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Increasing Capacity of Reservoir Using FusegatesKhatik Shahibaj1, M. N. Alam2, Shaikh Juber3, Shaikh Kashif Ali4, Shaikh Sahil5, and N. K. Gupta6

1,2,3,4,5Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Inst. of Tech., Pimpri, India6Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Inst. of Tech., Pimpri, India

Abstract—Fusegate are a new type of spillway discharge designwhich are used to store water and discharge it in a effective waytogether to get more water. Dams are used mainly to store water,but when there is excessive rainfall around low rise dams, thesurplus water get washed off and the fusegate system enablesus to store this excess water in the reservoir. And this excessivewater can be use for the other domestic purpose and industrialas well, There is a need to install these type of fusegate to storewater for socio-economic development of a nation. All thoughthe installation of gates with different types and heights mightpractically difficult , but its lower annual cost , flexibility inoperation and smaller wasted water resulting from gates tippingjustifies their selection Floods have been and are the main causeof dam failures. The criteria and methods for designing spillwaysvary from country to country, but are usually based on traditionalpractice established when the knowledge of risks was not thesame as it is today. They have the following serious drawbacks:1) They overlook the serious risk of gates completely jamming, 2)They do not focus enough on costs, and thus overlook or preventlow-cost solutions which may be the key to safety (halving thecost for spilling 1m3/s makes it possible, for the same cost, todouble the spillway capacity, and thus to divide by 100 the failureprobability).

Index Terms—embankment, fusegate, hydroplus, reservoir,spillway

I. INTRODUCTION

Every developed country stores water for about 1000 daysso that they can be well prepared if famine conditions arisesin their vicinity. In India specially in Maharashtra, loss oflives and livelihood occurs due to scarcity of water. So theapplication of these fusegate technology. The excessive waterstored during monsoon and springs can be used in the monthof April and May, just enough to save the lifes and livelihoodof our farmers. In last few decades there has been manyincreasing the storage capacity of existing reservoirs mightbe considered an economical and effective alternative. Fusegates installation is a comparatively new alternative, whichhas increased in popularity during recent years due to itsnumerous advantages. Since their first real-world applicationin the Lussas Dam in 1991, they have been widely used inover 50 dams all over the world and have gained considerablerecognition as a safe and economical tool for providing extrawater supply (Chevalier, 2004). Fusegates are essentially atechnical method to increase the maximum water level with-out structural dam heightening. Fusegates may be efficientlyimplemented to increase spillway capacity without sacrificingexisting reservoir storage. In fusegates system, gates are placedside-by-side to fill in the original spillway width. (Afshar andTakbiri, 2012). The fusegated spillway is favoured to passthe design flood with maximum water level not exceeding

that of original free spillway. Different gates combinations,their setting aprons, and varying routing characteristics ofthe fusegated spillway should be employed to fulfil thisrequirement. The principal advantage of fusegates over fuseplugs lies in their operational schedule. Fuse plugs completelyfail when they overtop whereas a number of tipping fusegatesdepends on flooding conditions and design tipping head of theindividual gates. Fusegates were invented in 1989 by FrancoisLemperiere as a simple, robust, and safe system to increase livestorage or spillway capacity. The system has been patented byHydroplus International in the United States, Europe, and mostother countries. It is implemented in more than 40 dams in14 different countries across 5 continents (Falvey and Treille,1995). This system can be a good alternative for radial gateswithout any need to mechanical and electrical equipment andcontinuous maintenance.

II. OBJECTIVES

• The main objective of this study are as follows:• To increase the water saving capacity of the reservoir• To avoid the early failure of the embankment.• To make the reservoir more flexible in their use and make

optimum use of the topography.• To reduce the overall cost of construction.• To make the construction fast & in a very feasible manner.• Rather going for building a high rise dam it is easy

to construct a fuse gate which ultimately increases thecapacity with low investment.

• To increase about 20-30% of water capacity of thereservoir.

III. METHODOLOGY

1) Fusegates are made of concrete and steel and are in-stalled side by side on the dams spillway crest. Theymay also be provided in the midway of the dams beforeconstruction.

2) Fusegate system was initially tested in the United Statesand since then they are used in many parts of the worldas a solution to prevent overflow of water.

3) In Africa this fusegate system was successfully adoptedon a small dam and it proved to be a perfect solution.

