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Great Britain Soccer team playing in Germany.

Appeasement and Appeasement and it’s affect on the it’s affect on the

League of NationsLeague of Nations

AppeasementAppeasement

A policy aimed at avoiding war by A policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions (give in) to making concessions (give in) to another power. another power.

Reasons for Reasons for AppeasementAppeasement

The following are the top 5 reasons why The following are the top 5 reasons why Appeasement became policy.Appeasement became policy. Some people believe in Hitler's PoliciesSome people believe in Hitler's Policies Some believe that a strong Germany would Some believe that a strong Germany would

stop the stop the spread of communist Russiaspread of communist Russia Many people felt that the business in Many people felt that the business in

Europe was not their concern.Europe was not their concern. Many people wanted peaceMany people wanted peace Many thought the Treaty of Versailles was Many thought the Treaty of Versailles was

to harsh.to harsh.

8 results of Appeasement8 results of Appeasement 1.  Let Hitler grow stronger.1.  Let Hitler grow stronger.2.  Gave England time to rearm.2.  Gave England time to rearm.3.  Humiliated England and countries no longer trusted 3.  Humiliated England and countries no longer trusted

them.them.4.  Abandoned (gave) many people to the Nazis.4.  Abandoned (gave) many people to the Nazis.5.  Caused WWII by allowing Hitler to think he could do 5.  Caused WWII by allowing Hitler to think he could do  anything.anything.6.  Gave Britian the moral high ground when war came 6.  Gave Britian the moral high ground when war came     because they knew they did everything possible to because they knew they did everything possible to

keep keep         peace.peace.7. Would have never stopped Hitler because he 7. Would have never stopped Hitler because he

was determined to go to war.was determined to go to war.8.  Was the final attempt to save millions of people by 8.  Was the final attempt to save millions of people by      preventing war. preventing war.

ManchuriaManchuria

The Nationalist government of China led by The Nationalist government of China led by Chiang Kai-shek was weak, corrupt and busy Chiang Kai-shek was weak, corrupt and busy fighting the Communists. fighting the Communists.

Because of the Great Depression, Japan Because of the Great Depression, Japan wanted to build an empire to secure supplies wanted to build an empire to secure supplies of raw materials.of raw materials.

The Japanese government was controlled by The Japanese government was controlled by the army.the army.

China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese army army

ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea.ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea.

ManchuriaManchuria

Sept 1931: There was some vandalism Sept 1931: There was some vandalism on the Manchurian railway; Japan on the Manchurian railway; Japan claimed the Chinese had sabotaged the claimed the Chinese had sabotaged the railway.   railway.  

They invaded Manchuria and set up the They invaded Manchuria and set up the 'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) 'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) state of Manchukuo under the former state of Manchukuo under the former Emperor of China, Henry P'ui.   Emperor of China, Henry P'ui.  

China appealed to the League.China appealed to the League.

ManchuriaManchuria Dec 1931: the League appointed a Dec 1931: the League appointed a

commission led by Lord Lytton to commission led by Lord Lytton to investigate.   investigate.  

He did not go to Manchuria until April He did not go to Manchuria until April 1932 and did not report until October.1932 and did not report until October.

Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Japan was the aggressor and should leave.Japan was the aggressor and should leave.

24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that 24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that Japan should leave Manchuria Japan should leave Manchuria

Japan walked out of the meeting.Japan walked out of the meeting.

ManchuriaManchuria

Japan stayed in Manchuria.   Japan stayed in Manchuria.   The League The League could not agree could not agree

economic sanctions or an arms sales economic sanctions or an arms sales ban. ban.

In 1933 Japan resigned from the In 1933 Japan resigned from the League, and invaded/ conquered League, and invaded/ conquered Jehol (next to Manchuria).Jehol (next to Manchuria).

ManchuriaManchuria

A SPECTACULAR failure:A SPECTACULAR failure:

1. The Japanese continued to 1. The Japanese continued to expand: expand: they kept Manchuriathey kept Manchuria they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in

1937.1937.

ManchuriaManchuria A SPECTACULAR failure:A SPECTACULAR failure:

2.  The League was discredited/ Manchuria 2.  The League was discredited/ Manchuria showed:showed:

•     •     It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a yearyear

•     •     A country could get its own way if it ignored itA country could get its own way if it ignored it •     ‘ •     ‘Collective security' was useless against big Collective security' was useless against big countries - especially during the Great countries - especially during the Great

Depression.Depression. •     •     Even the great powers within the League Even the great powers within the League

(Japan (Japan

was on the Council) were happy to ignore it.was on the Council) were happy to ignore it.

AbyssiniaAbyssinia

The Dispute:The Dispute: Mussolini got ready to invade Abyssinia Mussolini got ready to invade Abyssinia

(Ethiopia). He wanted war and glory.     (Ethiopia). He wanted war and glory.            

Abyssinia asked the League to help.     Abyssinia asked the League to help.    

AbyssiniaAbyssinia

What the League did:What the League did: The League talked to Mussolini–but he The League talked to Mussolini–but he

used the time to send an army to used the time to send an army to Africa.    Africa.   

The League suggested a plan to give The League suggested a plan to give part of Abyssinia to Italy. part of Abyssinia to Italy.

