International Involvement and the Progressive Era Unit Seven.

International Involvement International Involvement and theand the

Progressive Era Progressive EraUnit SevenUnit Seven

SSUSH 13 – The Student will explain major efforts to SSUSH 13 – The Student will explain major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Erareform American society and politics in the Progressive Era

Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industryoversight of the meatpacking industry

Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movementsrole of women in reform movements

Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessey V. Ferguson, and Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessey V. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACPthe emergence of the NAACP

Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckrakerExplain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker Describe the significance of the progressive reforms Describe the significance of the progressive reforms

such as the initiative, recall, and referedum; direct such as the initiative, recall, and referedum; direct election of Senators; reform of labor lawselection of Senators; reform of labor laws

SSUSH 14 – The student will explain America’s SSUSH 14 – The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the Century.Century.

Explain the Chinese Exclusion ActExplain the Chinese Exclusion Act Describe the Spanish-American War, the Describe the Spanish-American War, the

War in the Philippines and the debate over War in the Philippines and the debate over American Expansion.American Expansion.

Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.the Panama Canal.

SSUSH 15- The student will analyze the origins and impact SSUSH 15- The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War Iof U.S. involvement in World War I

Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in WWI, with reference to engagement in WWI, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.unrestricted submarine warfare.

Explain domestic impact of WWI, as reflected by Explain domestic impact of WWI, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.

Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nationsproposed League of Nations

Describe passage of the 18Describe passage of the 18thth Amendment, Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the 19establishing Prohibition, and the 19 thth Amendment, establishing woman suffrageAmendment, establishing woman suffrage

The U.S. Looks OutwardThe U.S. Looks Outward

Late 19Late 19thth century, some Americans century, some Americans believed that the U.S. should expand believed that the U.S. should expand beyond its own borders and acquire more beyond its own borders and acquire more territory – territory – ImperialismImperialism

Expansion would provide Expansion would provide economic economic growthgrowth; ; national securitynational security; crucial to a ; crucial to a nationalistic spirit.nationalistic spirit.

The U.S. Looks OutwardThe U.S. Looks Outward

Some people felt expansion was an Some people felt expansion was an extension of extension of Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny..

They saw it as the responsibility and moral They saw it as the responsibility and moral obligation for whites in the U.S. obligation for whites in the U.S. to civilizeto civilize and and take democracytake democracy to the rest of the to the rest of the world.world.

They thought that They thought that darker skinneddarker skinned people people were were inferiorinferior and needed leadership from and needed leadership from white people of European dissent.white people of European dissent.

IsolationismIsolationism

Others in American advocated Others in American advocated IsolationismIsolationism

They felt that acquisition would pull They felt that acquisition would pull America into America into foreign conflictsforeign conflicts; that ; that expansion contradicted the very principles expansion contradicted the very principles of of freedomfreedom and and self-governmentself-government on which on which the U.S. was founded.the U.S. was founded.

The PacificThe Pacific

Expansionist looked to the Pacific as a Expansionist looked to the Pacific as a pathway to the markets in Asia.pathway to the markets in Asia.

Secretary of State William Seward Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867.purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867.

American annexed Hawaii in 1897, for American annexed Hawaii in 1897, for Pearl Harbor and its economic importance.Pearl Harbor and its economic importance.

The Chinese Exclusion ActThe Chinese Exclusion Act

America was looking at China as a America was looking at China as a new marketnew market, , but at home Americans did not want to compete but at home Americans did not want to compete with Chinese immigrants with Chinese immigrants for jobsfor jobs..

1882, Congress passes the 1882, Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion ActAct which which prohibited immigrationprohibited immigration from China for from China for 10 years; the act was extended and remained in 10 years; the act was extended and remained in effect until effect until 19431943

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

1895, Cuba rebelled against 1895, Cuba rebelled against Spanish ruleSpanish rule; the ; the Spanish sent 150,000 troops to maintain order; Spanish sent 150,000 troops to maintain order; they put thousands in concentration camps.they put thousands in concentration camps.

Pressure mounted for American to get involved, Pressure mounted for American to get involved, Yellow journalistYellow journalist printed stories, often printed stories, often exaggerated, exaggerated, just to sell newspapersjust to sell newspapers..

These stories ignited These stories ignited public emotionspublic emotions and and contributed to the calls for war with Spain.contributed to the calls for war with Spain.


Assistant Secretary of Navy Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt resigned his position to become resigned his position to become Lt. Colonel and command a group of Lt. Colonel and command a group of volunteers known as the volunteers known as the Rough RidersRough Riders..