4) Our project aims to implement this idea and develop-ment of fusegate technology in India so that the excessof water can be efficiently stored and later can be usedfor different purposes and benefit the people of India.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, VOL. 1, NO. 6, JUNE 2018, WWW.IJRESM.COM 17

Fig. 1. Flowchart

Fig. 2. Working of fusegate

Fig. 3. Hardware setup

IV. CRITERION FOR SELECTION

The interaction of the downstream toe abutments with theballast in the fusegate guarantees the stability of the unitagainst the water pressure. Precise adjustment of the drainhole enables the base chamber to be drained of any accidentalleakage while ensuring a rise in pressure once the inlet wellbegins to fill. Set at a predetermined level, the filling of theinlet well is set to coincide with the tipping level of thefusegate. The reservoir level is then increased to reach thetop of the crest of the fusegate modules. In flood conditions,when the reservoir is full, the water flows over the crest of thefusegate, which acts like an ungated spillway. In exceptionalflood conditions, the water level in the reservoir reachestipping point: water pours into the inlet well to flood the base

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, VOL. 1, NO. 6, JUNE 2018, WWW.IJRESM.COM 18

chamber. Once the drain holes are saturated, pressure builds upbeneath the module. This generates a discontinuity in the forceratio which leads to destabilization of the fusegate, causing itto overturn in the downstream direction. As the water levelcontinues to rise, the fusegate modules tip sequentially, oneafter the other. Their tipping threshold is set precisely by theheight adjustment of their inlet well, to ensure that the unitsoverturn progressively in order to compensate for the effect ofexceptional flood levels.

Fig. 4. Hardware setup

V. DESIGN PROCEDURE

To ensure that the spillway can pass the design flood(in many cases the probable maximum flood), ail of thefusegates should have tilted at a reservoir elevation less thanthe maximum reservoir elevation. The determination of thedesign elevation at which the last gate tilts is obtained by trialand error. First, a reservoir elevation for the last gate to tiltis assumed. From this elevation, the height of the fusegatesand their number is determined. Then, using a flood-routingprogram, the design is verified. That is, a check is madethat the maximum reservoir elevation is not exceeded for theassumed design elevation and the incremental increases indischarge. If the maximum reservoir elevation is exceeded, thedesign procedure is repeated with a lower design elevation. Ifthe reservoir elevation is not exceeded, the design procedureis repeated with a higher design elevation. The goal is to de-termine the maximum reservoir elevation for tilting of the lastgate. Achieving this goal ensures that the maximum amountof water will be stored in the reservoir without jeopardizingthe safety of the dam. Sometimes, the crest elevation of thefusegates must correspond with the normal pool elevation. Inthis case, the spillway crest elevation is adjusted to achievethe required pool level using the standard gate heights and theprocedure is repeated.

VI. CONCLUSION

The orientation of the fusegate mainly depends upon thefollowing factors: a) topography of the land, b) amount ofrainfall in the region, c) requirement of the region, d) climatic

condition, e) existing water level in the reservoir, f) hydro-pressure,

Every developed country has water storage for about 1000days and for the under developed nation it is about 150 daysi.e. approximately 5 months. Therefore, this project providesa solution to increase the water height level of a reservoir.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Author want to acknowledge principal, head of departmentand guide of the project for all the support and help renderedto express profound feeling of appreciation to their regardedguidance for giving the motivation required to the finishing ofpaper.

REFERENCES

[1] Bessiere, “Hydroplus Submersible Fusegates for Surface Spillway,” inCommission Internationale des Grands Barrages, pp. 1-10, 1991.

[2] G. I. Joshi, “Performance of Fusegate on Weir,” Dissertation, The M. S.University of baroda, Vadodara, 2004.

[3] H. T. Kocahan and N. F. Suter, “The Fusegate System Reaches NewHeights in California,” 2004.

[4] H. T. Kocahan, “Hydraulics and Design of Fusegates,” 2006.[5] J. J. Hiteand and C. Mifkovic, “Increasing Reservoir Storage or Spillway

Capacity Using Fusegates,” in Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.121, no. 7, pp. 512-518, 2000.

[6] K. N. Wright, “Evaluation of Check Dams for Sediment Controlon Disturbed Land Surfaces,” M. S. Thesis,Agricultural Engineering,Dept. of Engineering Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010.

[7] P. N. Solanki, N. J. Shrimali and H. M. Gandhi, “A Study of FusegateSystem on Dhatarwadi Dam in Amreli, Gujarat,” in Journal of Inter-national Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.741-748, March 2014.

[8] P. N. Solanki, N. J. Shrimali and K. B. Gohil, “Study of Changein Rainfall Pattern in Dhatarwadi Catchment, Amreli, Gujarat,” inInternational Journal for Scientific Research & Development, vol. 1,no. 11, pp. 2328-2331, 2014.