Medical University - Sofia, Medical Faculty

Department of Internal Medicine

Synopsis

of state examination

On internal medicine for medical students

I.Pulmonary Diseases

1.Acute bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, broncheolitis

2. Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease.

3.Respiratory failure – pathophysiology, and clinical features

4. Bacteraial community –acquired pneumonia

5. Nonbacterial community – acquired pneumonia

6. Hospital – acquired pneumonia and pneumonia in

immunocompromised patients.

7. Bronchiaectasis. Pulmonary abscess

8.Pleural effusions

9.Pulmonary Tuberculosis

10. Pulmonary embolism

11.Astma

II. Cardiovascular diseases

1.Diseases of the mitral valve:mitral stenosis

2. Diseases of the mitral valve: mitral regurgitation

3. Diseases of the aortic valve: aortic stenosis

4.Diseases of the aortic valve: aortic insufficiency

5.Endocarditis

6.Pericardial diseases, classification.Pericardiac tamponade.

7.Pericarditis.

8.Myocardial diseases: myocarditis

9.Myocardial diseases: cardiomyopathies

10.Acute heart failure: cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic

shock – etiology, haemodynamics, clinical features.

11. Treatment of the acute heart failure.

12.Chronic congestive heart failure – etiology, pathogenesis, clinical

features.

13. Cardiac function parameters in Chronic congestive heart

failure(CCHF). Treatment of CCHF.

14. Ischemic heart disease:classification. Stable Angina pectoris-

clinical features , treatment.

15.Acute coronary artery syndromes: Acute myocardial infarction with

-ST segment elevation.

16. Acute coronary artery syndromes without ST segment – elevation:

unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction without -ST segment

elevation.

17.Treatment of conductive disturbances

18.Rhythm abnormalities: supraventricular arrhytmias, classification,

haemodynamic, clinical features.

19.Treatment of supraventricular arrhytmias.

20. Rhythm abnormalities: ventricular arrhytmias, classification,

haemodinamic, clinical features..

21 Ventricular arrhytmias, treatment

22. Antiarrhytmic drugs: classification, dosage.

23. Hypertension: etiology, classification, clinical features

complications.

24.Hypertension: treatment

25.Acute Rheumatic feaver. Rheumocarditis.

26. Chronic Cor pulmonale

27.Aortic diseases: aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, Takayashu

disease;

III. Rheumatic diseases.

1.Rheumatoid arthritis

2. Ankylosing spondilitis (Bechterev’s disease)

3.Reactive arthritis

4.Reiter’s disease

5.Rheumatic feaver

6.Psoriatic arthritis

7.Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).

8.Systemic sclerosis

9.Polymyosistis(PM), dermatomyosistis(DM).

10.Vasculitis – clinical features and classification.

11.Henoch –Schonlein purpura

12.Ostheoarthrosis

13.Gout

14.Ostheporosis

15.Soft tissue rheumatism – classification.

IV. Hematologic diseases

1.Iron deficiency anemia

2.Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemias

3. Haemolitic anemias. Hemolysis.

4.Aplastic anemia.Agranulocytosis.

5. Hodjkin’s disease

6. Non-Hodjkin’s lymphomas

7.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

8.Myeloma multiplex

9.Chronic myelogenous leukemia

10.Polycytemia vera

11.Acute myeloid leukemia.

12.Acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) in adults.

13.Hemorrhagic diathesis - classification. Thrombocytopenia –

classification. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.

14.Hemorrhagic diathesis – classification. Haemophyllia.

15. Treatment with cytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs.

16.Thrombembolism. Anticoagulant treatment.

V.Endocrine and metabolic diseases

1.Diabetes mellitus – etiopathogenesis, clinical features.

2.Diabetes mellitus - treatment.

3. Diabetes mellitus -complications.

4.Obesity and Metabolic syndrome.

5. Dislipidemia

6.Hypothyreoidismus

7.Thyreotoxicosis. Hyperthyreoidismus.

8. Nodular goiter. Endemic and sporadic goiter.

9.Hyperproalctinemia. Prolactinom

10.Hypercalciemic states

11.Hypocalciemic states

12..Acromegalia and insipid diabetes.

13..Hypercorticism

14.Hypocorticism

15. Hypogonadism in male and female. Clinical feature.

16.Autoimmune disorders of thyreoid gland.

17. Polycystic ovary syndrome

VI.Gastrointestinal diseases

1.Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

2.Helicobacter pylori infection

3.Peptic ulcer

4.Malabsoption

5.Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

6.Other intestinal diseases

7.. Chronic viral hepatitis

8..Fatty liver. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

9..Primery billiary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis

10.Autoimmune hepatitis

11.Liver cirrhosis – etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features

12.Liver cirrhosis – complications:esophageal varices, ascites,

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP), hepato-renal syndrome, portal

encephalopathy.(PE).

13.Ascites – diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment

14.Cholelithiasis- etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features.

15. Cholelithiasis – complications: cholecystitis, cholangitis.

16. Acute and chronic pancreatitis

17. Cholestasis /jaundice syndrome.

VII. Renal Diseases

1.Acute postreptococcal glomerulonephritis(GN)

2.Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

3.Membranous glomerulonephritis

4.IgA glomerulonephritis(Berger’s disease).

5.Membranoprolipherative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

6.Lupus nephritis

7.Kidney and diabetes. Renal amyloidosis

8.Acute urinary tract infections

9.Chronic pyelonephritis

10.Renal tuberculosis

11.Nephrolithiasis

12.Adult Polycystic Renal disease

13. Acute renal failure – prerenal and renal parenchymal.

14.Chronic renal failure – stages and clinical course.

VIII.Toxicology and allergic disorders.

1.Insect sting alergy

2.Anaphylaxis

3.Asthma

4.Allergy due to medications.

5.Serum disease

6.Methanol poisoning.

7. Poisoning with Nitrogen and its compounds.

8 Posoning with Chlorine and its compounds .

9.Carbon monoxide poisoning.

10. Mushrooms – poisoning..

IX. Oncologic diseases

I. Renal tumors

II. Lung cancers.

3..Esopahgeal cancer

4 Gastric cancer

5.Tumors of the colon

6.Liver tumors

7.Pancreatic cancer

8.Carcinoma of the biliary ducts.

9.Tumor of the thyreoid gland

X. Principals of treatment

1.Treatment of peptic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

2.Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

3.Principles in treatment of chronic liver disease.

4.Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.

5.Treatment of the liver cirrhosis complications: esophageal varices,

ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepato-renal syndrome,

encephalopathy.

6. Treatment of chronic cholestasis.

7.Antibacterial treatment of the billiary tract infection.

8,Treatment principles in poisoning.

9.Treatment of urinary tract infection

10.Treatment in glomerulonephritis

11..Diabetes mellitus - treatment with insulin and oral medications

12. Treatment of diabetic complications.

13. Treatment with NSADS

14.Treatment in predialysis period of chronic renal failure and

indications for dialysis.

15,Clinical and pharmacological approach in pain control medication

therapy.

16. Treatment of bacterial infection.

17. Treatment with diuretics

18. Treatment with steroids.

19.Treatment with immunomodulators

20.Treatment with cytostatics.

21. Treatment of the thrombembolism.

22. Treatment of pneumonia

23. Treatment of asthma.

VAS