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Provides the most comprehensivereports & tools available onmanganese supply, demand andtrade flows.

stats@manganese.org hse@manganese.org events@manganese.org

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Develops and promotes universalbest practices for a sustainablemanganese industry.

Events & Conferences

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International Manganese Institute17 rue Duphot

75001 Paris, France

Tel: +33 (0)1 45 63 06 34

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imni@manganese.org

www.manganese.org

IMnI provides vision and guidance to the manganese industry by promoting economic, social and environmental responsibility and sustainability for all stakeholders.

International Manganese Institute

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Mn25

ANNUAL REVIEW 2016

Mn25

International Manganese Institute ANNUAL REVIEW 2016

Message from the Chairman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Message from the Executive Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

IMnI in 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

The Mn Industry in 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Mn Ore & Alloy Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

HSE Milestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

HES and Regulatory Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Electrolytic Products Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

China Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

2016 Annual Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

2017 Annual Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

IMnI Committees 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

IMnI Officers 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

IMnI Members 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Table of Contents

manganesee s s e n t i a l

2016 has been an exciting year for the manganeseindustry, with increased volatility in prices, anddisruptions in supply and demand dynamics. Likefor many other metals, it has also been a periodof significant recovery in the overall prospects ofthe industry.

In the past few years, and through most of 2016,the added Mn ore and alloy capacity decidedduring the “boom years” had reached the market,resulting in considerable overcapacity and lowprices. As a consequence, manganese had beenone of the worst performing commodities in 2015and first months of 2016 with prices back to rock-bottom levels not seen since the 90s.

During 2016, however, a number of factors havealigned to turn around the fortunes of our industry.Supply overcapacity has been cut back throughthe closure or idling of non-performing assets, andinventory levels have been brought down.

Steel demand in China is still slowing, but thegovernment's efforts to reduce domestic steelcapacity combined with new trade barriers inIndia, the USA, Europe and other countries, haveimproved the profitability of the steel industry in2016. Together with prospects of renewed infra-

structure plans both in China and in the USA, theoutlook for the steel industry is now much moreoptimistic than a year ago.

These factors have combined since the month ofMarch and in the second half of 2016 with specificlogistical constraints (in South African ports, forexample) and with the need to rebuild inventoriesall through the value chain to provide a vigorousthrust to prices of both Mn ore and alloys, allowinga rosier outlook of our industry at the end of theyear. By the beginning of 2017 we are now witness-ing the best prices in the last five years.

This is also a period when the IMnI needs tocount on the support of its members, who willmake sure that short term priorities do not hinderlong term objectives. Our industry - thanks tothe Institute - has achieved great results in termsof producing scientific and social data onmanganese. Further actions, towards regulatorsfor instance, will be required and no single man-ganese producer can be successful without theInstitute’s support.

Pedro LarreaChairman of the IMnI

This is my last message in an Annual Review. Atthe end of June, after our 43rd Annual Conferencein Miami, I will be saying goodbye to the IMnI. My17 years here have been a remarkable experiencefor me. Remarkable because of the Mn industry,which I’ve come to understand and care about,for all the places where it operates and that I’vehad the great good fortune to discover, but mostlyfor all the remarkable people who run it, some ofwhom have become friends.

Over the past 17 years, the industry has seensome dramatic ups and downs. The long, excep-tional boom that China led in the early part of thecentury came to a sudden stop with the globaleconomic crash of 2008, giving manganese playerssevere whiplash. They crawled out of that butagain suffered serious setbacks with China’s steelslowdown in 2014-2015 when prices again bot-tomed out. Prices only began to turn aroundagain in the 2nd half of 2016.

Manganese is indeed a cyclical industry! It is alsoa tough one, where winners are quick to gobbleup or crush the less competitive. IMnI has notonly born witness to the bad times but also beenits victim, with our membership numbers testifyingto this. If our members topped 98 in 2011 (fromthe original 32 in 2001), today they have slippedto the low 60s.

Regardless, IMnI’s “value proposition” for itsmembers is stronger than ever. Our market

research and statistics are the best available,given that the numbers come directly from ourmember companies. The Institute’s Health, Safetyand Environment Division has produced a seriesof first rate studies, pulling the Mn industry from“data poor” to “data rich”. And these studies haveprovided the arms for our regulatory affairs teamto better defend you vis-à-vis regulators andgovernment officials.

Our Annual Conference, thanks to its fine line-upof speakers, good timing, attractive locations andlarge turnouts, has become the undisputed industryget-together – the place to meet, be seen, learnand network. Several other ad hoc and nicheattractions round out our events calendar. All ofthis is made possible by the dedicated team ofprofessionals I have had the pleasure of bringingtogether consecutively over the years and workingwith.

Finally, I would like to thank the 8 exceptionalChairman I have served: Jose Antonio Rivero(Autlan), Marius Kloppers (BHP Billiton), VincentTrelut (Eramet), John Raubenheimer (SamancorMn), Alastair Stalker (Ore & Metal), Peter Toth(OM Holdings), Arnaud Tissidre (Eramet) andPedro Larrea (Ferroglobe). Each in his own waytransformed IMnI for the better, making it whatit is today.

