Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 · 1/25/2018 8 6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks...
Transcript of Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017 · 1/25/2018 8 6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks...
1/25/2018
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Interesting, unusual, eclectic cases from 2017
Robert A. Mittra, MDVitreoRetinal Surgery, P.A.
Minneapolis, MN
56 yo female, EW
Presented to outside Ophthalmologist
Diagnosed with ”viral conjunctivitis”, but viral testing was negative. Also had pain around the eye and on the right side of her face
Improved after a week or so, but the vision dropped
VA 20/70 OD, 20/25 OS
IOP 17 OD, 15 OS
PMHx
Hyperlipidemia, GERD, Osteoarthritis
NO MEDS
External Photo on presentation to outside Ophthalmologist
OCT OD Fundus Exam OD
Retinal detachment inferiorly OD, looked exudative. NO breaks seen and marked vitreous debris
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BScan OD Work Up
Patient placed on oral steroids for inflammatory component, medical work up initiated
CBC, metabolic profile
CT Scan Chest and Abdomen, R/O metastatic tumor
Concern for melanoma with possible overlying bleed and adjacent exudative detachment
2 months later…
VA 20/25+ OD, 20/20 OS
Off steroids, were tapered slowly
Exudative detachment almost completely gone on exam
OCT OD
BScan Further work up
Full body PET SCAN, MRI of the head
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64 yo female, LJ
Sent in for macular edema, possible hypertensive retinopathy OS
Patient is a nurse, history of Mild BP elevation
162/62 on presentation
VA 20/50 OD, 20/60 OS
IOP 18 OD, 19 OS
SLE 1‐2+ NS OU
Fundus
FA OCT
Diagnosis?
Atypical Ischemic Optic Neuropathy CRVO
Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Infectious ‐ Bartonella
Medical Work Up CBC, ESR, CRP
VDRL, FTA ABS
ANA
Toxo IgG, IgM
Toxocara
Lyme Titer
B. Henselae titer
TB testing
3 weeks later VA worse 20/80
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OCT OS
VA worse on follow up , edema worse
ESR and CRP testing was high, Temporal Artery biopsy done‐negative
Toxoplasma IgG 81.5, IgM – negative
Other labs negative
Avastin injection given
Started on Bactrim DS BID
3 months later, VA 20/600 OS 3 months after presentation, Fundus OS
8 months after presentation VA 20/400 OS 10 months after initial presentation
Emergency triage call from patient
VA worse OD
VA 20/80 OD, 20/300 OS
IOP 14, 13
SLE 2+ NS OU
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Fundus OD FA
OCT OD
Repeat Labs
CBC, ESR, QuantiFERON Gold, Bartonella, Lyme, Toxocara, Toxoplasma
Patient started empirically on Azithromycin
19 yo healthy female, A.S.
2 days of vision loss OD, no complaints OS
Central vision affected, thought it was a damaged contact lens, (‐1.50 OD, ‐1.25 OS)
Does not take any medications
Exam
VA 20/80 OD, 20/20 OS
IOP 17, 18
SLE: Normal OU
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Fundus FA OD
FA OS OCT OD
OCT OD OCT OD
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OCT OS7 days after symptoms onset, VA 20/150 OD, 20/20 OS
7 days after symptom onset2 weeks after symptoms, VA 20/150+ OD, 20/20 OS
2 weeks after symptoms 2 weeks after symptoms
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6 weeks after presentation 6 weeks after presentation, VA 20/40
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)
Healthy young patients, average age of 25
Rapid loss of vision of one or both eyes
Multiple post‐equatorial gray‐white lesions at the level of the RPE
50% have inflammatory cells in the vitreous
Can be seen after flu‐like illness, flu or varicella vaccine, can be associated with systemic and cerebral vasculitis
Rarely unilateral, one eye follows other usually days or weeks after the first
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)
FA‐ block early, stain late
ICG‐ dark spots corresponding to acute lesions without late staining
OCT‐ classically RPE and adjacent photoreceptors during acute phase and recovery when the lesions heal
Differential Diagnosis
Serpiginous Choroidopathy‐ lesions similar acutely, but resolve more slowly and lesion marked atrophy of the choriocapillaris
More chance of CNVM development
Persistent Placoid maculopathy
Relentless Placoid Choroidopathy
Lab Work Up
QuantiFERON TB Gold‐ negative
Treponema Pallidum‐ negative
Toxoplasma AB IgG, IgM‐ negative
Lyme‐ negative
ANA‐ negative
CBC/diff‐ negative
ESR‐ negative
MRI Head/Orbits‐ negative
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OCT findings
Gass' Atlas‐ RPE and adjacent photoreceptors
Occasional SRF over placid lesions
Later studies have shown that acute lesions affect the outer retina
Fundus , SG
Which is most likely?
