters from the competition were used as the main source of information. Results with discussion The greatest success at this World Championship was represented by Japan, winning sixteen medals in individual competition and a medal in a mixed team competition. Representatives of France, Korea and Russia also played an important role in this competition. The national team of France won four medals in the individual competition, as well as a medal in the mixed team competition. The national team of the Republic of Korea won three medals in individual competition, as well as a medal in the mixed team competition in association with DNR Korea. The representative of Russia won three medals in the individual competition and a medal in the mixed team competition. Conclusion The results achieved and their analysis indicate that a small percentage of countries have medals in most weight categories, which tells us how big competition is. Such analysis can tell us in which direction is judo developing and which nations have the leading role in it. Keywords: judo, world championship References World Championships Teams Baku. (27.11.2018). Lausanne, Suisse: International Judo Federation. Available 8.11.2018. at https://www.ijf.org/competition/1697/results World Championships Seniors Baku. (27.11.2018). Lausanne, Suisse: International Judo Federation. Available 8.11.2018. at https://www.ijf.org/competition/1591
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ANALIZA REZULTATA OSTVARENIH NA SVETSKOM PRVENSTU
U DŽUDOU 2018
Angelina Poznanović Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Svetsko prvenstvo predstavlja pored Olimpijskih igara najviši rang takmičenja u džudou. Ovogodišnje Svetsko prvenstvo održano je u Bakuu, Azerbejdžan, u periodu od 20. do 27. septembra. U ovom radu analizirani su rezultati ostvareni u pojedinačnoj i ekipnoj konkurenciji. Metod U radu je korištena deskriptivna metoda i metoda teorijske analize. Kao glavni izvor informacija korišteni su zvanični bilteni sa takmičenja. Rezultati sa diskusijom Najviše uspeha na ovom Svetskom prvenstvu je imala reprezentacija Japana, osvojivši šesnaest medalja u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji kao i medalju u mešovitom ekipnom takmičenju. Zapaženu ulogu na ovom takmičenju su imale i reprezentacije Francuske, Koreje i Rusije. Reprezentacija Francuske osvojila je četiri medalje u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji kao i medalju u mešovitom ekipnom takmičenju. Reprezentacija Republike Koreje osvojila je tri medalje u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji kao i medalju u mešovitom ekipnom takmičenju nastupivši zajedno sa DNR Korejom. Reprezentacija Rusije osvojila je tri medalje u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji kao i medalju u mešovitom ekipnom takmičenju.
Zaključak Ostvareni rezultati i njihova analiza ukazuju na to da mali procenat zemalja ima medalje u većini težinskih kategorija, što nam govori o tome koliko je velika konkurencija. Ovakva analiza nam može ukazati u kom pravcu se kreće razvoj džudoa i koje nacije imaju vodeću ulogu u tome.
Ključne reči: džudo, svetsko prvenstvo Literatura World Championships Teams Baku. (27.11.2018). Lausanne, Suisse: International Judo Federation. Dostupno 8.11.2018. na https://www.ijf.org/competition/1697/results World Championships Seniors Baku. (27.11.2018). Lausanne, Suisse: International Judo Federation. Dostupno 8.11.2018. na https://www.ijf.org/competition/1591
163
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS ON THE METHODIC
OF WINDSURFING
Drago Grubnić1; Dejan Suzović2 1 Windsurf i Kite school Dragon Project, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction Windsurf is a water activity that delights and provokes lovers of water sports for years to face and overcome new challenges. It originates from water movement on boards without any additional equipment (Surf, surfing). Starting from ordinary boards where it was possible to move only using the force of the waves, the parts that complement the sailing board appeared over time. Method A descriptive analysis method was applied, with a special emphasis on technological solutions that influenced the change in the methodology and techniques of windsurfing, which can be divided into three phases that are clearly limited. Results with discussion In the first phase, the connection of the board with the sail was realized, thus creating a compact unit. This was done by patenting the connector which enabled a sufficiently firm connection between the board and the core. In addition to the connector, an important part of the patent was a boom, a horizontal handle on both sides of the sail, which is used for controlling windsurf board, and at the same time it strengthened sail. Due to the excessive length of the boards, relatively large forces were required, which were achieved by the relatively large sail and the great movement of the windsurfer and the sail relative to the center of the board. This was an extremely difficult and complex task because the board was too narrow and therefore unstable. The second phase is characterized by the appearance of a wide training board. Short and wide boards came through the development of the competition boards, which represented the design of the perfect board for beginners. The training boards are added to the centerboard for additional stability in the direction and thus enabled windsurfing when the wind is weak. The third phase, which has begun relatively recently, is related to the construction of sailing boats that are inflated, sails and mast that can be packed in a bag up to 1m in length and using a folding paddle as a mandatory part of snowboard equipment, making this exciting and attractive activity finally becomes available. The use of paddle allows it to lead to a good place for windsurfing, where the core is folded on the bow, then mounted on the water itself, or that the board is used as a mounting platform. The paddle is placed on the bow of the board during windsurfing. Conclusion Advancement in technological terms, as well as the emergence and application of a large number of new patents and materials used in the making of equipment, allows more and more people to master the skills of windsurfing. Keywords: development, methodic, windsurfing, equipment, technology