Anne TremblayExecutive Director of the IMnI

Message from the Chairman :

“…we are now witnessingthe best Mn prices in the lastfive years.”

32

Message from the Executive Director:

“ IMnI’s ‘value proposition’ for its members is strongerthan ever.”

JANUARY - MARCH

• Former IMnI Chairman Alastair Stalker retires. Alastair represented South African producer Ore& Metal on the IMnI Board from 2002 to 2014 and served as Chairman from 2007 to 2010.Under Alastair’s Chairmanship, the REACH Mn Consortium was created. In addition, the 1st HSE5-Year Plan was instigated.

• IMnI hosts its 13th EPD (Electrolytic Products Division) Conference in Nanning, China, with thehelp of CITIC Dameng’s CEO Li Weijian, IMnI Board member and Chairman of the EPD Division.The theme: The Future of China’s EMM and EMD Industries. The event gathers over 120 delegate,maintaining it as the premier global Mn Metal and Mn Dioxide Conference.

• IMnI is again well represented at the Metal Bulletin’s 17th Asian Ferro-alloys Conference, held inSingapore. The Mn session, moderated by Executive Director Anne Tremblay, features ErwinSchaufler, General Manager Marketing for South32, Dmitry Nadtochiy, General Manager for AsiaMinerals and IMnI Market Research Manager Aloys d’Harambure.

• IMnI’s Annual China Banquet attracts over 50 representatives from Chinese Mn companies cometo meet Western producers in Singapore. This yearly event aims to improve ties betweenmembers and allows IMnI to send a special message to the Chinese. This edition is hostedjointly by Autlan, Eramet Comilog, Glencore, OM Holdings, Ore & Metal, South32, UnitedManganese of Kalahari (UMK) and Vale.

• Kudumane Manganese Resources (Pty) Ltd and Brazil Manganes Corporation join as OrdinaryMembers.

APRIL - JUNE

• Jian Zhou replaces Sophie Liu as IMnI China Representative.

• IMnI’s 42nd Annual Conference takes place in Madrid. Structured around the theme TheManganese Industry: Where to Now, main speakers include: Robert Ward, Editorial Director forThe Economist Intelligence Unit; Rafael Doménech, Chief Economist for Developed Economiesfor BBVA Research and Professor of Economics at the University of Valencia; Michel Van Hoey,Principal for McKinsey & Company; Denis Alvarenga, Head of Strategy at Arcelor Mittal; andRafael Miranda, Chairman of Acerinox. Ferroglobe generously sponsors the Group Outing andBanquet Dinner in Toledo– one of the most memorable to date.

• Aloys d’Harambure speaks at CRU Ryan's Notes Ferroalloys 2016 in Dusseldorf.

JULY - SEPTEMBER

• Two new members from China: Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group, the largest producer ofsilicomanganese in Ningxia Province, and Inner Mongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa Ferroalloy Ltd.,a producer of HCFeMn, SiMn and LCSiMn.

• IMnI shows strong presence at MANGANESE2016 Conference, the most impressive conferenceon manganese research in almost 20 years, which is held in Sept. in New York City. (See featurein centrefold).

OCTOBER - DECEMBER

• IMnI is in high profile at Metal Bulletin’s International Ferro-Alloys Conference in Prague. The Mnpanel discussion features IMnI members Pedro Larrea (CEO of Ferroglobe), Simon Collins (Headof Corporate Development at South32), Guillaume Verschaeve (Managing Director of Eramet’sManganese Ore and Alloys business unit), Johan Kriek (Consultant at Tshipi) and MarketResearch Manager Aloys d’Harambure, who also presents an industry overview. Take homemessages from the discussion:

- South Africa’s smelting industry remains robust;

- China could possibly be gearing up to drop export duties on Mn alloys;

- A combination of several factors explains the recent price rise;

- Volatility is expected in the Mn market for at least several months.

Prior to the panel, Chairman Pedro Larrea highlights to the audience the benefits ofmembership in the Institute.

• The China Committee holds its inaugural meeting in Beijing. At the meeting, the Committeeputs into place three sub-divisions to accomplish its objectives and missions: the statistics,technical issues and regulatory affairs sub-divisions.

• IMnI Executive Director Anne Tremblay is in China to visit new members, kick-off the inauguralmeeting of the China Committee and prepare the next EPD Division Conference.

• Former Chairman Arnaud Tissidre, Eramet’s Vice-President Marketing Mn Division, retires.Arnaud represented Eramet on IMnI’s Board from 2004 to 2016. Under his 3-year watch (2014 –2016), IMnI made significant inroads in improving and boosting membership in China.

IMnI in 2016 :

54

JANUARY - MARCH

• Burkina Faso government lifts Tambao manganese export ban.

• Eskom, South Africa energy regulator ups power tariff 9.4%.

• Mexico launches an anti-dumping probe into HC FeMn imports from South Korea.

• US refuses to impose AD duties on SiMn imports from Australia.

• Russian separatists take over the Stakhanov ferroalloy plant in Ukraine's Lugansk region.

• Azeri, Turkish firm to build ferro-alloy plant in Sumgayit, Azerbaijan; expected start in 2017.