War officially begins in 1898 when the US War officially begins in 1898 when the US Battleship, the Battleship, the USS MaineUSS Maine exploded while exploded while in Havana Harbor.in Havana Harbor.

Newspapers immediately blamed Newspapers immediately blamed Spain Spain and citizens and citizens demanded Wardemanded War..


Explosion aboard the Maine was deemed Explosion aboard the Maine was deemed an accident recently.an accident recently.

Commodore Commodore George DeweyGeorge Dewey set sail to the set sail to the Philippines to destroy the Spanish fleet Philippines to destroy the Spanish fleet stationed there – he quickly stationed there – he quickly seizes the seizes the PhilippinesPhilippines for the United States. for the United States.

In Cuba, In Cuba, RooseveltRoosevelt wins praise for his wins praise for his charge of San Juan Hillcharge of San Juan Hill – which becomes – which becomes the most famous event of the War.the most famous event of the War.

A Splendid Little WarA Splendid Little War

American defeats Spain within three monthsAmerican defeats Spain within three months Sec. of State John Hay referred to the taking Sec. of State John Hay referred to the taking

of the Philippines as “a splendid little war”of the Philippines as “a splendid little war” War ended with the signing of the Treaty of War ended with the signing of the Treaty of

Paris 1898Paris 1898 Cuba was made a independent country, but Cuba was made a independent country, but

the U.S. was heavily involved in the Cubathe U.S. was heavily involved in the Cuba

Cuba, Puerto Rico, GuamCuba, Puerto Rico, Guam

In 1900, Cuba writes its own constitution, the In 1900, Cuba writes its own constitution, the U.S. insisted that the U.S. insisted that the Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment be be added.added.

The amendment The amendment put limits on what the Cuban put limits on what the Cuban government could do, gave the U.S. two naval government could do, gave the U.S. two naval bases, and allowed U.S. intervention whenever bases, and allowed U.S. intervention whenever we deemed necessary.we deemed necessary.

The Platt Amendment stayed in effect until 1930The Platt Amendment stayed in effect until 1930 Puerto RicoPuerto Rico and and GuamGuam became U.S. territories became U.S. territories

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

American could understand the events in the American could understand the events in the Caribbean with Cuba, Puerto Rico, but the Caribbean with Cuba, Puerto Rico, but the Philippines were on the Philippines were on the other side of the planetother side of the planet..

Many joined the Many joined the Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League, which , which opposed US expansion and was financed by opposed US expansion and was financed by Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie..

Roosevelt felt that the Philippines were Roosevelt felt that the Philippines were crucial crucial for protectingfor protecting American interest in American interest in SE AsiaSE Asia..

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

Filipinos under the leadership of Filipinos under the leadership of Emilio Emilio AguinaldoAguinaldo rebelled against American rebelled against American occupation. occupation.

For two years they fought the US until he For two years they fought the US until he was captured in 1902was captured in 1902

The Philippines become an The Philippines become an unorganized unorganized territoryterritory of the United States until of the United States until 1946 1946 when they are given their when they are given their independenceindependence..

U.S. Involvement in Latin U.S. Involvement in Latin AmericaAmerica

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Following the assassination of Following the assassination of William William McKinleyMcKinley in 1901, in 1901, Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt became the 26became the 26thth President. President.

Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panamaisthmus of Panama to serve the U.S. to serve the U.S. military and economic interests.military and economic interests.

Columbia Columbia refused to lease or sell the refused to lease or sell the territory to the U.S.territory to the U.S.

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

In 1903, the Panamanian people In 1903, the Panamanian people revolted revolted against Columbia (????) - Roosevelt helped against Columbia (????) - Roosevelt helped them achieve theirthem achieve their independence independence..

The new nation of Panama The new nation of Panama leasedleased the needed the needed land to America; construction began in 1905.land to America; construction began in 1905.

The The Panama CanalPanama Canal was competed in was competed in 19141914; we ; we controlled the canal until Pres. Jimmy Carter controlled the canal until Pres. Jimmy Carter transferred the canal 1977transferred the canal 1977; Transfer was ; Transfer was complete in 1999complete in 1999

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary Commonly known as Commonly known as “the big stick diplomacy”“the big stick diplomacy” This expanded the This expanded the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine by saying the by saying the

U.S. had a right to intervene in the region if a U.S. had a right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts.nation had trouble paying its debts.