References Drake, (2003). American Windsurfer, Časopis o jedrenju na dasci, SAD, vol 4, issue 4. Warshaw, M. (2010). The History of Surfing
164
UTICAJ TEHNOLOŠKIH REŠENJA NA METODIKU JEDRENJA NA DASCI
Drago Grubnić1; Dejan Suzović2 1 Windsurf i Kite school Dragon Project, Beograd, Srbija 2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
Uvod Jedrenje na dasci (Eng. Windsurf) je aktivnost na vodi koja godinama oduševljava i provocira zaljubljenike u vodene sportove da se suoče i savladaju nove izazove. Svoje poreklo vodi iz kretanja na vodi na daskama bez ikakve dodatne opreme (Surf, surfing). Počev od običnih dasaka na kojima je bilo moguće kretati se samo koristeći silu talasa vremenom su se pojavili delovi koji su upotpunili dasku za jedrenje (Warshaw, 2010). Metod U ovom radu primenjen je metod deskriptivne analize, sa posebnim osvrtom na praćenje tehnoloških rešenja koja su uticala na promenu metodike i tehnike upravljanja daskom za jedrenje, koje je moguće podeliti u tri faze koje su jasno ograničene. Rezultati sa diskusijom U prvoj fazi ostvarena je veza daske sa jedrom čime je stvorena kompaktna celina. Ovo je urađeno patentiranjem zgloba koji je omogućio dovoljno čvrstu vezu daske i jedra (Drejk, 2003). Osim zgloba važan deo patenta predstavljao je bum, horizontalna drška sa obe strane jedra pomoću koje se upravlja jedrom, a ujedno ga je i učvršćuje. Zbog prevelike dužine daske bile su neophodne relativno velike sile koje su ostvarivane relativno velikim jedrom i velikim pomeranjem vozača i jedra u odnosu na centar obrtanja daske. Ovo je predstavljalo izuzetno težak i složen zadatak jer je daska bila preuska i stoga nestabilna. Drugu fazu karakteriše pojava široke daske za obuku. Do kratke i široke daske došlo se preko razvoja takmičarske daske što je predstavljalo dizajn savršene daske za početnike. Dasci koja je predviđena za obuku dodata je kobilica za dodatnu stabilnost po pravcu i na taj način omogućena vožnja uz vetar kada je vetar slab. Treća faza, koja je relativno skoro započela, povezana je sa konstruisanjem dasaka za jedrenje koje se naduvavaju, jedrima koja mogu da se spakuju u torbu dužine do 1m i upotrebom sklopivog vesla kao obaveznog dela opreme za jedrenje na dasci, čime ova uzbudljiva i atraktivna aktivnost konačno postaje dostupna. Korišćenje vesla omogućava da se odvesla do dobrog mesta za jedrenje pri čemu je jedro sklopljeno na pramcu, potom da se montira na samoj vodi, odnosno da se daska koristi kao platforma za montiranje. Veslo se tokom jedrenja odlaže na pramac daske. Zaključak Napredovanje u tehnološkom smislu, kao i pojava i primena velikog broja novih patenata i materijala koji se koriste u izradi opreme omogućava sve većem broju ljudi da ovladaju veštinom jedrenja na dasci. Ključne reči: razvoj, metodika, jedrenje, oprema, tehnologija Literatura Drake, (2003). American Windsurfer, Časopis o jedrenju na dasci, SAD, vol 4, issue 4. Warshaw, M. (2010). The History of Surfing.
165
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND
NUMBER OF REBOUNDS DURING NBA GAMES
Igor Ranisavljev1; Radivoj Mandić1; Predrag Blagojević; Marko Ćosić1 1 University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction Specific basketball testing is important for analyzing the level of physical fitness and prediction of success in the NBA league. NBA pre-draft testing includes vertical jump testing as one of the basic benchmarks for player evaluation (Teramoto et al., 2017). Previous reports showed that defensive and offensive rebound is one of the main winning components in high level basketball (Puente et al., 2015). However it is still unclear whether individual vertical jump height can predict the level of defensive and/or offensive rebounds in game. We hypothesized that players with higher vertical jump achieve bigger number of rebounds in game. Therefore the aim of the study was to assess the relationship between vertical jump performance and number of rebounds during NBA games in rookie basketball guards. Method The sample included rookie NBA guards (N=65) in four consecutive seasons. The sample of physical ability variables included data from standardized Pre-draft combine test (vertical jump from spot and from running) and rebound performance on NBA games. Statistical analysis included basic descriptive statistics and Pearson coefficient of correlation. All data were collected using official NBA league web site (nba.com/stats). All data were analyzed using SPSS (20.0). Results with discussion The main finding of this study is that the only parameter significantly correlated with offensive rebound performance during game is maximal vertical jump from running (r = -.306, p = 0.02). No other data showed significant correlations. It is obvious that reaching maximal vertical jump height is not the most important issue for number of rebounds during the game. Conclusion Most likely, the efficiency of the jump is connected with optimal jump timing as well as with the speed of jump. Many coaches also connect the player feeling for prediction of ball direction and positioning on the court as important parameter for rebounding efficiency. Keywords: basketball, offensive rebound, defensive rebound, statistics References Puente, C., Del Coso, J., Salinero, J.J., Abian-Vicen, J. (2017). Basketball performance indicators during the ACB regular season from 2003 to 2013. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15:3, 935-948. Teramoto, M., Cross, L.C., Rieger, H.R., Maak, G.T., Willick, E.S. (2017). Predictive Validity of National Basketball Association Draft Combine on Future Performance, Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32 (2), 396-408.