A) Age > 65, history of HTN
B) Age 40‐65, history of HTN
C) Less than 40, healthy
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18 yo female
History of Asthma controlled on Singulair and Loratadine
Lab work was extensive
FBS, HbA1c, CBC with diff, PT/PTT, ESR, lipid profile, homocysteine, ANA, Hemoglobin electrophoresis, VDRL, Cryoglobulins, antiphospholipid antibodies, Lupus anticoagulant, serum protein electrophoresis, blood viscosity
Options discussed: observation vs treatment
4 months later, VA 20/25
After 3 Avastin injections 71 yo female, CC
Decrease in vision OD
VA 20/70 OD, 20/25 OS
Diagnosis AMD Neovascular
Given Lucentis, after one injection improved to 20/40
Clinical Trial of Implant Device OD
Inserted surgically after two treatments, can be refilled in the clinic
Trial is still ongoing, results will be available soon and further study is planned
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10 yo boy presents 3 days after July 4th
What is the most likely problem?
Direct hit OS from a firecracker
VA OD 20/20, OS 3/200
IOP 12 OD, 16 OS
SLE OD NL, OS Lid hemorrhage, 2+ cell/flare
Fundus VH
B Scan‐VH no RD, no FB
OCT shows edema consistent with commotion in the fovea, but also a lamellar macular hole appearance
1 week later, VA worse 8/200
Fundus OS What Now?
Surgery?
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2 months after initial injuryOCT OS, observed for 6 months prior to intervention
1 week after PPV/MS, VA 20/20080 YO female with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Sudden vision loss 10 years after CE/IOL
S/P large functioning superior trab
24 yo Male, TR
Sent for emergency Retinal Detachment OS, Macula ON
Not a high myope
History, VA down for 1 month
Diabetes Type 1, on Insulin, Atorvastatin, Lisinopril
VA 20/30 OD, 20/100 OS
IOP 18 OD, 16 OS
SLE NL OU
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Fundus FA OD
FA OS OCT
Severe PDR OU
Need anti‐VEGF and PRP in the right eye
Needs surgery OS
2 months later, VA 20/20 OD, 20/40 OS
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Fundus ES
Most Likely?
A) Age > 65, history of HTN
B) Age 40‐65, history of HTN
C) Less than 40, healthy
Patient is 22 yo
Runs track for a big ten school
Noticed decrease in vision after an intensive work out
Extensive medical work up negative.
Initially observed, but vision dropped to 20/400 over several weeks and patient opted for treatment
Over one year later, VA 20/20
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72 yo Male, sent for choroidal nevus OS, LM
VA 20/25 OD, 20/40 OS
IOP 15 OD, 16 OS
SLE PCIOL OU
Fundus
FA OCT OS
B Scan OS, Height 1.69mm, Width 6.83, high internal reflectivity
Choroidal Metastasis
History of throat cancer‐ biopsy reveal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, primary lung. Initial MRI of the Head showed no CNS involvement
Treated with radiation and chemo
Currently on chemo infusion every two weeks
Discussed external beam radiation if systemic chemo unsuccessful in shrinking the tumor
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45 yo male, JB
Sent by ER for retinal detachment
Sudden loss of vision superior visual field OS
PMH‐ HTN, but untreated
BP 124/90
VA 20/20 OU, IOP 18,19
SLE NL OU
Fundus OS
OCT OS
BRAO OS in a 45 YO patient
Medical work up
Carotid Doppler, Echo
Lipid Panel
25 yo female, KH
Mild central vision loss OU, OD > OS
No PMH, no medications
Color vision‐NORMAL
VA 20/40 OD, 20/30 OS, IOP 18 OD, 17 OS
SLE‐NORMAL
Fundus
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FA 4 years later, VA 20/60 OD, 20/100 OS
CONE Dystrophy
4 years later, the patient now has dramatically decreased color vision OU
Differential Diagnosis
Can be AD, AR or X‐linked
Associated with many gene defects, genetic testing done, awaiting results
Genetic Testing
41 yo female, TU
Noted to have “unusual lesion OD” 18 years prior
VA 20/400 OD, 20/20 OS
IOP 14 OD, 16 OS
SLE NORMAL OU
Fundus OD
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FA OD OCT OD
B Scan OD
Did not show shadowing
Thank You