by

Thomas Duxbury

Physics and Astronomy Department George Mason University

Fairfax, VA, USA

presented at the

Small Bodies Assessment Group 16th Meeting

University of Arizona Tucson, AZ

12 January 2017 17:00

INTERNATIONAL PHOBOS/DEIMOS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUP

12 Jan 2017 1

SOME NASA SMD PSD GOALS FOR PHOBOS AND DEIMOS

• SUPPORT THE JAXA MARTIAN MOON EXPLORATION PROJECT (MMX) (SEE PREVIOUS PRESENTATION)

– PROVIDE US INSTRUMENT FOR MMX • AO TO BE LET

– ENCOURAGE, SUPPORT AND PRODUCE HIGHER-LEVEL, DERIVED DATASETS TO SUPPORT MISSION DESIGN, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, SITE SELECTION, MISSION OPERATIONS AND FLIGHT DATA / SAMPLE CONTEXT

– ENCOURAGE NEW TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS ON EXISTING MISSIONS • FOCUS DATASETS FOR MMX BUT BE EQUALLY APPLICABLE/USEABLE FOR OTHER

MARTIAN MOON MISSIONS UNDER STUDY – NASA DISCOVERY / NEW HORIZONS – ESA PHOOTPRINT – ROCOSMOS BOOMERANG – OTHER

• INSURE THAT DERIVED DATASETS ARE COMPATABLE WITH NASA STUDY TOOLS, E.G., LMMP TREK GIS TOOL (JPL/ARC), BY DEFINING DATA STANDARDS

12 Jan 2017 2

CREATION OF PDLSWG

• SPLINTER MEETING AT 7TH MOSCOW SOLAR SYSTEM SYMPOSIUM (7M-S3) – ORGANIZED BY ESA MARS EXPRESS IDS FOR PHOBOS/DEIMOS AND PROJECT

SCIENTIST – NASA PSD, JAXA, ESA AND ROSCOSMOS AGENCY AND SCIENCE PERSONNEL

PARTICIPATED – IDENTIFIED EXISTING / CONTINUING DATASETS CRITICAL TO MMX AND

OTHER PHOBOS/DEIMOS MISSIONS – IDENTIFIED USEFUL NEW DATA POSSIBLE FROM EXISTING MISSIONS – IDENTIFIED DATA THAT FUTURE MISSIONS WOULD NEED TO COLLECT

THEMSELVES

• AGENCY / PERSONNEL CREATED THE INTERNATIONAL PHOBOS / DEIMOS SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION / SITE SELECTION WORKING GROUP – “PDLSWG” FOR SHORT

12 Jan 2017 3

EXAMPLES OF MAJOR ENGINEERING DATASET REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDING SITE SELECTION

• EARTH COMMUNICATIONS / SOLAR LIGHTING – MOON EPHEMERIDES – MOON ROTATION MODEL – MOON DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL (DTM)

• GLOBAL AND LOCAL SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY / SLOPES / BOULDERS

– MOON GLOBAL DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL – LOCAL SITE HIGH RESOLUTION DTM – BOULDER SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

• THESE DATASETS WOULD ALSO SUPPORT MISSION PLANNING AND FLIGHT

OPERATIONS AS WOULD THE PHOBOS MASS MEX MaRS – PHOBOS GRAVITY FIELD WOULD NEED TO BE DETERMINED BY THE FLIGHT

PROJECT

12 Jan 2017 4

MEX HRSC / SRC STEREO AND ASTROMETRIC IMAGES

MEX HRSC / SRC STEREO AND HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES

EXAMPLE OF MAJOR PHOBOS/DEIMOS SCIENCE DATASET REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDING SITE SELECTION

• GLOBAL SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION – MINEROLOGY / COMPOSITION – TEMPERATURE / THERMAL INERTIA – AGE / FRESH CRATERS / GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT – REGOLITH THICKNESS / PARTICLE SIZE / COMPACTNESS / ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT – NEAR MOON DUST ENVIRONMENT