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POVEZANOST MAKSIMALNE VISINE SKOKA UVIS I BROJA SKOKOVA NA
UTAKMICAMA NBA LIGE
Igor Ranisavljev1; Radivoj Mandić1; Predrag Blagojević; Marko Ćosić1 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Testovi specifični za košarku važni su radi analiziranja nivoa fizičke pripremljenosti i predviđanja uspeha u NBA ligi. Testiranja koja se izvode pred NBA draft, pored ostalog, sadrže i procenu maksimalne visine skoka uvis kao jednog od najznačajnijih pokazatelja motoričkih sposobnosti igrača (Teramoto et al., 2017). Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da su skokovi u odbrani i napadu jedna od ključnih komponenti koje određuju uspešnost u vrhunskoj košarci (Puente et al., 2015). Međutim, nedovoljno je istraženo da li se na osnovu visine skoka uvis može predvideti takmičarska uspešnost prilikom skoka u odbrani i napadu. Pretpostavljamo da košarkaši sa višim skokom uvis imaju i veći broj skokova na utakmici. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio da se proceni povezanost između maksimalne visine skoka uvis i broja skokova na utakmicama NBA lige kod košarkaša koji igraju na poziciji beka i igraju svoju prvu sezonu. Metod Uzorak je obuhvatao košarkaše na poziciji beka koji igraju svoju prvu sezonu u NBA ligi (N=65) u četiri uzastopne sezone. Maksimalna visina skoka uvis procenjivala se na dva načina: iz mesta i sa zaletom (Pre-Draft Combine Test). Broj skokova na utakmicama preuzet je sa zvaničnog sajta NBA lige (nba.com/stat) Podaci su obrađeni pomoću deskriptivne statistike. Povezanost između varijabli ispitana je pomoću Pirsonovog koeficijenta korelacije. Sve analize realizovane su primenom SPSS (20.0). Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati su pokazali da je samo maksimalna visina skoka uvis iz zaleta povezana sa skokom u napadu (r = -,306, p = 0,02). Ostale varijable nisu pokazale značajnu povezanost. Očigledno je da maksimalna visina skoka uvis nije najznačajniji faktor koji određuje broj skokova po utakmici. Zaključak Na osnovu rezultata ovog istraživanja možemo pretpostaviti da je takmičarska uspešnost skoka u odbrani i napadu povezana sa optimalnim tajmingom kao i sa brzinom skoka, što je predlog za buduća istraživanja. Mnogi treneri takođe ističu osećaj košarkaša za predviđanje kretanja lopte i pozicioniranje na terenu kao važne parametre efikasnosti skoka u odbrani i napadu. Ključne reči: košarka, ofanzivni skok, defanzivni skok, statistika Literatura Puente, C., Del Coso, J., Salinero, J.J., Abian-Vicen, J. (2017). Basketball performance indicators during the ACB regular season from 2003 to 2013. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15:3, 935-948. Teramoto, M., Cross, L.C., Rieger, H.R., Maak, G.T., Willick, E.S. (2017). Predictive Validity of National Basketball Association Draft Combine on Future Performance, Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32 (2), 396-408.
167
BEGINNING OF BALL POSSESSION TOWARDS FIELD ZONES IN THE GAME OF THE WORLD FOOTBALL CHAMPION 2014
Nebojša Đošić College of Vocational Studies for the Education of Preschool Teachers and Sports Trainers, Subotica, Serbia
Introduction Ball possession in football attracts the attention of researchers for the last fifty years. The problem of this research is the beginning of ball possession in relation to four field areas. Analyzing a football game is a process that analyzes, among other characteristics, how, where and why the team came or lost the ball possession (Franks & Hughes, 2016). Based on personal experience of dealing with football and thinking about the technical and tactical structure of his competitive activity, the author of the work expects to get the differences between the four-zone field (A, B, C and D) in relation to the representation of the start ball possession in them. Method The DVD recordings of all matches played by the German National Team on the World Championship 2014 were observed, a total of seven. In the observation record, each start of ball possession is recorded in one of the four field zones.The statistical program SPSS 20 was used to process the collected data. The descriptive characteristics of the variables were calculated. T-test was used to determine the differences between individual field zones in the representation of the beginning of ball possessions. Results with discussion By the observed National Team, most of the ball possession is realized in the zone A 364 (37.10%), and the least in the zone D 103 (10.49 %). Statistically significant differences were established between the zones A and D t= 5.16 p = 0.001 between zone B and D t = 7.944 p and between zone C and D t = 4.403 p = 0.005. Conclusion The hypothesis is partially accepted because there were no statistically significant differences between the field zones A and B, A and C and B and C, p> 0.05. Keywords: football, attack phase, Football World Cup References Franks, J. & Hughes, M. (2016). Soccer Analytics, Successful coaching throught match analysis. Meyer& Meyer Sport (UK) Hewitt, A., Greenham, G. & Norton, K. (2016 ). Game style in soccer: what is it and can we quantify it? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport ,16, 355-372.
