International Ocean Institute

January 2017 IOIHQ/ES 01/17

The INTERNATIONAL OCEAN INSTITUTE

IOInforma 0117

Contents 1st IOI Training Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean on Ocean Governance,

Ocean Sciences and Geoethics; 21 November - 9 December 2016; Parana – Brazil: REPORT

12th IOI Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic & Caspian Seas; 6th Nov – 9th December 2016, Malta: REPORT

IOI Training Programme on Ocean Governance for Africa; 4 - 29 September 2017 - Cape Town: ANNOUNCEMENT and call for applications

ONE PLANET - ONE OCEAN MOOC: ANNOUNCEMENT All the course episodes are now available as open source material online at www.oceanmooc.org

1st IOI Training Programme for Latin America & the Caribbean

Ocean Governance, Ocean Sciences and Geoethics 21 November - 9 December 2016; Parana – Brazil

IOI Brazil Training Centre with the support of the IOI Operational Centre in Costa Rica www.ioitclac.org

The first IOI Training Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean (IOI LAC TC) titled “Ocean Governance, Ocean Sciences and Geoethics” was successfully offered over three weeks in November and December 2016 in Brazil. The programme was delivered under the motto “You cannot govern the oceans without ethics and science” and although each of the three core issues of Ocean Governance, Ocean Sciences, and Geoethics, were designed as stand-alone modules and can be presented separately, the IOI LAC TC aimed to integrate and interlink these issues within a common learning process in order to show how governance is linked with GeoEthics and underpinned by the scientific knowledge of the oceans. The training programme was delivered by the course leaders and invited speakers, and teaching effort focused on the “learning by doing” didactic style. The participants were young practitioners and scientists, with enough

IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

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The IOI pays tribute to Professor Mário Ruivo (1927 – 2017) and HE Mário Soares (1924 – 2017)

We express our sorrow on learning of the deaths, this January, of HE Mário Soares, and Professor Mário Ruivo, after years of dedicated service and contribution to the causes of the ocean and its governance with equity and justice. The IOI has experienced at first hand their dedication to the health and environment of the oceans and to the complex relationship of man and the ocean. Following on the tragic loss, in early January, of IOI’s patron, Mário Soares, close intellectual partner of Professor Elisabeth Mann Borgese and who led the first World Commission on the Ocean; we are even more grieved by the knowledge of the recent loss of his close collaborator and life-long friend Mário Ruivo. We remain grateful for Professor Ruivo’s support to the IOI from the early days of its founding by Professor Mann Borgese, to whom he provided friendly advice and support; which support continued through the years during his tenure as Member of the IOI Governing Board from 2005 – 2012. He was considered a friend by many within the IOI network, IOI Governors, and IOI Executive Directors. We remain deeply cognizant of their efforts in bringing the oceans to the forefront of the scientific, political and human agenda, and their keen interactions with persons from all disciplines, many of whom are now devoted ocean ambassadors and advocates of its sustainability. We extend our condolences to the families of HE Mário Soares and Professor Mário Ruivo, and with fond memories, we commemorate and celebrate their life and achievements.

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basic background not to be overly challenged in the theoretical issues. Guidance offered by the course staff on theoretical issues was intended to encourage autodidactic behaviour among participants, and the course offered the tools to attain this knowledge. Forty participants attended the first programme, most of the audience was from Brazil as planned but other countries (Russia and Turkey) were also represented. The majority of the participants had a background in Ocean Sciences, however with a mix among them from those dedicated to sciences and others classified as practitioners.

Left: IOI Training Centre, (Brazil) Director Eduardo Marone Right: Field trip to Mel Island; Class of 2016

