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Transcript of Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact. Thomas Edison “ If we did all the things we are capable...
Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact
Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact
Thomas Edison
“ If we did all the things we are capable of, we would literally astound ourselves ”
It is innately human to experiment and engage with the world
Integrated Concentration in Science (iCons)
Undergraduate Education Through Interdisciplinary, Team-Based,
Real-World Problem Solving
Integrated Concentration in Science (iCons)
Undergraduate Education Through Interdisciplinary, Team-Based,
Real-World Problem Solving
Some major challenges facing society
• Water• Energy• Health• Sustainable development• Environment• Knowledge• Economy
These are challenges that require interdisciplinary collaborations to solve!
Educational Goals:
• Attitude
• Skills
• Knowledge
ASK
iCons:
Training students to become scientific leaders
“Culture is more important than curriculum”
Four Year ProgramFour Year Program
Global Challenges,Scientific Solutions• Team Work • Begin Portfolio• Case Studies, e.g.,o Cholera in Haitio Gulf Oil Spill …
Year 1: Gen Ed “I”
Integrative Communication• Read Write Speak Debate• Bridge Disciplines• Develop Portfolio
Year 2: Junior Yr Writing
Discovery Lab
• Student-designed Experiments
• Cutting-edge Equipment
• Real-world Applications
Year 3: Upper Level Elec
Capstone Project
• Interdisciplinary Research• Senior Symposium• Complete Portfolio
Year 4: Honors Thesis
Mark Tuominen, July 6, 2013, Nano K12
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ChooseTheme• Biomed• Energy
Doing Science
9
Communicating Science
10
“ All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make, the better. ”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
iCons 3E: Renewable Energy Laboratory Course
11
iCons 3E: TimelineiCons 3E: Timeline
Energy Bootcamp Unit Project 1 Unit Project 2
Scaffolded course structure
Student ownership
Instructor guidance
wk1 wk15
12
NanoimpactWhere is nanotechnology making an
impact on society?
Where will it make impacts in the future?
Nanotechnology is an example ofInterdisciplinary Collaboration at work
People from diverse fields working together -- more rapidly solving important problems in our
society• Physics• Chemistry• Biology• Materials Science• Polymer Science• Electrical Engineering• Chemical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Medicine• And others
• Electronics• Materials• Health/Biotech• Chemical• Environmental• Energy• Food• Aerospace• Automotive• Security• Forest products
Global Grand Challenges
2008 NAE Grand Challenges
Top Research Areas of the NNI for 2011
1. Fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes
2. Nanomaterials3. Nanoscale devices and systems4. Instrumentation research, metrology, and
standards5. Nanomanufacturing6. Major research facilities and instrumentation7. Environment, health and safety8. Education and societal dimensions
484M 342M 402M 77M 101M 203M 117M 35M
The Lotus Effect - Superhydrophobic Surfaces• The leaves of the lotus plant are superhydrophobic – water beads up on the
surface of the plant and moves freely with almost no resistance making the leaves self-cleaning.
Water Drops on a Lotus Leaf
• The surface of the lotus leaf has 10m sized bumps which are coated by nanometer sized waxy crystals – extremely hydrophobic
• Superhydrophobic in fact!
• The water does not wet the entire surface of the leaf, but only the tops of the roughness.
• Contact angle approaches = 180o (the contact angle with air)
Hydrophobic vs. SuperhydrophobicHydrophobic Superhydrophobic
• Droplets don’t stick to superhydrophobic surfaces• Water-based stains don’t adsorb resulting in stain resistant
textiles• Dirt is picked up by rolling drop as it moves resulting in a self
cleaning surface• Droplets can be manipulated one at a time on these
surfaces to synthesize or analyze nano or picoliters of material – nanofluidics
• Snow and ice do not accumulate on these surfaces
Superhydrophobic Surface
Dirt
Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part I
• Need: two identical pieces of Teflon, sandpaper (240 grit) and a pipette full of water.
• Keep one piece of Teflon smooth.
• Lightly sand the second piece of Teflon with a random motion of the sandpaper to impart micron and nanometer size surface roughness.
Smooth Teflon
Sanded Teflon
Experiment:
•Place a small drop of water on the smooth Teflon surface.•Tilt the surface through vertical.•Does the drop stick or slide?
•Now place a small drop on the sanded Teflon surface•Tilt the surface through vertical.•Can you get the drop to stick?
