Interculturally-sensitive coaching · Interculturally-sensitive coaching Professor Christian van...
Transcript of Interculturally-sensitive coaching · Interculturally-sensitive coaching Professor Christian van...
Interculturally-sensitive coaching
Professor Christian van Nieuwerburgh
School of Psychology
University of East London (UK)
Our time together
Diversity and discrimination
Agreeing definition of “culture”
Exploration of intercultural sensitivity
Practice and implications for “others”
“pattern of shared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions…that manifests itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused values, norms, and rules of behaviour” Schein, 2010
“the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.” Cambridge Online Dictionary
Some existing definitions
Equality Act (UK) 2010
Protected CharacteristicsRace
(including colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin)
Pregnancy and maternity
Religion and belief
Sexual orientation
Age
Disability
Gender reassignment
Married or civil partnership
Anti-discrimination legislation
Interculturally-sensitive coaching:Being fair and respectful to our clients
Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 1997
From a universalist point of view, everyone should be treated equally and should follow the same rules and laws.
From a particularist point of view, every case is different and people should be treated differently based on their particular circumstances.
But what is fairness?
Intercultural Sensitivity
1 DENIAL of cultural difference
2 DEFENCE against cultural difference
3 MINIMISATION of cultural difference
4 ACCEPTANCE of cultural difference
5 ADAPTATION to cultural difference
6 INTEGRATION of cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
The developmental model
Avoids experiencing difference by staying within homogeneous group.
Stays separate from other cultural groups to protect own worldview.
Bennett, 1993
Denial of cultural difference
Believes that own culture is superior to other cultures.
Criticises and judges other cultures as inferior.
Defence against cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
Believes that all humans have the same physical characteristics. Such common biological features mean that behaviour is recognisable across cultures.
Believes that all humans share the same universal values and therefore that everyone shares the same cultural worldview.
Minimisation of cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
Recognises and accepts that own culture is just one of a number of equally complex worldviews.
Is curious and respectful toward cultural difference.
Acceptance of cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
EmpathyHas developed enough intercultural communication skills to adapt to difference and consciously shift into other perspectives.
PluralismUnderstands that difference should always be understood within the context of the relevant culture.
Adaptation to cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
Contextual EvaluationAble to manipulate multiple cultural frames of reference in evaluation of a situation.
Constructive MarginalityIdentity is not primarily based on any one culture.
Integration of cultural difference
Bennett, 1993
Demonstrate appropriate curiosity about others
Maintain a respectful attitude to the self-identified cultural
groups of others
Maintain a non-judgmental attitude to the self-identified
cultural groups of others
Demonstrate empathy when working with people of different
self-identified cultural groups
van Nieuwerburgh, 2017
Practical ideas: Coaching in education
Do not belittle or make humorous comments about the cultural group of others
Avoid discriminatory language or behaviour
Do not allow cultural stereotypes to influence your perception of others
Avoid making assumptions about the cultural group of a person
van Nieuwerburgh, 2017
What to avoid: Coaching in education
van Nieuwerburgh, 2017
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Best practice in all coaching conversations
Be clear about the purpose of coaching
Follow a clear process that is shared with the coachee
Commit explicitly to the principle of non-directivity
Respect the role of the coachee as a decision-maker
Regularly check the health of the coaching relationship
Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R.M. Paige (Ed.) Education for the Intercultural Experience. 2nd edition. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. 21-71.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 4th edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. H. (2012). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business. 3rd edition. London: Nicholas Brealey.
van Nieuwerburgh, C. (2016). Interculturally-sensitive coaching. In The Sage Handbook of Coaching.
References