Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 · 1/25/2018 8 6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks...

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1/25/2018 1 Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 Robert A. Mittra, MD VitreoRetinal Surgery, P.A. Minneapolis, MN 56 yo female, EW Presented to outside Ophthalmologist Diagnosed with ”viral conjunctivitis”, but viral testing was negative. Also had pain around the eye and on the right side of her face Improved after a week or so, but the vision dropped VA 20/70 OD, 20/25 OS IOP 17 OD, 15 OS PMHx Hyperlipidemia, GERD, Osteoarthritis NO MEDS External Photo on presentation to outside Ophthalmologist OCT OD Fundus Exam OD Retinal detachment inferiorly OD, looked exudative. NO breaks seen and marked vitreous debris

Transcript of Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 · 1/25/2018 8 6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks...

Page 1: Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 · 1/25/2018 8 6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks after presentation, VA 20/40 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy

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Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017

Robert A. Mittra, MDVitreoRetinal Surgery, P.A.

Minneapolis, MN

56 yo female, EW

Presented to outside Ophthalmologist

Diagnosed with ”viral conjunctivitis”, but viral testing was negative.  Also had pain around the eye and on the right side of her face

Improved after a week or so, but the vision dropped 

VA 20/70 OD, 20/25 OS

IOP 17 OD, 15 OS

PMHx

Hyperlipidemia, GERD, Osteoarthritis

NO MEDS

External Photo on presentation to outside Ophthalmologist

OCT OD Fundus Exam OD

Retinal detachment inferiorly OD, looked exudative.  NO breaks seen and marked vitreous debris

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BScan OD Work Up

Patient placed on oral steroids for inflammatory component, medical work up initiated

CBC, metabolic profile

CT Scan Chest and Abdomen, R/O metastatic tumor

Concern for melanoma with possible overlying bleed and adjacent exudative detachment

2 months later…

VA 20/25+ OD, 20/20 OS

Off steroids, were tapered slowly

Exudative detachment almost completely gone on exam

OCT OD

BScan Further work up

Full body PET SCAN, MRI of the head

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64 yo female, LJ

Sent in for macular edema, possible hypertensive retinopathy OS

Patient is a nurse, history of Mild BP elevation

162/62 on presentation

VA 20/50 OD, 20/60 OS

IOP 18 OD, 19 OS

SLE 1‐2+ NS OU

Fundus

FA OCT

Diagnosis?

Atypical Ischemic Optic Neuropathy CRVO

Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Infectious ‐ Bartonella

Medical  Work Up CBC, ESR, CRP

VDRL, FTA ABS

ANA

Toxo IgG, IgM

Toxocara

Lyme Titer

B. Henselae titer

TB testing

3 weeks later VA worse 20/80

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OCT OS

VA worse on follow up , edema worse

ESR and CRP testing was high, Temporal Artery biopsy done‐negative

Toxoplasma IgG 81.5, IgM – negative

Other labs negative

Avastin injection given

Started on  Bactrim DS BID

3 months later, VA 20/600 OS 3 months after presentation, Fundus OS

8 months after presentation VA 20/400 OS 10 months after initial presentation

Emergency triage call from patient

VA worse OD

VA 20/80 OD, 20/300 OS

IOP 14, 13

SLE 2+ NS OU

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Fundus OD FA

OCT OD

Repeat Labs

CBC, ESR, QuantiFERON Gold, Bartonella, Lyme, Toxocara, Toxoplasma

Patient started empirically on Azithromycin

19 yo healthy female, A.S.

2 days of vision loss OD, no complaints OS

Central vision affected, thought it was a damaged contact lens, (‐1.50 OD, ‐1.25 OS)

Does not take any medications

Exam

VA 20/80 OD, 20/20 OS

IOP 17, 18

SLE:  Normal OU

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Fundus  FA OD

FA OS OCT OD

OCT OD OCT OD

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OCT OS7 days after symptoms onset, VA 20/150 OD, 20/20 OS

7 days after symptom onset2 weeks after symptoms, VA 20/150+ OD, 20/20 OS

2 weeks after symptoms 2 weeks after symptoms

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6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks after presentation, VA 20/40

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

Healthy young patients, average age of 25

Rapid loss of vision of one or both eyes 

Multiple post‐equatorial gray‐white lesions at the level of the RPE

50% have inflammatory cells in the vitreous

Can be seen after flu‐like illness, flu or varicella vaccine, can be associated with systemic and cerebral vasculitis

Rarely unilateral, one eye follows other usually days or weeks after the first

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

FA‐ block early, stain late

ICG‐ dark spots corresponding to acute lesions without late staining

OCT‐ classically RPE and adjacent photoreceptors during acute phase and recovery when the lesions heal

Differential Diagnosis

Serpiginous Choroidopathy‐ lesions similar acutely, but resolve more slowly and lesion marked atrophy of the choriocapillaris

More chance of CNVM development

Persistent Placoid maculopathy

Relentless Placoid Choroidopathy

Lab Work Up

QuantiFERON TB Gold‐ negative

Treponema Pallidum‐ negative

Toxoplasma AB IgG, IgM‐ negative

Lyme‐ negative

ANA‐ negative

CBC/diff‐ negative

ESR‐ negative

MRI Head/Orbits‐ negative

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OCT findings

Gass' Atlas‐ RPE and adjacent photoreceptors

Occasional SRF over placid lesions

Later studies have shown that acute lesions affect the outer retina

Fundus , SG

Which is most likely?