168
POČETAK POSEDA LOPTE PREMA ZONAMA TERENA U IGRI SVETSKIH
FUDBALSKIH ŠAMPIONA 2014. GODINE
Nebojša Đošić Visoka škola strukovnih studija za obrazovanje vaspitača i trenera, Subotica, Srbija Uvod Posed lopte u fudbalu privlači pažnju istraživača poslednjih pedesetak godina. Problem kojim se bavi ovo istraživanje je početak poseda lopte u odnosu na četiri zone terena. Analiziranje fudbalske utakmice je proces u kome se između ostalih karakteristika analizira i kako, gde i zašto je tim došao ili izgubio posed lopte (Franks & Hughes, 2016). Na osnovu ličnog iskustava bavljenja fudbalom i promišljanja o tehničko-taktičkoj strukturi njegove takmičarske aktivnosti autor rada očekuje da će se dobiti razlike između četiri zone terena (A, B, C i D) u odnosu na zastupljenost početaka poseda lopte u njima. Metod Posmatrani su dvd snimci svih utakmica koje je reprezentacija Nemačke odigrala na svetskom fudbalskom prvenstvu 2014. godine, ukupno sedam. U posmatrački list je evidentiran svaki početak poseda lopte u jednoj od četiri zonе terena. Za obradu prikupljenih podataka primenjen je statistički program SPSS 20. Izračunate su deskriptivne karakteristike varijabli. Za utvrđivanje razlika između pojedinih zona terena u zastupljenosti početaka poseda lopte u njima primenjen je t-test. Rezultati sa diskusijom Kod posmatrane reprezentacije najveći broj početaka poseda lopte je ostvaren u zoni A 364 (37,10 %), a najmanje u zoni D 103 (10,49 %). Statistički značajne razlike su utvrđene između zona A i D t = 5,16 p = 0,001 između zona B i D t = 7,944 p = 0,000 i između zona C i D t = 4,403 p = 0,005. Zaključak Hipoteza se delimično prihvata zato što nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između zona terena A i B, A i C i B i C, p > 0,05. Ključne reči: fudbal, faza napada, Svetsko fudbalsko prvenstvo Literatura Franks, J. & Hughes, M. (2016). Soccer Analytics, Successful coaching throught match analysis. Meyer& Meyer Sport (UK) Hewitt, A., Greenham, G. & Norton, K. (2016 ). Game style in soccer: what is it and can we quantify it? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport ,16, 355-372.
169
THE SPEED OF THE JUMP SHOT AS A FACTOR OF PRECISION
IN THE BASKETBALL
Saša Jakovljević; Radivoj Mandić; Nenad Janković; Zoran Pajić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Serbia Introduction The speed and accuracy of passing and shooting the ball in the appropriate team sports are two very important parameters of their performance. Speed of shooting is one of the basic kinematic variables of basketball shots (Dobovičnik et al., 2015). In relation to the motor structure of the jump shot, the speed of performance can affect its efficiency. The aim of this paper was to compare the results in the test without a time limit and when it is performed with a time limit. The hypothesis was that respondents would be significantly more efficient in performing without a time limit in relation to the results when the duration of the test was time-limited. Method The sample included 86 junior basketball players (19±0.5 years old). Respondents had at least 4 years of systematic basketball training. A test of shooting with five outer positions and a variant of the same test in which performance is limited to 50 seconds were applied. The data were processed with the basic descriptive statistics, and the relations between the results in the two tests were tested using the single-factor ANOVA procedure and the regression analysis. Results with discussion Respondents in a five-point stand-off test, performed without a time limit, scored an average score of 10.37, while in a time-limited variant they scored an average score of 9.05. Using variance analysis, it has been shown that the results in these two tests differ on a significance level of 0.05. The results of the regression analysis showed that the precision of the shooting under the time constraints under a significant impact of the shooting skills expressed in a test performed without a time limit (R2 = 0.419; p = 0.001). These results are expected, considering that without a time-out shot, players can play a “quiet” shot, i.e. prior to the execution of the shots provide a good balance, proper flow of shots and good concentration on the act of shooting. Conclusion It can be concluded that the time limitation of the duration of the test causes the results to be poorer than the results of the same test in which there is no time limit. As the basketball game continues to accelerate, and that fast shot is approaching the performance of the test to the conditions of the game, it is desirable in the area of testing the precision of the shooting in a greater extent to apply tests in which the respondents must make fast shots. Keywords: junior, shots, five position, time limit References Dobovičnik, L., Jakovljević, S., Zovko V., & Erčulj, F. (2015). Determination of the optimal certain kinematic parameters in basketball three-point shooting using the 94Fifty technology. Physical culture, 69(1), 5-13. Karalejić, M., i Jakovljević, S. (2009). Dijagnostika u košarci [Diagnostics in basketball. In Serbian] 3D+ i VSZŠB: Beograd.
170
BRZINA IZVOĐENJA SKOK ŠUTA KAO FAKTOR PRECIZNOSTI U KOŠARCI
Saša Jakovljević; Radivoj Mandić; Nenad Janković; Zoran Pajić Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Uvod Brzina i preciznost dodavanja i šutiranja lopte u odgovarajućim timskim sportovima su dva veoma važna parametra njihovog izvođenja. Brzina šuta je jedna od osnovnih kinematičkih varijabli šuta u košarci (Dobovičnik i sar. 2015). U odnosu na motoričku strukturu skok šuta, brzina izvođenja može da utiče na njegovu efikasnost (Karalejić, & Jakovljević, 2008). Cilj ovog rada je bio da se uporede rezultati u testu šutiranja u uslovima kada se test izvodi bez vremenskog ograničenja i kada se izvodi sa vremenskim ograničenjem. Pretpostavka je bila da će ispitanici biti značajno efikasniji kod izvođenja bez vremenskog ograničenja u odnosu rezultate kada je trajanje izvođenja testa vremenski ograničeno. Metod Uzorkom je bilo obuhvaćeno 86 košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta (19±0,5 godina). Ispitanici su imali najmanje 4 godine sistematskog bavljenja košarkom. Primenjen je test šutiranja sa pet spoljnih pozicija i varijanta istog testa u kojem je izvođenje ograničeno na 50 sekundi (Karalejić i Jakovljević, 1998; 2009). Podaci su obrađeni osnovnom deskriptivnom statistikom, a relacije između rezultata u dva testa su ispitane primenom procedura jednofaktorska ANOVA i regresiona analiza. Rezultati sa diskusijom Ispitanici su u testu šutiranja sa pet spoljnih pozicija, koji se izvodi bez vremenskog ograničenja, postigli