AbyssiniaAbyssinia

The Outcome:The Outcome: Mussolini ignored the League, and invaded Mussolini ignored the League, and invaded

Abyssinia.     Abyssinia.     The League banned weapons sales, and put The League banned weapons sales, and put

sanctions on rubber and metal.     sanctions on rubber and metal.     The Abyssinian Emperor Haile Selassie went to The Abyssinian Emperor Haile Selassie went to

the League tothe League to appealappeal  for help, but it did nothing  for help, but it did nothing else–in fact Britain and France secretly agreed to else–in fact Britain and France secretly agreed to give Abyssinia to Italy (the Hoare-Laval Pact).     give Abyssinia to Italy (the Hoare-Laval Pact).    

Italy conquered AbyssiniaItaly conquered Abyssinia The League had failed.     The League had failed.    

The Road to World War IIThe Road to World War II

January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany – Withdrew from League of of Germany – Withdrew from League of

Nations.Nations.

German political competition thought making Hitler Chancellor would be a calming

compromise…they were wrong.

Hitler’s Foreign PolicyHitler’s Foreign Policy

Two Parts to Hitler’s PolicyTwo Parts to Hitler’s Policy ExpansionExpansion Arms RaceArms Race

Hitler’s Main GoalHitler’s Main Goal Hitler wanted to unite all land that had Hitler wanted to unite all land that had

German’s living there.German’s living there. This means going against the This means going against the

League of Nations.League of Nations.

1934 Hitler soon ordered a programme of 1934 Hitler soon ordered a programme of rearming Germany – ignoring Treaty of Versaillesrearming Germany – ignoring Treaty of Versailles

Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of the depression years.

March 1936: German troops marched into March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhinelandthe Rhineland

The Rhineland (a region of Germany bordering France and Belgium) was ‘demilitarised’ after WWI. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region but ignored this as a test of the League of Nations.

March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed AustriaAustria

Again, going against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which banned Germany from uniting with Austria. The arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

Shortly after the German annexation of Austria, Nazi Storm Troopers stand guard outside a Jewish-owned business. Graffiti painted on the window states: "You Jewish pig may your hands rot off!" Vienna, Austria, March 1938.

Not everyone welcomed the

Germans…

Before signing the Munich agreement. Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini,

· Sept. 1938 – At the Munich Conference, Hitler invited the leaders of Britain and France to Germany and assured them that he wanted no more territory. (Thus giving him Czech.)

March 1939: Germany invaded March 1939: Germany invaded CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Hitler had ordered the occupation Sudetenland (in October 1938). England/France hoped that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia.

Tears of joy for being part of German “again”.

Czechoslovakia SummaryCzechoslovakia Summary

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

Met with England and FranceMet with England and France Told them if we get this little piece of Told them if we get this little piece of

Czechoslovakia we will not go after more Czechoslovakia we will not go after more land (Sept. 1938)land (Sept. 1938)

England and France agreed.England and France agreed. Hitler ordered his troops to take the rest Hitler ordered his troops to take the rest

Czechoslovakia 5 months later. (March Czechoslovakia 5 months later. (March 1939)1939)

Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’.

As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon. It was a surprising partnership.

August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact

This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

The pact allowed The pact allowed Germany to march Germany to march into Poland without into Poland without fear of an attack from fear of an attack from Russia. Russia.

On 3rd September On 3rd September 1939, Germany 1939, Germany

invaded Poland andinvaded Poland and two days later Britain two days later Britain and France declared and France declared war.war.

September 1939: Germany invaded Poland

German troops burning village and marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

Poland and Poland and Nazi Soviet Nazi Soviet PactPact

Nazi Soviet Pact (non-aggression Nazi Soviet Pact (non-aggression pact)pact) Hitler and Stalin MetHitler and Stalin Met Hitler told Stalin He planned to invade Hitler told Stalin He planned to invade

PolandPoland Stalin was promised piece of Poland if Stalin was promised piece of Poland if

he left Germany alone.he left Germany alone.

May 1940: Germany turned west and May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlandsinvaded France and the Netherlands

In May 1940, Germany used In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands France and the Netherlands (fooled the defences by not (fooled the defences by not attacking through Belgium as attacking through Belgium as they did in WWIthey did in WWI

British troops were forced to British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France.Dunkirk in northern France.

Captured British troops, May 1940

By June 1940, France had surrendered to By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germansthe Germans

Britain now stood Britain now stood alone as the last alone as the last remaining enemy remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe.in Western Europe.

Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

September 1940-May 1941: the BlitzSeptember 1940-May 1941: the Blitz

For the following nine months, the For the following nine months, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as towns and cities. This was known as the BLITZ and was an attempt to the BLITZ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission.bomb Britain into submission.

Operation Barbarossa, June 1941, Attack Operation Barbarossa, June 1941, Attack on Russiaon Russia

But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made.he had made.

Hitler Goes against Nazi-Hitler Goes against Nazi-Soviet PactSoviet Pact

HitlerHitler Germany controls the west (France)Germany controls the west (France) Hitler turns to the east.Hitler turns to the east. Hitler ignores the Pact.Hitler ignores the Pact. Attacks Russia.Attacks Russia. Russia now is in the war.Russia now is in the war.