•Adding micron and nanometer surface roughness can have a big impact on how drops adhere to and wet a surface
Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part II
• In the first experiment we changed surface roughness to make a hydrophobic surface superhydrophobic here we will change the hydrophobicity of an already rough surface
• Need: Regular sand and “Magic Sand” (sand treated to make it hydrophobic)
• Need: Two shallow pans/plates, two cups, two spoons and water
Magic Sand Experiment 1:
•Cover the bottom of one pan with regular sand and the other with magic sand.•Place a small drop of water on each.•What do you observe?•Agitate/shake the pan. •Does the drop stick or slide?Experiment 2:
•Fill two cups with water.•Pour regular sand into one cup and magic sand into the other. •What do you observe? •Does the magic sand get wet?•Use a spoon to move sand around. Bring it to the surface and see what happens!
Using Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Reduce Drag• We are currently using superhydrophobic surfaces to develop a
passive, inexpensive technique that can generate drag reduction in both laminar and turbulent flows.
• This technology could have a significant impact on applications from microfluidics and nanofluidics to submarines and surface ships.
• How does it work? The water touches only the tops of the post and a shear-free air-water interfaces is supported – effectively reducing the surface area.
• Currently capable of reducing drag by over 70% in both laminar and turbulent flows!
w
d
15μm
On PDMS
Hierarchical Nanostructures On Silicon
Can These Surfaces Have a Real Impact?
60μm
• Current Energy Resources – Fossil Fuels
– Increasing scarcity
– Increasing cost
– Dangerous to maintain security
• Ocean-going vessels accounted for 72% of all U.S. imports in 2006
– Technology could be employed to make ships more efficient or faster
– Friction drag accounts for 90% of total drag experienced by a slow moving vessel
– A 25% reduction in friction drag on a typical Suezmax Crude Carrier could…
• Save $5,500 USD / day in #6 fuel oil
• Prevent 43 metric tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere each day
The GENMAR GEORGE T (Japan Universal Shipbuilding, Tsu shipyard)
Why Size Matters• To support larger and larger pressures and pressure drops, the spacing of the roughness on the
ultrahydrophobic surfaces must be reduced into the nanoscale.
• Currently developing processing techniques for large area nanofabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with precise patterns of surface roughness.
→Roll-to-roll nano-imprint lithography – a cutting edge tool.
4 cos( )aw ap p p
w
Supply Drive
Module
CoatingModule
ImprintingModule Receive
DriveModule
R2R NIL70nm Optical Gratings
Why Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography
• Roll-to-roll technology will enable fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices by a simple, rapid, high volume, cost-effective platform.
• Current cost of nanofabrication is $25,000/m2
• This technology capable of pushing it to $25/m2
– Will help address many of the challenges facing society.
Supply Drive
Module
CoatingModule
Membranes and Filters
Nanomanufacturing - the essential link between laboratory innovations and nanotechnology products.
Nanomanufacturing
• Processes must work at a commercially relevant scale• Cost is a key factor• Must be reproducible and reliable• Environmental Health and Safety must be under control• Nanomanufacturing includes top-down and bottom-up techniques, and integration of both• Must form part of a value chain
27Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press
Nanofabrication & Nanomanufacturing Today
The Cost of Complexity
Complexity/Functionality
Cost/area
Logic
Storage
Coatings
Photovoltaics
Filters
Lighting
Displays
Catalysts
Sensors
$105/m2$1/m2
28Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press
Important Strides in Nano Environmental, Health and Safety
NIOSH: "Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology" - Emphasizing effective control banding- Now an ISO standard
NIH: Nano Health Enterprise InitiativeDuPont/EDF: Nano Risk FrameworkACS: Lab Safety Guidelines For Handling NanomaterialsLockheed-Martin: Enterprise-wide Procedure for Environmental, Safety and Health Management of Nanomaterials
and many more efforts
An open access network for the advancement of nanomanufacturing R&D and education
–Cooperative activities (real-space)
–Informatics (cyber-space)
Mission: A catalyst -- to support and develop communities of practice in nanomanufacturing.
www.nanomanufacturing.org
Nanoinformatics
• Nanotechnology meets Information Technology
• The development of effective mechanisms for collecting, sharing, visualizing, modeling and analyzing data and information relevant to the nanoscale science and engineering community.
• The utilization of information and communication technologies that help to launch and support efficient communities of practice.
www.internano.org