A) Age > 65, history of HTN

B) Age 40‐65, history of HTN

C) Less than 40, healthy

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18 yo female

History of Asthma controlled on Singulair and Loratadine

Lab work was extensive

FBS, HbA1c, CBC with diff, PT/PTT, ESR, lipid profile, homocysteine, ANA, Hemoglobin electrophoresis, VDRL, Cryoglobulins, antiphospholipid antibodies, Lupus anticoagulant, serum protein electrophoresis, blood viscosity

Options discussed: observation vs treatment

4 months later, VA 20/25

After 3 Avastin injections 71 yo female, CC

Decrease in vision OD

VA 20/70 OD, 20/25 OS

Diagnosis AMD Neovascular

Given Lucentis, after one injection improved to 20/40

Clinical Trial of Implant Device OD

Inserted surgically after two treatments, can be refilled in the clinic

Trial is still ongoing, results will be available soon and further study is planned

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10 yo boy presents 3 days after July 4th

What is the most likely problem?

Direct hit OS from a firecracker

VA OD 20/20, OS 3/200

IOP 12 OD, 16 OS

SLE OD NL, OS  Lid hemorrhage, 2+ cell/flare

Fundus VH

B Scan‐VH no RD, no FB

OCT shows edema consistent with commotion in the fovea, but also a lamellar macular hole appearance

1 week later, VA worse 8/200

Fundus OS What Now?

Surgery?

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2 months after initial injuryOCT OS, observed for 6 months prior to intervention

1 week after PPV/MS, VA 20/20080 YO female with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 

Sudden vision loss 10 years after CE/IOL

S/P large functioning superior trab

24 yo Male, TR

Sent for emergency Retinal Detachment OS, Macula ON

Not a high myope

History, VA down for 1 month

Diabetes Type 1, on Insulin, Atorvastatin, Lisinopril

VA 20/30 OD, 20/100 OS

IOP 18 OD, 16 OS

SLE NL OU

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Fundus FA OD

FA OS OCT

Severe PDR OU

Need anti‐VEGF and PRP in the right eye

Needs surgery OS

2 months later, VA 20/20 OD, 20/40 OS

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Fundus ES

Most Likely?

A) Age > 65, history of HTN

B) Age 40‐65, history of HTN

C) Less than 40, healthy

Patient is 22 yo

Runs track for a big ten school

Noticed decrease in vision after an intensive work out

Extensive medical work up negative.

Initially observed, but vision dropped to 20/400 over several weeks and patient opted for treatment

Over one year later, VA 20/20

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72 yo Male, sent for choroidal nevus OS, LM

VA 20/25 OD, 20/40 OS

IOP 15 OD, 16 OS

SLE PCIOL OU

Fundus

FA OCT OS

B Scan OS, Height 1.69mm, Width 6.83, high internal reflectivity

Choroidal Metastasis

History of throat cancer‐ biopsy reveal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, primary lung. Initial MRI of the Head showed no CNS involvement

Treated with radiation and chemo

Currently on chemo infusion every two weeks

Discussed external beam radiation if systemic chemo unsuccessful in shrinking the tumor

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45 yo male, JB

Sent by ER for retinal detachment

Sudden loss of vision superior visual field OS

PMH‐ HTN, but untreated

BP 124/90

VA 20/20 OU, IOP 18,19

SLE NL OU

Fundus OS

OCT OS

BRAO OS in a 45 YO patient

Medical work up 

Carotid Doppler, Echo

Lipid Panel

25 yo female, KH 

Mild central vision loss OU, OD > OS

No PMH, no medications

Color vision‐NORMAL

VA 20/40 OD, 20/30 OS, IOP 18 OD, 17 OS

SLE‐NORMAL

Fundus

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FA 4 years later, VA 20/60 OD, 20/100 OS

CONE Dystrophy

4 years later, the patient now has dramatically decreased color vision OU

Differential Diagnosis

Can be AD, AR or X‐linked

Associated with many gene defects, genetic testing done, awaiting results

Genetic Testing

41 yo female, TU

Noted to have “unusual lesion OD” 18 years prior

VA 20/400 OD, 20/20 OS

IOP 14 OD, 16 OS

SLE NORMAL OU

Fundus OD

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FA OD OCT OD

B Scan OD

Did not show shadowing

Thank You