• EU terminates AD probe into SiMn imports from India; no duty imposed.

• Consolidated Minerals shuts down Woodie Woodie manganese mine in Australia.

• Autlán suspends operations indefinitely at silico-manganese plant in Mexico.

• Australian Mn ore producer Shaw River Manganese enters administration.

• OFZ cuts SiMn output by 50% in Slovakia.

APRIL - JUNE

• Sakura ferro-alloys plant is commissioned in Malaysia.

• South Africa's Transnet moves record 1.05mn t Mn ore in May.

• Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) imposes 26.35% duty on SiMn from Ukraine.

• Unexpected discovery leads to a better zinc-manganese oxide rechargeable battery.

• Pipeline orders to lift European manganese metal demand.

• South32 completes manganese restructuring in Australia and South Africa.

• India’s MOIL gets mining lease for Parsoda Mn mine.

• India’s RBSSN to raise capacity at Sadanandapuram manganese ore mine.

• South32’s Australian mining arm Groote Eylandt Mining (GEMCO) signs deal to expand Mn mine.

• Brazil's Mn alloy producer Granha Ligas reopens plant on fiscal incentives.

• Brazil Manganese Corp. advances manganese ore project in Brazil.

• Eramet boosts Gabon Mn ore production.

JULY - SEPTEMBER

• Mexico’s Autlan resumes operations at its Gomez Palacio plant.

• Gulf Manganese (Indonesia) buys 2 FeMn smelting furnaces from Transalloys (South Africa).

• Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) delays anti-dumping duty on Ukrainian SiMn.

• India's MOIL plans to raise manganese ore output.

• Government subsidizes ferroalloy output in India.

• Sandur Manganese gets nod to increase Mn ore production in India.

• Low Mn ore grade prices jump in China as producers return to market.

• More manganese ore shipment delays as transport problems mount in South Africa.

• India’s MOIL gets mining lease for Bharveli Mn mine.

• Environmental inspection affects Mn alloy supply and prices in China.

• India’s Dharni Sampda to up Ivory Coast Mn output.

OCTOBER - DECEMBER

• Afrimat buys Diro Iron Ore and Diro Manganese in South Africa.

• Giyani buys Mn prospects in Botswana.

• Brazil Manganese Corporation (BMC) achieves record-high output.

• Gulf Mining Group (GMG) plans first Mn alloy production in 2017 in Oman.

• GMC gets approval for Mn smelting hub in Indonesia.

• Pertama Ferroalloys ramps up output in Malaysia.

• Traders speculate on ‘manganese ore arbitrage’ at Chinese ports.

• India's Sandur Manganese raises manganese ore output.

• Steel Dynamics expects 2017 market to improve.

• Eramet signs deal to sell its EMD producer, Erachem to Prince International Corp.

• SAIL starts up India’s largest SiMn furnace.

• Mexico sets definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of South Korean HC FeMn.

Manganese in 2016

76

IMnI provides the most comprehensive manganeseindustry market research available.

Circulated on a monthly basis, IMnI’s reports examineboth production and consumption, and the balancebetween the two, looking at the industry from bothsides of the supply demand equation. The primaryobjective of these reports is to offer an analysis of theimmediate past, which can provide the basis for Membersto develop a greater understanding of their business.Our Market Research Manager, Aloys d’Harambureexamines manganese ore and alloy consumption as theyrelate to the steel industry with the application of anindustry model. This approach provides increasedaccuracy and a systematic way to better understand andanticipate changes in the industry. A detailed analysisof IMnI data is also published on a monthly basis.

IMnI issues monthly trade matrices for Mn Ore, Mn Alloys,EMM and EMD, a steel production report, and alsopublishes reports on New Manganese Projects around theWorld and Import and Export Duties for Mn Products. AllIMnI data is available via our online database and website.

MARKET RESEARCH at IMnI

STEEL – China still produces more than half of theworld’s output, but its production peaked in 2014.Global crude steel production remained stable in2016, at around 1.7 billion mt, after reaching a recordhigh in 2014 at 1.76 billion mt. China producedaround 893 million mt in 2016 according to CRU,down by only 0.3% from 2015, in spite of the ambi-tious plan of China’s government to cut steel capac-ity by 100 to 150 million mtpy by 2020. Meanwhile,China’s steel demand contracted by 1% accordingto Worldsteel, so excess production was exported.In the first 3 quarters of 2016, China’s steel exportsincreased by 0.7% to almost 93 million mt, Chinesecustoms reported. These growing exports impactedsteelmakers in the rest of the world, also facing slow-ing demand in their domestic markets, especiallyin North America, South America and the CIS. Butsteel output increased in Turkey, Ukraine and India.

MN ALLOYS - Global SiMn production increased,while ferro-manganese output dropped in 2016.The world’s output of Mn alloys totaled 17.1 millionmt, up 13% from 2015 but still lower than therecord 18.7 million mt produced in 2014. China’sproduction was 9.5 million mt, up by 28% from2015 but again lower than the record 10.3 millionmt of 2014. Chinese smelters produced 55% ofglobal output in 2016. The shift from ferro-manganese to SiMn production is particularly visi-

ble in China, where HC FeMn and Ref FeMn outputdropped by 24% in 2016, while SiMn productionincreased by 38% from 2015. On the demand side,the development of real estate and infrastructure,encouraged by the central government, supportedthe consumption of steel and in turn SiMn. In therest of the world, Mn alloys production increasedin all regions except Oceania due to electricitysupply disruptions in Australia, and in Africa dueto a power price increase in South Africa.