He wanted to make sure that imperialist nations of He wanted to make sure that imperialist nations of Europe did not use debt as an excuse toEurope did not use debt as an excuse to re- re-colonizecolonize South America and the Caribbean. South America and the Caribbean.

The Big Stick name came from an African proverb The Big Stick name came from an African proverb which says, which says, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

It meant that the U.S. did not intend to be a It meant that the U.S. did not intend to be a threatening presence but it would not hesitate to threatening presence but it would not hesitate to protect its interest.protect its interest.

The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era


As the 1800s came to a close, only a few As the 1800s came to a close, only a few people enjoyed the people enjoyed the wealthwealth and and prosperityprosperity, , while immigrants and poor laborers lived while immigrants and poor laborers lived and worked under and worked under harsh conditionsharsh conditions..

Many citizens began to Many citizens began to demand reformsdemand reforms in in government, business, and society.government, business, and society.

The turn of the century marked the The turn of the century marked the beginning of the beginning of the Progressive Era.Progressive Era.


Progressives tended to be white, middle-Progressives tended to be white, middle-class, Protestants, who believed things class, Protestants, who believed things could be made better through could be made better through government government regulation.regulation.

Called for Called for regulation of business, improved regulation of business, improved wages, regulations of the work wages, regulations of the work environment, laws governing morality, environment, laws governing morality, standards for doctors, teachers, and standards for doctors, teachers, and lawyerslawyers

The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era Claimed that the rich were Claimed that the rich were exploiters of the poorexploiters of the poor

and and slaves to self-indulgenceslaves to self-indulgence.. Historians praise the progressives for their Historians praise the progressives for their

ambition and drive to ambition and drive to make society bettermake society better,, They criticized them for their They criticized them for their arrogancearrogance.. They assumed that those of lower economic or They assumed that those of lower economic or

social status were helpless without guidance social status were helpless without guidance from the progressives and they need help from from the progressives and they need help from more sophisticated people to decide what was more sophisticated people to decide what was truly best.truly best.

The MuckrakersThe Muckrakers

Muckrakers Muckrakers were authors and journalist who were authors and journalist who uncovered the abuse and corruption in uncovered the abuse and corruption in government and big business.government and big business.

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell is famous for uncovering the abuses is famous for uncovering the abuses at Standard Oil Company trust. Her writings help at Standard Oil Company trust. Her writings help to bring about the to bring about the end to monopoliesend to monopolies in the U.S in the U.S

Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair wrote wrote The JungleThe Jungle which which uncovered the truth about the uncovered the truth about the meat packing meat packing industryindustry in America in America

The Role of Women in The Role of Women in the Progressive Erathe Progressive Era

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Called the Called the “mother of social work”;“mother of social work”; she opened she opened Hull House as a settlement house in ChicagoHull House as a settlement house in Chicago

Settlement housesSettlement houses were social workers could were social workers could give assistance to immigrants and under give assistance to immigrants and under privileged citizens.privileged citizens.

Served as a center to launch investigations into Served as a center to launch investigations into economic, political, and social conditionseconomic, political, and social conditions

It was a It was a modelmodel for the over for the over 400 400 settlement settlement houses opened in the U.S. during the houses opened in the U.S. during the Progressive era.Progressive era.

The Temperance MovementThe Temperance Movement

Temperance movementTemperance movement wanted to limit and wanted to limit and eventually advocated eliminating alcohol.eventually advocated eliminating alcohol.

Carrie NationCarrie Nation was one of its most colorful was one of its most colorful figures – she made it a habit of entering saloons figures – she made it a habit of entering saloons and smashing bottles of liquor with a hatchet and smashing bottles of liquor with a hatchet while her supporters sang hymns.while her supporters sang hymns.

The The 1818thth amendment amendment was ratified in 1919 was ratified in 1919 prohibiting the making, selling, or transporting prohibiting the making, selling, or transporting alcoholic beverages in the United States, alcoholic beverages in the United States, commonly referred to as commonly referred to as “prohibition”“prohibition”

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

The The woman’s suffragewoman’s suffrage movement began at movement began at the the Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention in 1848 by in 1848 by demanding the right to vote for women.demanding the right to vote for women.

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony was the most notable was the most notable leader, along with leader, along with Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton..

1920, the 1920, the 1919thth Amendment Amendment was proposed was proposed and ratified giving women the and ratified giving women the right to right to vote.vote.

Progressives and RaceProgressives and Race

Following Reconstruction, Following Reconstruction, Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws became common in the South.became common in the South.