• OTHER

12 Jan 2017 5

OMEGA/SPICAM/PFS/MAVEN/ THEMIS DAYTIME / NIGHTTIME IR AND UV GLOBAL SPECTRA AND HRSC COLOR IMAGES

TBD MEX ASPERA

MEX HRSC-DERIVED PHOBOS DTM

12 Jan 2017 6

DLR/TUB

DATASET STATUS • PHOBOS GLOBAL HRSC/SRC DTM EXISTS AND IS CONTINUALLY BEING IMPROVED • LOCAL HIGH-RES LANDING SITE DTMs DO NOT EXIST AND MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE PRE-

LAUNCH BECAUSE METER-SUBMETER HRSC/SRC RESOLUTION DOES / WILL NOT EXIST • PHOBOS / DEIMOS EPHEMERIS/ROTATION MODELS EXIST/CONTINUALLY BEING IMPROVED • OMEGA / SPICAM / PFS MULTISPECTRAL UV / IR REGISTERED & MAP PROJECTED DATASETS

HAVE YET TO BE PRODUCED • PHOBOS GLOBAL HRSC COLOR DIM HAS YET TO BE PRODUCED • MEX PROPOSES TO CONTINUE PHOBOS / DEIMOS EXPLORATION AS A HIGH PRIORITY • THEMIS IR / VIS DAYTIME AND NIGHTIME OBSERATIONS ARE BING PLANNED • MAVEN IUVS OBSERVATIONS “BONUS” SCIENCE – PROJECT WILL NOT REDUCE

12 Jan 2017 7

SEARCHABLE CATALOG STATUS

• A SEARCHIBLE VIKING/MEX DATA CATALOG OF GEOCODED PHOBOS / DEIMOS MAP COORDINATES, NAMED FEATURES, VIEWING & LIGHTING GEOMETRY, SPATIAL RESOLUTION, ORBITAL POSITION, MARS LIGHTING ANGLE, . . . DOES NOT EXIST

12 Jan 2017 8

GLOBAL HRSC AND OMEGA COLOR / MULTISPECTRAL REGISTERED AND

MAP-PROJECTE DATASETS DO NOT EXIST

12 Jan 2017 9

EXAMPLE REGISTERED/MAP-PROJECTED GLOBAL DATA PRODUCTS

• REGISTRERING VIKING AND HRSC/SRC IMAGES TO DTM WITH COMMON MAP PROJECTION STANDARD AND DERIVATION OF STEREO ANAGLYPH DATASETS DO NOT EXIST

12 Jan 2017 10

EXAMPLE REGISTERED / MAP-PROJECTED GLOBAL DATA PRODUCTS

12 Jan 2017 11

ANCILLARY DATASET STATUS

• VIKING AND HRSC / SRC THUMBNAIL SUMMARY IMAGES DO NOT EXIST

12 Jan 2017 12

EXAMPLE OF NEW, DERIVED DATASET

• MEX SRC POINT SPREAD FUNCTION FOR IMAGE RESTORATION EXISTS BUT NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

• NEW HIGHER LEVEL IMAGE PRODUCT COULD BE DERIVED DURING IMAGE RESTORATION (FAR RIGHT)

12 Jan 2017 13

DATASET STATUS • MOSAICKING OF INDIVIDUAL VIKING AND SRC PHOBOS IMAGES, TAKEN

DURING FLYBY SEQUENCES INTO ONE IMAGE, DOES NOT EXIST

12 Jan 2017 14

PDLSWG

– ENCOURAGE, SUPPORT AND PRODUCE HIGHER-LEVEL, DERIVED DATASETS TO SUPPORT MISSION DESIGN, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, SITE SELECTION, MISSION OPERATIONS AND FLIGHT DATA / SAMPLE CONTEXT

– ENCOURAGE NEW TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS FROM EXISTING MISSIONS

– INFORM SCIENCE COMMUNITY OF ACTIVITIES / STATUS

– CONVENE / SUPPORT PROJECT-FOCUSED MEETINGS

• INCLUDE AS PART OF JAXA MMX, ESA MEX, ETC. MEETINGS

12 Jan 2017 15