prosečan rezultat od 10,37 pogodaka, dok su u varijanti sa vremenskim ograničenjem postigli prosečan rezultat 9,05. Primenom analize varijanse pokazano je da se rezultati u ova dva testa razlikuju na nivou značajnosti od 0.05. Rezultati regresione analize su pokazali da je preciznost šutiranja u uslovima vremenskog ograničenja pod značajnim uticajem veštine šutiranja izražene u testu koji se izvodi bez vremenskog ograničenja (R2 = 0,419; p=0,001). Ovi rezultati su očekivani, s obzirom da šutiranje bez vremenskog ograničenja omogućava igračima da izvedu „miran“ šut, tj. da pre izvođenja šuta obezbede dobru ravnotežu, pravilan tok šuta i dobru koncentraciju na sam akt šutiranja. Zaključak Može se zaključiti da vremensko ograničenje trajanja testa šutiranja uzrokuje postizanje slabijih rezultata u odnosu na rezultate istog testa u kojem nema vremenskog ograničenja. U odnosu na to da se igra u košarci i dalje ubrzava, i da brzo šutiranje približava izvođenje testa uslovima igre, poželjno je u prostoru testiranja preciznosti šutiranja u većoj meri, primenjivati testove u kojima ispitanici moraju brzo šutirati. Ključne reči: juniori, šutevi, pet pozicija, vremensko ograničenje. Literatura Dobovičnik, L., Jakovljević, S., Zovko V., i Erčulj, F. (2015). Određivanje optimalnih vrednosti pojedinih kinematičkih parametara šuteva za tri poena u košarci primenom 94Fifty tehnologije. Fizička kultura, 69(1), 5-13. Karalejić, M., i Jakovljević, S. (2009). Diagnostika u košarci. 3D+ i VSZŠB: Beograd.
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FIELD HOCKEY NOW AND THEN IN SERBIA
Živorad Marković1; Antonio Antonov2; Aleksandar Ignjatović1 1 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences, Jagodina, Serbia, 2 National Sports Academy “Vasil Levski’’, Sofia, Bulgaria
Introduction The first traces of field hockey were found in Egypt 4000 years ago, which is confirmed by the relief found in the tomb in the village of Beni Hasan. The two players with the clubs were represented fighting for the ball. The contemporary field hockey originated in London in 1861. It became the Olympic sport for men in 1908 and for women in 1980. On the initiative of the Physical Board of Belgrade and a few students of Faculty of Physical Education, the first Serbian field hockey club “Cukaricki” was found in 1949. Method For the collection of the relevant data the archives of Yugoslavian and Serbian Filed Hockey association was used. The analysis of the contents was used. Results with discussion Hockey first appeared in the teritory of the ex-Yugoslavia in Zagreb. The Croation Hockey Association was founded in 1936. The first founded clubs in Serbia are „Cukaricki” in Belgrade (1949) and „Elektricna Centrala” in Subotica (1949). Then BASK (1953), Zvezda (1954), Toplana (1958), Zorka (1963), Subotica-trans (1963), Suboticanka (1965), Fidelinka (1966), 29th November (1966), Student (1967) and Elektrovojvodina (1967). The most prominent success of the Yugoslavian National team was the first place in the 8th Mediterranean sport games in 1979 in Split. In the Yugoslavian Championship the primacy was held by Croatian clubs. In 1968 the Championship was won by HK Suboticanka and since 1991 Suboticanka was the Yugoslav Champion eleven times. That year the Yugoslav Championship was ceased. Since 2007, the Serbian Championship has been held. At the moment there are nine clubs in Serbia in female and five in male category. Conclusion Field hockey has never had adequate facilities as some other sports. The development of field hockey in Serbia can be started only by the enthusiasts who keep this sport from extinction and oblivion with the help of students and professors of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Serbia. The basic directions of the development of the field hockey in Serbia are presented in the Forum of Eastern European countries held in 2017 in Jagodina and accepted by EHF. Keywords: field hockey, development, Serbia References Forni, D. (2007). Sports: visual encyclopaedia. Belgrade: Creative center. International Hockey Federation, FIH, http://www.fih.ch/en/fih/sport/coaching (12.11.2018).
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HOKEJ NA TRAVI NEKADA I SADA U SRBIJI
Živorad Marković1; Antonio Antonov2; Aleksandar Ignjatović1 1 Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet pedagoških nauka, Jagodina, Srbija, 2 Nacionalna sportska akademija “Vasil Levski’’, Sofija, Bugarska
Uvod Prve tragove o hokeju na travi pronađeni su u Egiptu pre 4000 godina, o čemu svedoči reljef pronađen u grobnici u selu Beni Hasan. Prikazana su dva igrača sa palicama u borbi za lopticu. Današnji hokej na travi nastao je u Londonu 1861. godine. Postaje olimpijski sport za muškarce 1908. a za žene 1980. Na inicijativu Fiskulturnog odbora Beograda i nekoliko studenata DIF-a, osnovan je februara 1949. prvi srpski klub hokeja na travi „Čukarički”. Metod Za prikupljanje relevantnih podataka korišćena je arhivska građa jugoslovenskog i srpskog saveza hokeja na travi. Od metoda korišćena je analiza sadržaja. Rezultati sa diskusijom Hokej se na prostorima stare Jugoslavije prvo pojavio u Zagrebu. Hrvatski hokejski savez osnovan je 1936. Prvi osnovani klubovi u Srbiji su Čukarički u Beogradu (1949) i Električna centrala u Subotici (1949). Zatim se osniva BASK (1953), Zvezda (1954), Toplana (1958), Zorka (1963), Subotica-trans (1963), Subotičanka (1965), Fidelinka (1966), 29. novembar (1966), Student (1967) i Elektrovojvodina (1967). Najznačajniji uspeh jugoslovenske reprezentacije je osvajanje prvog mesta na VIII Mediteranskim sportskim igrama, 1979. u Splitu. U prvenstvu SFRJ dominaciju sve do 1967 imaju hrvatski klubovi, a 1968. prvenstvo osvaja HK Subotičanka i do 1991. biva jedanaest puta prvak, kada prestaje da se odigrava prvenstvo Jugoslavije. Od 2007. igra se prvenstvo Srbije. Trenutno u Srbiji postoji devet klubova, četiri u konkurenciji žena i pet u konkurenciji muškaraca. Zaključak Hokej na travi nikada, a ni sada nije imao adekvatne uslove kao što su to imali drugi sportovi. Razvitak hokeja u Srbiji mogu da pokrenu samo entuzijasti koji čuvaju ovaj sport od gašenja i zaborava uz pomoć studenata i profesora fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Srbiji. Osnovne smernice razvoja Hokeja na travi u Srbiji prezentovane su na Forumu zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope održanog 2017. u Jagodini i prihvaćene od EHF. Ključne reči: hokej na travi, razvoj, Srbija Literatura Forni, D. (2007). Sportovi: vizuelna enciklopedija. Beograd: Kreativni centar. International Hockey Federation, FIH, http://www.fih.ch/en/fih/sport/coaching (12.11.2018).