These laws required These laws required segregationsegregation of blacks and of blacks and whites.whites.

1896 – 1896 – Plessey vs. FergusonPlessey vs. Ferguson upheld such laws upheld such laws as constitutional. Establishing the as constitutional. Establishing the separate but separate but equalequal doctrine doctrine

Many progressives supported segregation and Many progressives supported segregation and thought it was necessary.thought it was necessary.

Progressives and RaceProgressives and Race

W.E.B. DuboisW.E.B. Dubois , the first African American , the first African American Ph.D from Harvard – rejected all Ph.D from Harvard – rejected all justifications for segregation.justifications for segregation.

He was instrumental in founding of the He was instrumental in founding of the National Association for the Advancement National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)of Colored People (NAACP)

Labor Laws and Living ConditionsLabor Laws and Living Conditions

Living conditions were addressed by the Living conditions were addressed by the author author Jacob RiisJacob Riis in his book in his book How the How the Other Half LivesOther Half Lives - his writing showed how - his writing showed how intolerable life was for immigrants and intolerable life was for immigrants and workers in the tenements of big cities.workers in the tenements of big cities.

Riis’s efforts resulted in the first laws Riis’s efforts resulted in the first laws aimed at aimed at improving urban tenementsimproving urban tenements..

Labor LawsLabor Laws

Because wages were so low, men, Because wages were so low, men, women, and children often worked 12 hour women, and children often worked 12 hour days to make ends meet.days to make ends meet.

Progressives called for shorter workdays, Progressives called for shorter workdays, higher wages and safer working higher wages and safer working conditions.conditions.

Some states passed minimum wage laws, Some states passed minimum wage laws, and child labor laws and child labor laws

Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryTriangle Shirtwaist Factory

1911, a fire broke out in the Triangle 1911, a fire broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory.Shirtwaist factory.

The doors had been locked to prevent The doors had been locked to prevent employees from stealingemployees from stealing

The fire killed 146 people and led to The fire killed 146 people and led to increased demands for safer working increased demands for safer working conditions.conditions.

Political ReformPolitical Reform

1717thth Amendment Amendment – provided for direct election of – provided for direct election of SenatorsSenators

Developed initiatives, recall elections, and the Developed initiatives, recall elections, and the referendum.referendum.

InitiativeInitiative – allows citizens to force a vote on certain – allows citizens to force a vote on certain issues without having to wait for public officials to bring it issues without having to wait for public officials to bring it up.up.

Recall Recall – gave citizens the power to h old special – gave citizens the power to h old special elections to remove corrupt officialselections to remove corrupt officials

ReferendumReferendum – meant public officials were elected by – meant public officials were elected by popular vote, rather than by party bosses or state popular vote, rather than by party bosses or state legislatureslegislatures

Constitutional AmendmentsConstitutional Amendments

1616thth Amendment – allows Congress to Amendment – allows Congress to collect income taxescollect income taxes

1717thth Amendment- direct election of Amendment- direct election of SenatorsSenators

1818thth Amendment – government prohibited Amendment – government prohibited the making, selling, and transporting of the making, selling, and transporting of alcoholic beveragesalcoholic beverages

1919thth Amendment – gave women the right Amendment – gave women the right to vote.to vote.

World War IWorld War I

1914-19171914-1917

The Roots of WarThe Roots of War

In 1914, World War I broke out in Europe.In 1914, World War I broke out in Europe. Initially a conflict between European Initially a conflict between European

powers, it eventually involved the United powers, it eventually involved the United States and other countries.States and other countries.

The causes of the war were in place long The causes of the war were in place long before a shot was ever fired.before a shot was ever fired.

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

NationalismNationalism – pride in one’s own country – pride in one’s own country or nationality.or nationality.

MilitarismMilitarism – process by which a nation – process by which a nation builds up its military to intimidate other builds up its military to intimidate other countries.countries.

Alliances Alliances – agreements between nations – agreements between nations to help each other in the event of war.to help each other in the event of war.

The War BeginsThe War Begins

The spark that ignited the The spark that ignited the ‘Great War’‘Great War’ happened June 28, happened June 28, 1914.1914.

Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the , heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist group known as the Black Hand.group known as the Black Hand.

All the alliances came into play!All the alliances came into play!

WWI AlliancesWWI Alliances

Triple EntenteTriple Entente – Great Britain, France, – Great Britain, France, RussiaRussia

Central Powers-Central Powers- Germany and Austro- Germany and Austro-Hungarian Empire.Hungarian Empire.