The Directors of the Training and the Support Centres (respectively Prof Eduardo Marone, and Prof Alejandro Gutierrrez) coordinated the Training Course, and leading local invited experts were in charge of the different modules. The course Directors were dedicated to the activities and logistics throughout the full course duration while external invited faculty remained for the required periods to contribute their special expertise. The “learning by doing” pedagogic process ensured the delivery of knowledge through extensive use of practical activities such as case studies, round table discussions, conflict resolution RPG (Role Playing Games), field visits, interviews with local stakeholders, OCZ RPG (out of comfort zone RPG), etc. The introduction of “Jam Sessions” were important, creating a dialogue with the participants which enriched the Course with new challenges. Two field trips were organised, one to Paranaguá Harbour, the most important grain port of the LAC region, and another to Mel Island, both guided by local experts and lecturers. The Training Course Syllabus core issues are detailed below and form the basic content of the programme while also leaving space for other ancillary topics; the blend of the course contents was not limited to the interaction of the core issues over time, but also highlighting the essential inter-dependencies between the support issues already mentioned in order to complete the concepts or assist with the “learning by doing” process.

Issue 1 - Ocean Sciences: Scientific Knowledge and the Sciences of the Oceans; The Dynamic of the Ocean, Atmosphere and Earth Systems; Natural and Anthropogenic Threats to the Oceans; Climate Change and Marine Extreme Events; Observing the Oceans, Operational Oceanography, Monitoring the Oceans; Models and Marine data collection and analysis, In situ Observing systems, Remote Sensing; Living and Non Living Marine Resources scientific issues; International Ocean Sciences Programmes and Networks; Ocean science tools: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Marine Spatial Planning, Monitoring Pollution, Coastal Zone Management. Issue 2 - Ocean Governance: Introduction and history of Ocean Governance; The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Ocean Policy Frameworks; International, Regional & National Regulatory frameworks; Governance issues on Living and Non-Living Marine Resources; Good Governance principles: Polluter Pays, Precautionary principle, Sustainable Development, Integrated Management, etc.; Negotiation and Diplomacy. Communication and negotiation skills. Conflict resolution and consensus building; Legal and technical aspects of Maritime Boundary Delimitation. The Blue Economy. Maritime Trade, Transport, Ports and Harbours; Marine Security Issues. Emergency Management; Role of the international Organisations and Programmes; Use of technical tools in governance, GIS & Information Management, Modelling, Remote sensing, Marine Spatial Planning. Issue 3 - Geoethics: Ethics and Environment; Sustainable Development as an Ethical concept; Ocean Governance, Science & Ethics; The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind; Geoethics. Confronting Ocean Governance ethical dilemmas; Responsible Conduct of Research; Recognizing ethical dilemmas in the first instance. Developing the strategies and skills needed to responsibly participate in the profession, and gain experience in ethical decision-making.

The next training programme in this series is expected for 2017 and further information may be obtained from the course website and the contact details thereon. Other Links: https://www.ioitclac.org/ and https://ioitclac.org/archives/

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org

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12th IOI Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic & Caspian Seas

Organised by IOI Training Centre in Malta with the support of the University of Malta

6th Nov – 9th December 2016, Malta

Class of 2016, faculty members, class mentors and organisers from IOI.

The 12th edition of the IOI Malta Training Course came to a fruitful completion on the 8th of December 2016, five weeks after the welcome and opening ceremony on the 6th November. The course was launched by Course Director Dr Awni Behnam and Course Manager Prof Alan Deidun and the first day was an opportunity for the 18 course participants to meet with a number of Course faculty members and also the students of the Masters in Ocean Governance offered jointly by the University of Malta and IOI. Over the previous 11 years, the IOI Course has trained nearly 200 mid-career participants hailing from a total of 35 countries bordering 4 different regional seas (Mediterranean, Black, Black and Caspian Seas) as well as from a number of observer countries, including China. A total of 18 alumni attended the Course in 2016, hailing from Algeria, Egypt, PR China, Croatia, IR Iran, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Tunisia, and Turkey. Once again, the participants’ academic and professional background was highly diverse, ranging from coastal management to geophysics, hydrology, fisheries and aquaculture and to petroleum engineering and mathematical modelling. As well as a full programme of topical lectures over the course of the five weeks, ad hoc seminars were organised within the ambit of the same Training Course, involving the participation of high-profile, renowned experts for the chosen thematics. The Seminar on Microplastics showcased the threats posed to the marine environment by marine litter; presentations were given by Prof. Francois Galgani, advisor to DG Mare at the European Commission on microplastics and by Ms. Kristina Edwards, PhD student at the University of Malta on the thematic of microplastics and recipient of the Elisabeth Mann Borgese bursary, 2015-16. On Friday 2nd December, the Special Seminar on Ocean Literacy: linking education and life-long learning to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 14 to Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas and Marine Resources was held, as has been the praxis for the past years, at Dar l-Ewropa in Valletta, under the auspices of the European Commission representation in Malta. The seminar was also supported through an opening video message by Karmenu Vella, EU Commissioner for the Environment, Fisheries and Maritime Affairs. Speakers were Dr Francesca Santoro (IOC/UNESCO); Ms Fiona Crouch, Board member of EMSEA (European Marine Science Educators Association) and Coordinator of the SeaChange project on ocean literacy; Dr Azmath Jaleel from Cardiff University, Wales; and Dr Behzad Alipour Tehranyi, former Minister Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of Iran to the United Nations and other International Organisations in Geneva. The seminar drew to a close with the presentation of a statement by the Class given by class representative Natalia Cerkasova (see last