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THE DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SHOT FROM THE PIVOT AND
WING POSITION IN THE FUNCTION OF THE FINAL PLACEMENT OF THE TEAMS AT THE WORLD HANDBALL CHAMPIONSHIPS
FOR WOMEN IN 2015 AND 2017
Zoran Valdevit1; Milica Simić1; Milivoj Dopsaj1, 2; Stefan Marković1; Milan Petronijević1 1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Phisical Education, Belgrade, Serbia 2 South Ural State University, Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Introduction To achieve superior handball results, the basic parameters of the efficiency of the game, team, and payer during the competition process must be monitored and analyzed. That is way modern research and structural analyzes are needed to provide insight into the different stages of the game. The survey sample consisted of all games played at the World Championships in 2015. and 2017. in handball for women. The aim of this paper is so determine the differences in the efficiency of the shot from the pivot position and the wing position in the function of the final placement of the team, as well as the determination of the differences in the efficiency of the shots at the World Championships that were observed. Method In this paper was used the method of analysis of competitive activity using the secondary data analysis technique. Variables that were monitored are results of the effectiveness of the shots from pivot position and wing position. The data was processed using descriptive statistical analysis. Presence of the differences in effectiveness of performing these technical elements was established by using Factorial ANOVA, while the presence of the partical differences in relation to the placement was established by using post hoc tests. Results with discussion According to the ANOVA results, it has been established that for both variables that were monitored there are statistically significant differences on a general level based on the final placement of the teams and they are: shot from pivot position (F=4.88, p=0.002) and shot from wing position (F=4.36, p=0.003). Using post hoc tests, from the pivot position variable, it has been established that the teams ranked from 1st to 4th place, as well as the teams ranked from 9th to 12th place had significantly higher effectiveness of the shot (p<0.05) than teams that were ranked from 21st to 24th place. For the shot from wing position variable, it has been established that teams ranked from 1st to 12th place had significantly higher effectiveness of the shot (p<0.05) than teams ranked from 21st to 24th place at this Championships. Conclusion The results obtained through the research indicate the difference in the efficiency of performance of the shots from characteristic positions. The research shows that better placed teams have significantly more efficient realizations of the shots from pivot position and wing position. Keywords: handball, efficiency, positions in the game References Valdevit, Z. (2009). Modelne karakteristike tehničko-taktičkih aktivnosti u fazi napada u rukometu. Godišnjak fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, 16, (39-64).
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RAZLIKE EFIKASNOSTI ŠUTA SA POZICIJA PIVOTMENA I KRILA U FUNKCIJI PLASMANA EKIPA NA SVETSKIM PRVENSTVIMA U RUKOMETU
ZA ŽENE 2015. I 2017. GODINE
Zoran Valdevit1; Milica Simić1; Milivoj Dopsaj1, 2; Stefan Marković1; Milan Petronijević1 1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija 2 Institut za sport, turizam i uslugu, Južni Uralski državni univerzitet, Čeljabinsk, Rusija