MN ORE – Miners reduced output further in 2016.Global manganese ore output dropped by 11% in2016. Ore production fell in all regions except theMiddle East and the CIS. In Africa it was down by8% in 2016, and miners cut production by 30% inAustralia compared to the previous year. Globalhigh-grade ore (>44%Mn) production fell by 19%compared to the previous year, as all major high-grade ore-producing countries cut output in 2016,including Brazil (-10%), Gabon (-22%), South Africa(-36%), India (-20%) and Australia (-26%).Meanwhile, global mid and low-grade ore outputdropped by 7% yoy. These production cuts,combined with low stocks along the supply chainand export delays in South Africa, increasedmanganese ore prices in the second half of 2016.This led to an increase in production in the lastmonths of the year.

Mn Ore and Mn AlloyMarket OverviewIn 2016, Mn alloy productionrecovered while Mn oreproduction continued to fall

98

GUILLERMO RECIO, AUTLÁN MARKETING MANAGER, became the newStatistics Committee Chairman at the Annual Conference in Madrid, replacing Jian Zhou.Mr Recio is currently in charge of the Marketing Department at Autlán. He joined thecompany in 2011 after earning a Master’s Degree in Social Science and a Bachelor’sDegree in International Studies at the University of Monterrey. He is also Vice-Chairmanof the Statistics Committee at the Mexican Iron and Steel Industry Chamber.

Monthly reports for :

For individual queries concerning submission and use of IMnI statistical services, contact Market Analyst MMMMMM at stats@manganese.org

• STEEL PRODUCTIONtracks output country-by-country

• Mn TRADE FLOWStracks the global exchange between top importers and exporters

• Mn PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTIONtracks supply and demand

Strategically analyze the marketsthat concern you most with ourcustomizable database.

IMnI offers the most comprehensive manganese statistics available.

Mn Market Research

Figure 3. Mn Ore Production (million mt) Down 11% from 2015: overcapacityreduced as large production cuts were implemented in 2016, especially in South Africa & Australia.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2016(e)2015

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Low-Grade Ore Production(wet tons): (‹ 30% Mn)

Mid-Grade Ore Production(wet tons):(› 30% Mn and ‹44% Mn)

High-Grade Ore Production(wet tons): (› 44% Mn)

Rest of WorldChina

Figure 1. Steel Production (million mt) Stable from 2015: China produced 893 millionmt in 2016 (representing 52% of the world’s steel output) down by only 0.3% from 2015.

source : World Steel Association, CRU, IMnI

18,4

20,2

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Figure 2. Mn Alloy Production (million mt) Up 13% from 2015 on recovering SiMnproduction, especially in China. Global ferro-manganese output reduced further in 2016.

Market Stats 2016

2014 2015 2016(e)20122011

20122011 2013 2014 2015 2016(e)

2013

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2,0Si Mn Ref FeMnHC FeMn

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Committee – a committee mandated to developa world class program by selecting only the bestinternational experts to present their work. TheIMnI gave three platform papers and exhibited twoposters based on some of the results of the HSE5-Year Plan (2011-2015).

IMnI members present included Eramet, Glencore,Afton and S.H Bell. Also present was the ManganeseInterest Group (the US advocacy association).

It was clear during the networking sessions that theIMnI had played a significant role in making theconference a success. On several occasions,speakers referred to the IMnI as one of the fewIndustry associations that works with the scientificcommunity and supports researchers in theirquest to understand the complexities surroundingMn toxicology.

IMnI Publishes Results of5-Year Plan in Journal of

Neurotoxicology

MANGANESE2016 Conference, which focused onManganese Health Effects on Neurodevelopment& Neurodegenerative Diseases, attracted over 150scientists and stakeholders, along with hundreds ofviewers via webcast. Attendees represented some19 countries and included prominent researchers,government regulatory officials, as well as health& safety executives from the Mn industry.

The three-and-a-half-day conference was largelydevoted to the action and accumulation of Mn inorgans, threshold limits of exposure, toxicity fromenvironmental exposure via inhalation and/ordrinking water, with children’s exposure receivingthe most attention.

The IMnI sponsored the event and Executive DirectorAnne Tremblay and HSE Director Dr. DoreenMcGough were on the International Advisory

In 2016, the IMnI continued to communicatethe results of its HSE 5-Year Plan (2011-2015). The six different research projectsundertaken under the Plan were firstpresented in 2015 at the “The ManganeseShowcase Symposium”, in Ottawa.

Fast on the success of the symposium, theIMnI decided to publish the conclusions ofthe Plan in peer-reviewed literature and,thus, to reach out to the wider scientificcommunity, the relevant regulatory author-ities, and the metals industry at large.