page of this IOInforma).

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org

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Left: Special Seminar on Ocean Literacy: linking education and life-long learning to achieve Sustainable Development Goal

14. L-R: A Deidun (IOI/UoM), E Grech (Head, EC Representation), A Behnam (IOI), A Vassallo (IOI) Right: Class field trip to Grand Harbour and South Coast of Malta

Two field visits were once again offered within the Course Programme, and these were held on the Tuesday 15 November (Grand Harbour and South Coast of Malta) and on Friday 18 November (Dwejra and the marine protected area in Gozo). The 12th edition of the training course was, as usual, directed by Dr Awni Behnam, Honorary President of the IOI; organised by Course Manager Prof Alan Deidun (Director, IOI Malta Operational Centre and lecturer at the Department of Geosciences, University of Malta) and excellently supported by the Course Administration team: Ms Celine Farrugia and Ms Tania Aquilina. Thanks and appreciation are due to them and also to the course supporters and sponsors, among which the Ocean Science and Research Foundation (OSRF); the Lighthouse Foundation; the German Academic Exchange through the support of the Embassy of Germany in Malta; the European Commission Representation in Malta; the University of Malta, in Malta and others. Other links: https://www.ioinst.org/ https://www.ioinst.org/training/ioi-training-programmes/m-a-in-ocean-governance/ioi-malta/ http://www.um.edu.mt/icp/ocean-governance https://www.um.edu.mt/newspoint/news/features/2016/11/the12thioiregionaloceangovernancecoursekicksoff

University of Malta Accreditation for the

IOI Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic & Caspian Seas (Malta) from 2017. A major development for this programme in Malta is the accession to University of Malta accreditation so that from the training programme 2017, participants successfully completing all assignments of the three Study-Units, (each equivalent to 5ECTS) of the IOI Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic & Caspian Seas; (Malta) will be formally accredited by the University of Malta and eligible to receive a transcript of the credits, recognised by academic institutions following the Bologna process of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The 2017 course content incorporates and builds on the 4 Course Modules offered in the previous programmes and covers contemporary approaches to coastal and ocean management, with an emphasis on moral, ethical and legal values in Ocean Governance (equity and peaceful uses of the ocean) under the governance architecture of UNCLOS and related international instruments and agreements. This training programme will continue to build upon the more than 35 years’ experience of the IOI in conducting training and capacity building programmes on ocean governance.

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org

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ANNOUNCEMENT and CALL FOR APPLICATIONS Ocean Governance for Africa 4 - 29 September 2017 - Cape Town

Deadline for applications: 13 April 2017 http://ioisa.org/course-in-ocean-governance/

The IOI Training Centre in South Africa (IOI SA) will be running the annual course in Ocean Governance for Africa in collaboration with the South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI), the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and other partners, this September 2017. The course will be based in Cape Town (hosted at SANBI, Kirstenbosch). The four-week course focuses on an array of pressing ocean governance issues. The interdisciplinary approach is designed to include lectures and field trips that demonstrate practical examples of governance tools, mechanisms and engagements with real-world applications in Africa. Further information about the course can be found in the brochure and on the IOI-SA website. The course is designed to contribute to building a sustainable core of experts on ocean governance for the continent and is intended for professionals, managers, educators, researchers and civil society members that have coastal and marine related responsibilities, functions or interests, preferably from or with an interest in countries within the African region. A limited number of bursaries will be available to cover cost of participation.