Within two months of the assassination, all Within two months of the assassination, all of Europe was at war.of Europe was at war.

The US Remains NeutralThe US Remains Neutral

1914, President Woodrow Wilson officially 1914, President Woodrow Wilson officially declares the United States declares the United States neutralneutral ( not ( not backing either side).backing either side).

Many in the US believed in Many in the US believed in isolationism isolationism (philosophy that the US would stay out of (philosophy that the US would stay out of international conflict) and did not see a international conflict) and did not see a war in Europe as any concern of the US.war in Europe as any concern of the US.

The US Remains NeutralThe US Remains Neutral

Many citizens became Many citizens became peace activistpeace activist ( Henry Ford)( Henry Ford)

Other citizens advocated neutrality while Other citizens advocated neutrality while preparing for war in case it was necessarypreparing for war in case it was necessary

US Policy towards the war became a key US Policy towards the war became a key slogan in 1916 election. Wilson won a slogan in 1916 election. Wilson won a second term on the slogan, second term on the slogan, “He kept us “He kept us out of war!”out of war!”

Woodrow Wilson

•1856-1924

•28th President- 1912-1920

•Democrat

The US Enters the WarThe US Enters the War

Despite Wilson’s desire for neutrality, a Despite Wilson’s desire for neutrality, a number of factors led to US involvement.number of factors led to US involvement.

Public opinionPublic opinion supported the Triple supported the Triple Entente Alliance – Britain, France, Russia.Entente Alliance – Britain, France, Russia.

US BanksUS Banks had loaned a large amount of had loaned a large amount of money to GB and had a vested interest in money to GB and had a vested interest in GB winning.GB winning.

The US Enters the WarThe US Enters the War

Great Britain controlled the Great Britain controlled the communication lines and the communication lines and the images of the war ( the cut the images of the war ( the cut the cable from Germany)cable from Germany)

People in the US came to see People in the US came to see Germany as a ruthless Germany as a ruthless aggressor out to destroy aggressor out to destroy democracy and freedom.democracy and freedom. Kaiser Wilhelm

Submarine WarfareSubmarine Warfare

One of Germany’s fiercest weapons was One of Germany’s fiercest weapons was the U-Boatthe U-Boat

U-boat U-boat is short for the is short for the GermanGerman word word UnterseebootUnterseeboot ( (undersea boatundersea boat))

Germany attacked any ship entering Germany attacked any ship entering British ports British ports

Wilson said no nation should be allowed to Wilson said no nation should be allowed to disrupt disrupt neutral shippingneutral shipping on the high seas. on the high seas.


The US was not entirely neutral; unknown to The US was not entirely neutral; unknown to passengers, the US had begun shipping passengers, the US had begun shipping supplies to GB aboard commercial cruise liners.supplies to GB aboard commercial cruise liners.

One of these liners, the One of these liners, the LusitaniaLusitania, was , was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915.torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915.

1,200 people died including 128 Americans.1,200 people died including 128 Americans. Germany agreed not to attack US passenger Germany agreed not to attack US passenger

shipsships..


1917, Germany resumed attacks on 1917, Germany resumed attacks on merchant and commercial ships.merchant and commercial ships.

The German policy of attacking all ships is The German policy of attacking all ships is known as known as unrestricted submarine warfare.unrestricted submarine warfare.

Germans knew this would bring America Germans knew this would bring America into the war, but Russia had dropped out into the war, but Russia had dropped out to deal with its own revolution (to deal with its own revolution (Bolshivek Bolshivek Revolution)Revolution)

Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram

1917, US intercepts a telegram from 1917, US intercepts a telegram from Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico.Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico.

It asked Mexico to declare war of the US if It asked Mexico to declare war of the US if the US declared war on Germany.the US declared war on Germany.

In return, Germany promised to help In return, Germany promised to help Mexico regain the territory it lost in the Mexico regain the territory it lost in the Mexican-American War.Mexican-American War.

Mexico passed on the offer.Mexico passed on the offer.

US Enters the WarUS Enters the War

Zimmerman telegram, more sinking of US Zimmerman telegram, more sinking of US ships, increase in anti-German sentiment ships, increase in anti-German sentiment caused Wilson to break off diplomatic caused Wilson to break off diplomatic relations with Germany.relations with Germany.

Wilson made the case that the world must Wilson made the case that the world must be be ‘made safe for democracy‘made safe for democracy’’

April 1917, Congress declared war.April 1917, Congress declared war.