The ground-breaking results of the studiesare reflected in the title of this special issue,Advances in Health and EnvironmentalResearch on Manganese. This Mn issue of theJournal of Neurotoxicology is available onlineas an open access source under the URL.

IMnI Shows Strong Presenceat MANGANESE2016

ConferenceTHE MOST IMPRESSIVE CONFERENCE ONMANGANESE RESEARCH IN ALMOST 20 YEARSWAS HELD FROM SEPT. 25 – 28, IN NEW YORK CITY.

IN 2016 ALONE, EIGHT PAPERS WERE ACCEPTEDFOR PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION IN THE

JOURNAL OF NEUROTOXICOLOGY.

Neuro Toxicology

Manganese Showcase Symposium

2016

HSE: 2016 A Year of Milestones

The mission of the HSE Committee is to develop the IMnIas the platform for providing the Mn industry with guidance,tools and information that will allow it to anticipateoccupational health, environment and safety demands whilstimproving worker safety, sustainability and ensuring industryprofitability. To support this mission, the committee answersthree main objectives:

• To identify those HSE topics that can impact on the Mnindustry and to provide answers.

• To establish and employ a global network that can provideappropriate HSE expertise to IMnI, when necessary.

• To provide relevant information and support to membersso as to enable them to promote and pro-actively ensuretheir interests when faced with new regulatory demands.

HSE : SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY

Reaching out is a corporate social responsibility:With the public’s increasing scrutiny of manganese,helped by readily accessible social media, theHSE Committee agreed that the Institute neededto reach out beyond just its membership.Communication took premier seat this year. Thistranslated by our publishing several IMnI researchoutcomes in the peer-review Journal ofNeurotoxicology, presenting papers at a major Mnscientific event (Mn2016 Conference), and by sodoing, reaching out to regulators, scientists, othermetal sectors, stakeholders and the communityat large.

Manganese-based slags: Shifting up a gear onenvironmental awareness and sustainability, theHSE Committee decided to embark on identifyingand understanding the socioeconomic importanceof manganese-based slags. The aim is to highlightthe socioeconomic importance of Mn slags outsidethe metal sector. Risk & Policy Analysts, UK, is theconsultant tasked with this job. The project tookits first steps this year and very quickly identifiedthat the cement, brick and glass industries heavilyrely on Mn slags as raw materials. The project ison-going and due for completion in 2018.

HSE & Regulatory Affairs 2016 Reaching Out Beyond the Mn Industry

1514

SOPHIE LE PENNEC Sophie Le Pennec replaced BranislavKlocock as Chair of the HSE Committee atthe Annual Conference. Ms Le Pennec isVice President for Environment, IndustrialRisk & Product Stewardship at Eramet.She has worked for Eramet for over 15 years

and is currently part of the Sustainable Development Division.

NB : Given that IMnI’s Occupational Health, Environmental and Safety (OHES) committee and activities also

cover health questions outside of occupational settings, and in alignment with the terminology used by member

companies and other similar associations, the Supervisory Board adopted to change the committee name

from OHES to HSE at their June 2015 meeting. With this change now incorporated into our By-Laws, minutes,

projects and activities formerly termed “OHES” will be referred to henceforth as “HSE”.

Working together to understand effects on Mnenvironmental exposure: Manganese is an essen-tial nutrient even in the developing child butsome recent publications have insinuated thatenvironmental exposure to manganese affectscognitive development in children. The HSECommittee and other stakeholders in the USA arecurious to know why and how. To get the answers,a collaborative project driven by the ManganeseInterest Group (the US advocacy association)has contracted to the best scientists fromExponent, USA. Exponent specialists spent 2016collating and analysing available literature. Theirconclusions are due for release in Q3 2017.

Targeting regulatory hotspots: On the globalregulatory front, outside the ever-active USA,Canada and the EU, Asia took the lead this year.Over the past twelve months, we’ve seen a verybusy China continue to tighten environmentalregulations, while Japan, Taiwan and Indonesiafocused on aligning their HSE regulations with theUN standards, and South Korea was copyingtheirs from the EU’s REACH. With this activity inthe regulatory world, the IMnI followed closely andinformed its members on those regulations thatcould affect businesses via a series of publications– 12 newsletters and 4 Asian quarterly reviews.The IMnI also decided to partner with REACH 24Consulting group, a Shanghai-based regulatoryfirm, to assist in a timely understanding of the ever-increasing regulations affecting the metal sectorin Asia.

• Focuses the activities of the IMnI on behalf of theglobal manganese industry to include the specificinterests of those companies currently producingelectrolytic manganese metal (EMM) and electrolyticmanganese dioxide (EMD).

• Collects and organizes trade data and distributestrade reports for the products of the membership.

• Provides coverage and weekly analysis of EMM andEMD markets in China through on the groundinvestigation by our IMnI China Representative.

• Acts as a forum for discussion of industry matters,particularly those relating to health, safety,environment and regulatory affairs.

ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTS DIVISION (EPD)

Global Electrolytic Mn Metal (EMM) continues tobe almost exclusively produced in China, whichaccounts for over 97% of total world production.China produced an estimated 1.15 million mt ofthe metal in 2016. Much of this output is usedwithin the country to produce the stainless steel200 series (SS200). Most, if not all, of the nickeltraditionally used in the production of stainlesssteel is replaced with EMM in this type of stainlesssteel. SS200 is a cheaper alternative of stainlesssteel used in a wide array of applications in bothChina and India and is gaining acceptance inother parts of the world. China also exportedover 354K mt of EMM in 2016, which is 10% morethan in 2015. Other applications for which EMMis a vital ingredient include aluminium, specialtysteels and high-strength steels.

Electrolytic Mn Dioxide (EMD) is a vital ingredientin the production of alkaline batteries, an essentialpart of our daily lives. The EMD industry is smallerthan that of Mn alloys or of EMM but no lessimportant. Total annual production capacity isroughly 400K mt. IMnI EMD members are presentthroughout the world supplying major batterycompanies like Energizer and Duracell. Membersinclude Citic Dameng in China, MOIL in India,Erachem Comilog (now taken over by PrinceInternational Corp.) in the USA & China, Quintalin Columbia, and Tosoh in Greece & Japan. IMnIrepresents a forum where EMD members canwork to strengthen the industry and ensure asustainable future marketplace.

The Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) hostedits 13th EPD China Conference in Nanning (GuangxiProvince), on March 19, 2016. It was the largestglobal EPD conference of the year with some120 delegates in attendance. Despite industryconsolidation and challenging market conditions,it once again proved itself to be the premierglobal EPD event. The program was filled with firstrate international and domestic speakers whocovered market dynamics and trends within theseindustries.

Major topics covered included:• The Effects of Manganese-Aluminium Alloy on

Electrolytic Manganese Metal• The Battery Market: How the EMD Industry is

Developing• An Analysis of Overseas Manganese Mines

DevelopmentA lively panel discussion and wrap-up sessionclosed the event.

Our 14th EPD China Conference Monday, March20, 2017 in Changsha.

For information about IMnI conferences, contact us at: events@manganese.org

The IMnI Electrolytic MnProducts Division (EPD)The EPD Conference :the premier global EPD event

1716

IMnI’s 42nd AnnualConference

The Westin Palace Madrid, Spain

June 1-3, 2016

by Anne Tremblay, IMnI’s Executive Director. Thetraditional poll permitted members of the audienceto rate IMnI’s services and express their views onthe steel and manganese industries and developingeconomic trends.

Two members of IMnI’s newly formed division ofMn Processors of Special Products, introduced theirniche markets. Jordi Aragones, Director ofInternational Sales for Carus Corporation presentedhis company’s Manganese- Based PermanganateProducts, Properties and Uses, while Arnaud Kimpe,Managing Director for Kimpe, showed HowManganese Coloured Bricks Became Architecture.Both were presented with wit and brought amoment of levity to the proceedings.

Autlan sponsored the welcome cocktail, whileSouth32 and Eramet Comilog Manganese offeredthe lunches.

Ferroglobe generously sponsored the GroupOuting and Banquet Dinner in Toledo – one of themost memorable to date.

The one day technical tour, held just prior to theconference proposed visits to Santander Port,FerroAtlantica’s Boo Mn Ferroalloy Plant andGlobal Steel Wire’s Plant.

The Annual Conference 2016 -IMnI’s Premier EventThe Manganese Industry:Where to Now

1918

IMnI’s 42nd Annual Conference took place inMadrid, June 1 – 3, attracting 126 delegates – anhonourable turnout considering the challenges theindustry had been facing.

Structured around the theme, The ManganeseIndustry: Where to Now?, main speakers included:Robert Ward, Editorial Director for The EconomistIntelligence Unit, who presented a global overviewWinners, Losers and Stragglers; Rafael Doménech,Chief Economist for Developed Economies for BBVAResearch and Professor of Economics at theUniversity of Valencia who provided a European andSpanish Economic Outlook; Michel Van Hoey,Principal for McKinsey & Company, who presentedHow Overcapacity Will Determine the New Face ofthe Steel Market; Denis Alvarenga, Head of Strategyfor the Global and European ProcurementOrganization at Arcelor Mittal, who presented onGlobal Steel and European Steel Demand, followedby Rafael Miranda, Chairman of Acerinox, wholooked at the Stainless Steel Industry. ArunaSundararajan, Secretary to Government of India(Ministry of Steel), Sakumzi Macozoma, Chairman(Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining), Iva Ganev, DirectorEuropean Energy, Climate and Raw Materials Policy(EUROALLIAGES), Maurizio Aponte, ExecutiveDirector (Mediterranean Shipping Company), DoreenMcGough, IMnI HSE Manager and Aloys d’Harambure,IMnI Market Research Manager, also spoke.

For the second year in a row, a panel discussionwas included in the conference program. This timeit featured Robert Ward, Michel Van Hoey, DenisAlvarenga and Rafael Miranda and was moderated

THE CHINA COMMITTEE REBORN

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MIAMI2017

MIAMI

IMnI’s 43rd ANNUAL CONFERENCEMONDAY, JUNE 5 - WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7 2017

The Mandarin OrientalMiami, Florida USA

THEME - “O BRAVE NEW WORLD - WHERE TO FROM NOW ?”