The deadline for applications is 13 April 2017.

Applications can be found on the website: http://ioisa.org/course-in-ocean-governance/. Please submit questions or applications to shampton@ioisa.org.

ANNOUNCEMENT ONE PLANET - ONE OCEAN Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) All the course episodes are now available as open source material online at

www.oceanmooc.org

The Ocean is the largest interconnected ecosystem on earth. It provides services on which we rely; food, energy, transportation, environmental resilience, but also immaterial benefits such as beauty, cultural identity and recreation. The pivotal role of the ocean in stabilizing climate, enabling a just distribution of economic prosperity and allowing for sustainable management and good governance of human activities is recognized in

Goal 14 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that focuses on the Ocean. For the Massive Open Online Course, marine scientists team with economists, lawyers and philosophers to bring you a holistic view of how the ocean functions, how human interactions with the ocean can be understood, and what solutions are available to support both sustainable use and stewardship of our blue planet.

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org

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Message by the Class of 2016 on Ocean Literacy IOI Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the

Mediterranean, Black, Baltic & Caspian Seas; Malta Natalja Čerkasova (Lithuania); 2 December 2016

On behalf of the Class of 2016 of the Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance for the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic and Caspian Seas I would like to thank the organizers for hosting this course that we all enjoyed very much and learned many things, and also thank all the presenters for their interesting talks about issues of ocean literacy. During our stay in Malta I had a chance to visit Valetta, and of course I visited a souvenir shop to buy some souvenirs to take home. There I tried out some negotiation skills that I had learned during our group exercises. I asked for a student discount and, unfortunately, have been denied. But the salesgirl asked what do I study. I answered that I’m attending an ocean governance course. Then she asked: what is ocean governance? This question baffled me in two ways: I was surprised that this person did not know what ocean governance is, but even more I was surprised that I couldn’t explain the term to her in a short and simple manner, despite the fact that I have attended the course already for three weeks. As Albert Einstein said "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough." This is true, because to understand such a complicated subject, incorporating science, technology, international and regional law, where all the population of the world are stakeholders, one needs a complex education that should start from the early days in childhood, which unfortunately for us, most lack. Ocean literacy is defined as an understanding of the ocean’s influence on you and your influence on the ocean. The Ocean defines and dominates everything about our planet. It covers most of our planet, it is home to most of the life on Earth, regulates our weather and climate, provides most of our oxygen, and feeds much of the human population. Ocean literacy can explain us why it matters that in the past century we exploited our oceans in catastrophic proportions: we eaten more than 90% of the big fish in the oceans; Ocean literacy shows us why you should care that nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared; why oxygen depletion in the ocean waters should concern not only the creatures that are dying because of that, but should concern all of us. How we will explain to our curious children why we were not able to save sharks and other endangered species and the living ocean while there still was time? Now is that time, time to act: explore and protect the worlds ocean in ways that will restore the health of living ocean and by doing so we will secure the hope for future generations. To cope with current challenges, we need new ways to generate power, we need new and better ways to cope with poverty, with wars and disease, we need many things to keep and maintain the world as a better place, but nothing else will matter if we fail to protect the ocean. Our fate and the ocean are one. But hope is provided by such courses as the IOI course on ocean governance, where young people from countries from Mediterranean, Black, Caspian and Baltic sea region were involved. Ocean literacy is an essential component of policy making and that all stakeholders have to be involved. Literacy has to bring the scientists and policy makers together. At this course, we were scientists. But we learned the tools and dialogs with stakeholders. Literacy has to be universal and pursued on all levels: institutions and personal. Here are some messages of students of the IOI Ocean Governance Course 2016: (Note: Messages from the individual class members are in the full text of the message available separately on request).