Uvod Za postizanje vrhunskih rukometnih rezultata i programiranje trenažnog procesa, moraju se pratiti i analizirati osnovni parametri efikasnosti igre, ekipe i igrača u toku takmičenja i takmičarskog procesa. Zato su neophodna savremena istraživanja i strukturalne analize koje omogućavaju uvid u različite faze igre. U ovom istraživanju uzorak su činile sve utakmice odigrane na Svetskim prvenstvima 2015. i 2017. godine u rukometu za žene. Cilj ovog rada jeste utvrđivanje razlika efikasnosti šuta sa pozicija pivotmena i krila u funkciji konačnog plasmana ekipa, kao i utvrđivanje razlika u efikasnosti šuta na posmatranim Svetskim prvenstvima. Metod U ovom radu korišćen je metod analize takmičarske aktivnosti primenom tehnike sekundarne analize podataka. Varijable istraživanja čine rezultati efikasnosti šuta sa pozicije pivotmena i krila. U prvom koraku podaci su obrađeni primenom deskriptivne statističke analize. Normalitet raspodele rezultata je utvrđen primenom standardnog Shapiro Wilk testa. Postojanje razlika u efikasnosti izvođenja datih tehničkih elemenata utvrđeno je primenom faktorske analize varijanse (Factorial ANOVA), dok je postojanje parcijalnih razlika u odnosu na plasman ekipa utvrđeno primenom post hok testova (Bonferroni). Korišćeni podaci preuzeti su sa zvanične internet stranice Svetske rukometne federacije (IHF). Rezultati sa diskusijom Na osnovu rezultata ANOVE, utvrđeno je da za obe ispitivane varijable u odnosu na konačan plasman ekipa postoje statistički značajne razlike na generalnom nivou i to: šut sa pozicije pivotmena (F=4,88, p=0,002) i šut sa pozicije krila (F=4,36, p=0,003). Primenom post hok testova, za varijablu šut sa pozicije pivotmena, utvrđeno je da su ekipe plasirane od 1. do 4. mesta, kao i ekipe plasirane od 9. do 12. mesta imale statistički značajno veću efikasnost šuta (p<0,05) od ekipa koje su zauzele plasman od 21. do 24. mesta. Za varijablu šut sa pozicije krila utvrđeno je da su ekipe plasirane od 1. do 12. mesta imale statistički značajno veću efikasnost šuta (p<0,05) u odnosu na ekipe plasirane od 21. do 24. mesta na ovim takmičenjima. Utvrđeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u efikasnosti šuta sa datih pozicija imeđu Svetskih prvenstava. Zaključak Dobijeni rezultati ukaziju na postojanje razlika u efikasnosti izvođenja šuta sa karakterističnih pozicija u funkciji plasmana odnosno na činjenicu da bolje plasirane ekipe imaju značajno efikasniju realizaciju šuta sa pozicije pivotmena i krila. Ključne reči: rukomet, efikasnost, pozicije u igri Literatura Valdevit, Z. (2009). Modelne karakteristike tehničko-taktičkih aktivnosti u fazi napada u rukometu. Godišnjak fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, 16, (39-64).
175
LIST OF REVIEWERS / SPISAK RECENZENATA
Prof. Dragan Mirkov, PhD Prof. Dušan Mitić, PhD Prof. Goran Kasum, PhD Prof. Goran Nešić, PhD Prof. Irina Juhas, PhD Prof. Marija Macura, PhD Prof. Stanimir Stojiljković, PhD Assoc. prof. Ana Orlić, PhD Assoc. prof. Ana Vesković Đaković, PhD Assoc. prof. Darko Mitrović, PhD Assoc. prof. Dejan Ilić, PhD Assoc. prof. Dejan Suzović, PhD Assoc. prof. Ivana Milanović, PhD Assoc. prof. Nenad Janković, PhD Assoc. prof. Sanja Mandarić, PhD Assoc. prof. Vladimir Ilić, PhD Assoc. prof. Zoran Valdevit, PhD Assis. prof. Aleksandra Popović, PhD Assis. prof. Bojan Leontijević, PhD Assis. prof. Branka Marković, PhD Assis. prof. Goran Prebeg, PhD Assis. prof. Lidija Moskovljević, PhD Assis. prof. Milinko Dabović, PhD Assis. prof. Miloš Mudrić, PhD Assis. prof. Miloš Marković, PhD Assis. prof. Radivoj Mandić, PhD Assis. prof. Sandra Radenović, PhD Assis. prof. Vladimir Mrdaković, PhD
176
INDEX OF AUTHORS / INDEKS AUTORA
A. Stafyla 89 Adriana Marinović 124, 125 Aldvin Torlaković 55, 56, 149, 150 Aleksa Grbović 39, 40 Aleksandar Ignjatović 116, 117, 171, 172 Aleksandra Domanović 25, 26 Aleksandra Grbović 93, 94 Aleksandra Lazić 68, 69 Aleksandra Popović 41, 42 Aleksandra Sanader 133, 134 Amador García Ramos 14 Ana Buyuklieva 115, 151 Ana Orlić 79, 80, 127, 128 Ana Penjak 135 Ana Vesković 77, 78, 85, 86 Andrijana Trišić 43, 44 Angelina Poznanović 161, 162 Antonio Antonov 171, 172 Athanailidis Ioannis 89 Athanasios Laios 89 Bojan Jorgić 45, 46 Bojan Leontijević 97, 98 Bojan Miloradović 116, 117 Bojan Mitrović 57, 58 Božo Bokan 27, 28 Branka Marković 23, 24, 41, 42 Branka Savović 19, 20 Dajana Janović 79, 80 Dajana Leški 122, 123 Damir Bavčević 61, 126 Dejan Ilić 43, 44, 72, 73 Dejan Nešić 120 Dejan Suzović 68, 69, 163, 164 Dimitrije Mitrović 72, 73 Dragiša Mladenović 136, 137 Drago Grubnić 163, 164 Dušanka Lazarević 79, 80 Duško Ilić 99, 100 Edin Mirvić 55, 56 Enes Pestek 149, 150 Fehim Djoshan 111 Filip Matković 154 Georgi Stoykov 111 Goran Bošnjak 21, 22 Goran Jelaska 61 Goran Nešić 62, 63, 77, 78 Goran Prebeg 109, 110 Goran Vučković 57, 58 Gorana Mršić 118, 119 Gorana Tešanović 21, 22, 35, 36 Grigor Gutev 105 Hana Válková 121