For information contact : events@manganese.org

The 14th Electrolytic Products Division (EPD) Conference

Monday, March 20, 2017

Changsha Shiji Jinyuan HotelChangsha, China

1 - enlarge IMnI’s presence and influence in China, and2 - further communication and cooperation betweenChinese and non-Chinese companies involved in themanganese industry and with government departmentsand research institutes on topics including, but notlimited to, technical issues, regulatory affairs, andhealth, safety and environmental issues (HSE).

The kick-off meeting was held in Beijing and broughttogether most of IMnI’s Chinese members, and notably:Minmetals Development Co., Shanghai JinnengResources Co., Tianjin Hoperay Mineral Co., CITICDameng Mining Industries, Ningxia Shengyan IndustryGroup Energy Recycling Economy Co., Ltd. and InnerMongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa Ferroalloys Co.

At the meeting, Jin Xiaoguang, Vice-General Managerof Minmetals Development Co., was elected Chairman;Wang Yue of Shanghai Jinneng Resources, Head of theStatistics Sub-Division, Yang Bin, Chairman of theBoard of Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group EnergyRecycling Economy Co., Ltd., Head of the HSE Sub-Division, and Deng “Dan” Guohong, President ofMengfa Ferroalloy, Head of the Technical Sub-Division.

The Committee aims to assist IMnI in enlarging itsmembership base in China; establish a strategic planto do so; and produce a business plan and budget tofulfil these missions. IMnI’s Supervisory Board will becalled upon to ratify both the China Committee’s plansand budget.

The new ChinaCommittee wasinaugurated onNovember 15 with a mandate to:

CHINA COMMITTEE

Jin Xiaoguang

Yang Bin

Wang Yue

Deng “Dan” Guohong

Li Weijian (Chairman) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CITIC Dameng Mining IndustriesMadelein Todd (Vice-Chairwoman) . . . . . . . . . . .Manganese Metal Company (MMC) Philippe Bertrand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ErachemLi Tongqing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CITIC Dameng Mining IndustriesHiromu Otsuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tosoh CorporationZhou Jian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IMnI China RepresentativeAloys d’Harambure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IMnI Market Research ManagerAnne Tremblay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IMnI Executive Director

EPD Division

The life of the Institute is regulated by the workdone by its committees. There are three standingcommittees: Health, Safety and the Environment(HSE), Statistics and the China Committee. Theymeet on average between two and four times ayear, and are open to both Ordinary and Affiliatemembers. Each committee is chaired by a member,while the secretariat is handled by a permanentIMnI staffer. Each also has about a dozen members.

The China Committee, which was formed thisyear, has three Sub-Divisions: statistics, technicalissues and regulatory affairs. The ElectrolyticProducts Division (EPD) operates like a committeeand is formed of producers of electrolyticmanganese metal and electrolytic manganesedioxide. Committees are the lifeblood of the IMnI,providing vision, ideas and direction to nourish itsfundamental missions.

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China Committee

Sophie Le Pennec (Chair) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eramet

Athena Keene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Afton Chemical Corporation

Victor Oropeza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Autlan

Bernd Friede . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Elkem

Cristina Rodriguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ferroglobe

François Blond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Glencore Manganese France

Maria Jassova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OFZ, a.s.

Tiaan van Aswegen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ore & Metal Company Ltd.

Jennifer Cronje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .South32

Doreen McGough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IMnI HSE Director

Anne Tremblay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IMnI Executive Director

Guillermo Recio (Chairman) Autlan

Juan Bosco Alvarez Autlan

Jay Cho Asia Minerals Ltd.

TBA Eramet Comilog Manganese

Antonio Salinas Ferroglobe

Toshiaki Abe Japan Ferroalloy Association

Thembelani Gantsho Kudumane

Colin Ouwehand OM Holdings

Roman Klein L&M Handels AG

Leslie Lie South32

Kobus Keulder Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Limited

Adirlei Oliveira Vale

Martin Levcik OFZ, a.s.

Aloys d’Harambure IMnI Market Research Manager

Anne Tremblay IMnI Executive Director

Jin Xiaoguang (Chair). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minmetals Development Co., Ltd

Deng “Dan” Guohong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inner Mongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa

(Head of Technical Sub-Division) . . . . . . . . . . . . Ferroalloy Co.

Wang Yue (Head of Statistics Sub-Division) . . . Shanghai Jinneng Resources Co.

Yang Bin (Head of HSE Sub-Division) . . . . . . . . Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group

Bob Chiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tianjin Hoperay Mineral Co.

LI Weijian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CITIC Dameng Mining Industries

Alfred Lam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CITIC Dameng Mining Industries

Lei Fei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minmetals Development Co., Ltd

Zhou Jian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IMnI China Representative

Anne Tremblay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IMnI Executive Director Statistics Committee

IMnI Committees 2016

HSE Committee

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Simon Collins

Pedro Larrea

Patrick Sacco

Johan Heystek Sophie Le Pennec

Mukund P. Chaudhari

Jin Xiaoguang

Anne Tremblay

John Raubenheimer

Guillaume Verschaeve

Li Weijian

Branislav Klocok

Esteban Rivero

Guillermo Recio

OFFICERS

Executive Board MembersChairmanPedro Larrea, Ferroglobe

Members

Esteban Rivero (Vice-Chairman), AutlànSimon Collins (Vice-Chairman), South32 Branislav Klocok (Treasurer), OFZ, a.s. Anne Tremblay (Executive Director), IMnI

The Supervisory BoardPedro Larrea (Chairman), Ferroglobe Esteban Rivero (Vice-Chairman), AutlànSimon Collins (Vice-Chairman), Autlàn

Branislav Klocok (Treasurer), OFZ, a.s.