“The ocean is the defining feature of our planet. Therefore, saving the ocean means saving the planet. Since we have only one planet, we need start somewhere somehow.” Murat Çelik, Begum Uzun (Turkey). “Ocean literacy is understanding the science of the ocean and communication about the oceans. To provide a unique knowledge that proves how the ocean works and how human activities affect the oceans we need to expand ocean literacy.” Maryam Ghaemi (Iran).

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org

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“Ocean literacy is the understanding of the role of the oceans within a mosaic of individuals, communities, nations and all humanity added to that to apprehend the effect of this complex mosaic on the ocean. A single individual can do as much as a nations policy if he knows enough. Ocean literacy starts from as early as a child can learn and it must be part of the natural educational process. Ocean literacy must also reach the decision makers, policy designers, economists and private business men.” Ahmed Mandour (Egypt). “I think ocean governance is an important issue of all countries. It is not an environmental issue, it is a national security issue for all countries, so leaders and decision makers should reconsider ocean and marine environment, and work together on a plan to preserve the ocean from the surrounding danger.” Amr Talat Salama (Egypt). “IOI course was a great experience and an opportunity to share knowledge with colleagues from different countries. Knowing that their countries are also facing the problems makes you feel that your country is not the only one that is trying to find the solution how to govern the ocean and preserve it for our future generations. Ocean literacy is one of the issue that public is not aware enough and we need to change that, raise awareness in order to achieve the object which is the preservation of the oceans.” Iva Prgomet (Croatia) “I would like to thank IOI for conducting this course. I think, that the most important thing about the Ocean Governance Course is gathering young scientists, marine lawyers and other people connected to the ocean governance and research in one place. It was a great opportunity to meet people from different countries around the world working on ocean related problems. I am sure that acquaintances which were created here will last for a long time and in many cases may produce cooperation in the future. As a marine physicist, working mostly on technical/ research issues, I am also now equipped in a better knowledge regarding administration, marine law and policy making.” Jan Majcher (Poland) “Ocean provides a wealth of resources for human production and live. Ocean is the link of human activity and communication. We believe that life on earth began in the ocean, so, from the ocean, of the ocean, for the ocean, should be the criterion for human to deal with the relationship to ocean”. Cao Fei, Tanjie Hong (China): “Oceans are the lifeblood of planet Earth and humankind. They flow over nearly three-quarters of our planet, and hold 97% of the planet's water. Nowadays people have created problems such as overharvest of resources, reduction in biodiversity, and degradation of marine habitats and species, among others. We must become better stewards of our oceans and join the fight to defend them.” Jie LI (China)

“…..the health of ocean and their ability to provide such a wealth of products and services is being degraded by excessive and unsustainable anthropogenic activities. To restore and protect our shared ocean, not only should the conservation programs and initiatives being carried out, but also the mechanism to assemble relevant information and align priorities across the board should be established. Actions can be taken to develop and transfer decision support tools to identify ocean protection and restoration priorities, to reduce coastal wetland loss and improve understanding of its status, incorporate carbon sequestration into coastal habitat conservation, identify nationally significant marine areas in need of protection, strengthen inter-agency collaboration and improve public ocean-awareness”. Cai Biling (China): “Marine literacy is one of the most important problems in the world which all the world's countries have to contend with. This can be beneficial and appreciated because it leads people to reflect on the oceans and to familiarize themselves with the problems of the sea and in terms of managing their relations with the ocean. Other solutions may be useful in this way such as raising children's awareness through outreach activities for beach preservation and conservation of marine environments such a project can target kindergarten children with the aim of building new generations with a strong Relationship with the sea and the marine environment in general”. Fatiha Ayed (Tunisia) “The International Ocean Institute's training for ocean governance allowed me to explore the ocean, a world beyond the boundaries of the continents, considered as a key part of our planet, which affects us and controls our life and economy enormously. This has motivated me to dig into the governance and management of this space that remains unexplored with many gaps that need to be filled.” Sofiane Atrous (Algeria)

All photos in this IOInforma are courtesy of the course organisers and participants.

The IOInforma is the news and information bulletin of the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Any feedback or request for information should be sent to the International Ocean Institute HQ Malta, PO Box 3, Msida MSD2080, Malta or Email: ioihq@ioihq.org.mt

www.ioinst.org