Hristyana Guteva 106 Hrvoje Ajman 66, 67 Hrvoje Karninčić 87, 88, 135 Igor Jelaska 126 Igor Ranisavljev 165, 166 Irina Juhas 156, 157 Iva Dimova 106, 107 Ivan Ivković 133, 134 Ivan Kolev 64, 65 Ivana Milanović 127, 128 Ivaylo Lazarov 108 Jasmina Bićanin 133, 134 Jasna Popović 29 Jelena Stojilković 133, 134 Jelica Petrović 81, 82, 83, 84 Josefina Đuzel 53, 54, 87, 88 Josip Cvenić 47, 48 Jovana Todorović 120 Jovana Trbojević 81, 82, 83, 84 Konstantinos Mouratidis 138 Kosta Novaković 49 Ksenija Stanimirov 93, 94 Lazar Tomić 97, 98 Lidija Moskovljević 41, 42 Ljiljana Stankov 152, 153 Ljubica Papić 23, 24 Marija Grbović 25, 26 Marija Macura 50, 51 Marija Pavlović 29 Marija Todorović 139, 140 Marijana Čavala 53, 54, 87, 88 Marijo Možnik 154 Marin Gadev 52 Marina Đorđević-Nikić 39, 40 Mario Škegro 154 Marjan Malcev 155 Marko Ćosić 25, 26, 165, 166 Marko Erak 32, 33 Marko Jezdimirović 45, 46 Marko Medak 32, 33 Marko Šindik 53, 54 Martina Gebaj 66, 67 Martina Rezić 35, 36 Mateja Baršić 145 Matija Mato Škerbić 141 Maya Chipeva 106 Milan Dolga 29, 121 Milan Matić 95, 96, 156, 157 Milan Petronijević 173, 174 Milica Simić 72, 73, 173, 174 Milinko Dabović 21, 22, 25, 26 Milivoj Dopsaj 97, 98, 173, 174
177
Milomir Trivun 55, 56, 149, 150 Miloslav Fabok 97, 98 Miloš Marković 27, 28 Miloš Mudrić 50, 51, 68, 69 Miloš Popović 121 Miloš Ubović 99, 100 Miljan Grbović 25, 26 Mima Stanković 45, 46 Miodrag Spasić 53, 54, 87, 88 Mira Jovanović 152, 153 Miroljub Ivanović 70, 71 Mladen Stanković 27, 28 Nataša Starčević 152, 153 Nebojša Đošić 167, 168 Nebojša Ranđelović 129, 130 Nenad Janković 95, 96, 169, 170 Nenad Koropanovski 57, 58 Nenad Vukadinović 156, 157 Nikola Jokić 50, 51 Nikola Majstorović 62, 63, 72, 73 Nikola Mijatov 143, 144 Nikola Petrović 77, 78, 85, 86 Nikola Stojanović 129, 130 Nikolina Alerić 135 Nives Jakus 87, 88 Pavle Piperac 120 Petar Mitić 129, 130 Petar Otković 122, 123, 124, 125 Petar Peev 52 Petra Cerić 53, 54 Plamen Nyagin 106 Predrag Blagojević 165, 166 Radivoj Mandić 165, 166, 169, 170 Radivoje Janković 57, 58 Robert Ropret 109, 110 Roberto Coppola 101 Roman Kebat 149, 150 Rumiana Karapetrova 111 Ružena Popović 29, 121 Samouilidou Evdokia 142 Sandra Radenović 27, 28, 143, 144 Santiago Veiga 13 Sanja Dimoski 93, 94
Sanja Mandarić 30, 31 Saša Jakovljević 169, 170 Saša Kostić 99, 100 Saša Zornić 62, 63 Snežana Radisavljević Janić 30, 31, 79, 80 Sonja Kocić Pajić 32, 33 Stanimir Stojiljković 23, 24 Stefan Đorđević 45, 46 Stefan Marković 173, 174 Stefan Stoykov 111 Stevan Mesarović 109, 110 Stipo Dajaković, 34 Sunčica Bartoluci 145 Tamara Despot 34 Teodora Miketa 101 Tihomir Vidranski 122, 123, 124, 125 Tijana Purenović-Ivanović 29 Tomaž Pavlin 15 Tonči Bavčević 61, 126 Tzeni Deligiannidou 89 Uglješa Ivanović 70, 71 Vanja Mijajlović 41, 42 Verjinia Milashka 111 Vladimir Antić 45, 46 Vladimir Barać 32, 33 Vladimir Grbić 62, 63 Vladimir Ilić 43, 44, 49 Vladimir Jakovljević 21, 22, 35, 36 Vladimir Koprivica 23, 24 Vladimir Milošević 127, 128 Vladimir Mrdaković 99, 100 Vladimir Pokrajčić 35, 36 Zoran Milanović 45, 46 Zoran Pajić 169, 170 Zoran Savić 62, 63 Zoran Valdevit 72, 73, 173, 174 Zorica Terzić-Supić 120 Zsolt Németh 55, 56 Zvezdan Savić 129, 130 Zvonimir Tomac 66, 67 Željka Stamenković 120 Živorad Marković 116, 117, 171, 172
CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд
796/799(048)371.3::796(048)
МЕЂУНАРОДНА научна конференција Ефекти примене физичке активности на антрополошки статус деце, омладине и одраслих (2018 ; Београд) Zbornik sažetaka / Međunarodna naučna konferencija Efekti primenefizičke aktivnosti na antropološki status dece, omladine i odraslih, 12.decembar 2018, Beograd ; urednici Dejan Suzović ... [et al.]. - Beograd :Univerzitet, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja = University, Faculty ofSport and Physical Education, 2018 (Beograd : 3D+). - 177 str. ; 30 cm
Na spor. nasl. str.: Book of Abstracts. - Apstrakti na srp. i engl. jeziku.- Tiraž 30. - Registar.
ISBN 978-86-89773-38-5
a) Спорт - Апстракти b) Физичко васпитање - АпстрактиCOBISS.SR-ID 271300876
