Intercultural Policy in the city

of Barcelona: results and

examples. Compas Oxford

Autumn Academy

Strategic approaches to Migrant Integration in Europe

Tuesday September 6th 2016

Ramon Sanahuja

Ajuntament de Barcelona

1

What administration is competent in Immigration?

Competences / Field UE STATE REGION LOCAL

Border Control, flux control ( Return directive, Frontex...)

Residents permit, regrouping, working permits....

Free movement within EU borders (Schengen, ...)

Refuges, Asylum .

Nationality, naturalization (Civil codes...)

Welcoming policies, (information, language...)

Access to services and programmes (health , education, social services, housing...)

Integration, living together with, ...(Leisure, participation, visibility...)

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in

Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

3

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in

Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

4

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BARCELONA:

City Population: 1,65 million. Metropolitan area of 4 million: Historically economic engine in south Europe. High density: 16.000 x Km2

Foreign population: 280.047 (2014) 17,2% . 23% (with foreign background)

22% population 65+

Official Language: Catalan and Spanish. (Caregiving generational and diversity gap)

International migration is very recent in the last 15 years. Flow has stopped in the last two years because economic situation

Economic migrants rather than refugees.

Ranking of foreign nationalities (2015):

1. Italy 25.797 2. Pakistan 19.414 3. China 17.487 4. France 13.281 5. Morocco 12.601 6. Bolivia 9.946 7. Ecuador 8.647 6

Impact: Great Migration influx 2000 to 2009.

Evolution of the number of foreigners registered 2000-2015

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

300.000 16,4% 294.918

260.058 262.233 250.000

200.000 202.489

150.000 163.046

100.000

350.000

22% Foreign Born

53.428

50.000

0 7

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Work a Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

8

Context of Economic crisis and big social distress:

Unemployment has raised from 7% to up 20%(2013) now is 15%.

Youth unemployment 50%. .

Migrant unemployment 36%.

The Banking crisis and real states crisis caused an enormous inc rease of ev ic t ions . One of the ne ighborhoods in Barcelona it is known as “Eviction vil lage” . “Ciutat Meridiana.

Important increase of vulnerable persons and migrants with irregular status

Budgets cuts and austerity policy (other administrations) affected basic services l ike Health, education, social

benefits, pensions...etc

New tendency Emigration of well educated youth and 9

voluntary return to countries of origin.

Impact 2: Evolution of Unemployed in Barcelona

108.624 101.069 107.677 99.096

100.000

120.000

112.192

74.364 100.861 80.000

60.000

40.000

20.000

0

51.243

Sept 2007 june 2008 june 2009 june 2010 Des 2011 june 2012 des 2013 des 2014

10

Hypothesis:

+ Massive migration + deep economical crisis in a dense

complex urban area + austerity policies

+ corruption cases and political crisis

=

Riots, ethnic tensions, racism and xenophobia

11

12

Impact:

16,00%

% Of citizens in Barcelona that perceve immigration as the main problem of Barcelona (2007-2014)

Source: Barcelona city Omnibus survey. Evolution of unemployed in Barcelona 2007 2015

15,10% 100.861

99.096

90.893

108.624

7,90% 8,00% 80.000

9,30% 74.364

6,80% 6,00%51.2

70.000 5,50%

4 , % 60 .000

2 , % 50.000

2,30%

0 , % 40.000

107.677 112.192

120.000

14,00% 110.000

12,00% 100.000

10,00% 90.000

2,30% 3,50%

Sept 2007 june 2008 june 2009 june 2010 Des 2011 june 2012 des 2013 des 2014 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

But , yet social cohesion and living together it is

not broken!

There has been big social distress and increase of

inequity in the c i ty among r icher and poorer ne ighbourhoods but migrants a re not be ing

blame of the situation.

There are conflicts related to diversity but not

great problems

Xenophobic parties do not have any support in

Barcelona (never elected in our town)

Migrants are not scapegoats of the situation

like in other cities and countries! 13

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in

Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

14

Our framework: Barcelona Interculturality Plan

Main Objective:

Define a strategy for the city of Barcelona in order to tackle the challenge of diversity from an intercultural point of view.

Main goal is to foster interaction between

individuals. Pursue “convivencia”.

Barcelona is a city, a setting, where interaction

is more likely to happen.

Build a common sense of belonging, civic

engagement

15

The central concept of “Convivencia” – Living together with. Professor Carlos Gimenez Romero (UAM)

Diversity chal lenges the real ity as it was every day: publ ic pol icies

need to readapt and examine constantly in front of new situations.

Living together with (Convivencia) is not coexistence; it goes beyond and very

often means conflict.

Conflict is not hidden it is faced and try to overcome through

mediation and policies.

Transversality of the policy in the administration is a key issue.

Political leadership

Build political consensus within all political representants.

16

A. Barcelona Interculturality: 3 principles (Theoretical framework of Dr. Carlos Gimenez Romero U.A.M)

Equality All programmes and

policies can be examined how they contribute to the 3

principles.

Diversity Interaction 17

Equality

- Assure equal access to services and programmes: Active

local register “padron”, even for migrants with irregular status.

- Avoid segregation.

- Access to health and education guaranteed even for

irregular migrants.

- Welcoming policies: attend everybody as soon as possible:

the irregular today is the future regular.

- Adapt services to the changing reality of our residents.

Qualitaty and quantity.

18

Respect for diversity

- Libraries network open to new citizens with

books in many languages.

- Language learning language of origen at the

school.

- Celebration of diversity in public

spaces.

- Respect for religious diversity even in

public space. Ex: Ashura (Shia’s Muslims)

- ....

19

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Ajuntament de Barcelona

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116

4

Interaction:

- Heterogeneous Participation networks

- Anti rumor strategy fight prejudice that can

brake common trust between neighbors.

- Urban planning: mix planning of neighborhoods

with proximity shops, mixed uses of land for residential, work, retail, services...avoiding urban

segregation.

- XEIX project Economic fostering of a Fort Pienc

neighborhood. (Awarded by the Council of Europe) 2 3

Participation of civil society/ Civic engagement

Example of civil society engagement:

Association like PAH (platform of people affected by evictions) all working class people, from many origens, fighting together against the evictions of the big banking corporations.

Create social bonds and social capital (Putnam) among diverse working class people in disadvantage neighborhoods

24

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Ada Colau: the Mayor of Barcelona

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in

Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

29

Outline of the session:

1. Introduction: City of Barcelona

2. Economic crisis and impact on migration in

Barcelona

3. Policy framework: Interculturality

Goals

The 3 principles

Examples

3. Case Study in groups: Chinatown in Barcelona?

1. Conclusions

30

Thank you!

Ramon Sanahuja:

rsanahuja@bcn.cat

31