US Involvement in World War IUS Involvement in World War I

US was not prepared to send a large army US was not prepared to send a large army to Europe right away.to Europe right away.

Congress passed the Selective Service Congress passed the Selective Service Act.Act.

It authorized a draft of young men for It authorized a draft of young men for military service.military service.

Harlem Hell FightersHarlem Hell Fighters

369369thth Infantry Regiment Infantry Regiment was an all Black unit that was an all Black unit that served so admirable in served so admirable in combat that it was given combat that it was given France’s highest medal France’s highest medal for bravery and for bravery and distinguished service distinguished service during the war.during the war.

ArmisticeArmistice

Germany’s failure to defeat Great Britain Germany’s failure to defeat Great Britain and France before America arrived meant and France before America arrived meant they had to face another enemy.they had to face another enemy.

Germany was forced to seek peace.Germany was forced to seek peace. 1918, Germany signed an 1918, Germany signed an armisticearmistice

(cease-fire or agreement to stop fighting)(cease-fire or agreement to stop fighting)

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

Wilson’s goal was to help establish peace Wilson’s goal was to help establish peace and stability.and stability.

Among other things, He proposed a Among other things, He proposed a reduction in armaments (weapons) and reduction in armaments (weapons) and the right to self-determination (power to the right to self-determination (power to govern oneself) for ethnic groups.govern oneself) for ethnic groups.

Proposed the League of NationsProposed the League of Nations

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Purpose was to provide a place where Purpose was to provide a place where countries could peacefully discuss countries could peacefully discuss solutions rather than go to war.solutions rather than go to war.

Many nations joined, the US did not!Many nations joined, the US did not! The US returned to its The US returned to its isolationist policies.isolationist policies. US did not ratify the US did not ratify the Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

which ended the war.which ended the war.

Treaty of Versailles 1918Treaty of Versailles 1918

Europeans wanted retribution (payback) for the Europeans wanted retribution (payback) for the 5,000 people a day who had died during WWI5,000 people a day who had died during WWI

Germany had to take blame for WWIGermany had to take blame for WWI Germany had to pay reparations to the alliesGermany had to pay reparations to the allies These conditions ultimately led to economic These conditions ultimately led to economic

depression and bitterness by Germans. depression and bitterness by Germans. Considered one of the causes of WWIIConsidered one of the causes of WWII

The War’s Impact at HomeThe War’s Impact at Home

War caused an increase in the War caused an increase in the Federal Federal Government’s power.Government’s power.

Wilson established Federal agencies to Wilson established Federal agencies to oversee the nation’s wartime economy oversee the nation’s wartime economy and to encourage public support of the and to encourage public support of the war.war.

Federal government ran a publicity Federal government ran a publicity campaign that painted the Germans as campaign that painted the Germans as evil monsters.evil monsters.


Herbert Hoover is appointed to oversee Herbert Hoover is appointed to oversee the Food Administration – encouraged the Food Administration – encouraged people to conserve food and plant people to conserve food and plant Victory Victory GardensGardens

In an effort to conserve fuel, the govt. In an effort to conserve fuel, the govt. introduced introduced Daylight Savings TimeDaylight Savings Time – – people would have more daylight and people would have more daylight and burn less fuel.burn less fuel.


Laws limiting Freedom:Laws limiting Freedom: Espionage and Sedition ActsEspionage and Sedition Acts – made it illegal – made it illegal

to interfere with the draft, obstruct the sale of to interfere with the draft, obstruct the sale of Liberty bonds, make statements critical or Liberty bonds, make statements critical or disloyal about the government.disloyal about the government.

Socialist leader, Socialist leader, Eugene DebsEugene Debs, was , was sentenced to 10 years in prison for criticizing sentenced to 10 years in prison for criticizing the government.the government.

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration

The demand for weapons, supplies, uniforms, The demand for weapons, supplies, uniforms, equipment etc. combined with many young men equipment etc. combined with many young men leaving to fight the war – created many jobs in leaving to fight the war – created many jobs in northern factories.northern factories.

Many Blacks began leaving the south to pursue Many Blacks began leaving the south to pursue better better economic opportunitieseconomic opportunities and escaping and escaping southern racismsouthern racism. .

This This Great MigrationGreat Migration continued for many continued for many decades.decades.

International Involvement and the Progressive Era Unit Seven.

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Transcript of International Involvement and the Progressive Era Unit Seven.