Li Weijian, CITIC Dameng Mining Industries

Guillaume Verschaeve, Eramet Comilog Manganese

Jin Xiaoguang, Minmetals Development Co. Ltd.

Mukund P. Chaudhari, MOIL Limited

John Raubenheimer, OM Holdings Ltd.

Patrick Sacco, Ore & Metal Company

James Jin Shik Choi, Simpac Metalloy

Johan Heystek, United Manganese of Kalahari

TBA, Vale

Anne Tremblay, IMnI

Committee ChairmenHealth, Safety & Environment Committee (HSE)

Chairwoman: Sophie Le Pennec, Eramet

Statistics Committee

Chairman: Guillermo Recio, Autlan

China Committee

Chairman: Jin Xiaoguang, Minmetals Development Co., Ltd.

Electrolytic Products Division (EPD)

Chairman: Li Weijian, CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Ltd.

TreasurerBranislav Klocok, OFZ, a.s.

Executive DirectorAnne Tremblay, IMnI

James Choi

ORDINARY MEMBERS

IMnI Members

Asia Minerals Ltd., China (Hong Kong)

Autlán, Mexico

Brazil Manganes Corporation, Brazil

Chuo Denki Kogyo Co. Ltd, Japan

Consolidated Minerals Ltd., Jersey

Eramet Comilog Manganese, France

Ferroglobe, UK

Georgian American Alloys, Inc., USA

Glencore International AG, Switzerland

Inner Mongolia Chayouqianqi Mengfa Ferroalloy Co., Ltd, China

Kudumane Manganese Resources (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

Minmetals Development Co. Ltd., China

Mizushima Ferroalloy Co. Ltd., Japan

Mogale Alloys (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

MOIL Limited, India

Marubeni Tetsugen Co. Ltd., Japan

Afton Chemical Corp., U.S.A.

ArcelorMittal, France

Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad, Malaysia

Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium

Citigroup Pty Limited, Australia

Hanwa Co., Ltd., Japan

Italiana Prodotti Minerali S.R.L. (I.P.M.), Italy

JFE Shoji Trade Corporation, Japan

Kalagadi Manganese, South Africa

L&M Group, Switzerland

Marubeni Tetsugen Co. Ltd., Japan

CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Ltd., China

Erachem Comilog Inc., U.S.A.

Manganese Metal Company (MMC), South Africa

Carus Corporation, USA

Elkem, a.s., Norway

Kimpe SAS, France

Quintal S.A., Colombia

Tosoh Corporation, Japan

AFFILIATE MEMBERS

ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTS DIVISION (EPD)

Mn PROCESSORS OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS

Ningxia Shengyan Industry Group Energy Recycling

Economy Co., Ltd., China

Nippon Denko Co. Ltd., Japan

OFZ, a.s., Slovak Republic

OM Holdings Ltd., Singapore

Ore & Metal Co. Ltd., South Africa

Shanghai Jinneng Resources Company Ltd, China

Simpac Metalloy Co. Ltd., South Korea

South32, Australia

Tianjin Hoperay Mineral Co., Ltd, China

Transalloys Pty (Ltd), South Africa

Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Limited, South Africa

Ukrainian Ferroalloys and other Electrometallurgy Products

Manufacturers (UkrFA), Ukraine

United Manganese of Kalahari (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

Vale, Brazil

Vietnam New Resources Metallurgy Shareholding, Vietnam

Mineraçào Buritirama S.A., Brazil

Minerais US LLC, U.S.A.

Mitsui & Co. UK Plc., Japan

Noble Resources Ltd., China (Hong Kong)

Omni Industries BV, Netherlands

Prince Minerals, Inc., USA

Ronly Ltd., United Kingdom

S.H. Bell Company, U.S.A.

Sibelco Europe MineralsPlus, Netherlands

Sumitomo Corporation, Japan

Traxys Europe, France

Market Research& Statistics

Provides the most comprehensivereports & tools available onmanganese supply, demand andtrade flows.

stats@manganese.org hse@manganese.org events@manganese.org

Health, Safety & Environment

Develops and promotes universalbest practices for a sustainablemanganese industry.

Events & Conferences

Organizes worldwide industrygatherings, including the biggestglobal manganese event fornetworking and learning.

International Manganese Institute17 rue Duphot

75001 Paris, France

Tel: +33 (0)1 45 63 06 34

Fax: +33 (0)1 42 89 42 92

imni@manganese.org

www.manganese.org

IMnI provides vision and guidance to the manganese industry by promoting economic, social and environmental responsibility and sustainability for all stakeholders.

International Manganese Institute

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ANNUAL REVIEW 2016