Interactive Questions 02

7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 02

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INTERACTIVE MULTIPLE

CHOICE QUESTIONS

Test 2

The answers are provided, but so also areexplanations of why the alternatives are

unsatisfactory


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Question 1

These multiple choice questions are similar to the ones set by

the GCSE and IGCSE Examination Boards except that, in

some cases, there may be more than one acceptable answer.

For this reason, even if you select a correct answer at your

first attempt, it is worth looking at all the alternatives (a)

to see if there is a better answer and

(b) to see why some of the alternatives are unacceptable.


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Question 1

A male heterozygous black mouse (Bb) is mated with afemale heterozygous black mouse (Bb) and the litter consists

of 12 pups. B is the allele for the black colour. The allele for

brown colour is b. The dominant allele is B . Which

of these ratios is closest to the expected ratio for the

distribution of colour among the offspring?

(d) 8 black and 4 brown

(c) 4 black and 8 brown

(b) 6 black and 6 brown

(a) all black

Question 2

X


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B

B b

b

BB Bb

Bb bb

gametes

From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratiois 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)

These are only the chance combinations. It would be

possible to produce 12 black pups, since black is the

dominant allele but this is not close to the expected ratio

Not very close


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B b

b

BB Bb

Bb bb

gametes

B

From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratiois 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)

These are only the chance combinations. It would be possible to

produce 6 black and 6 brown pups but this is not very close to the

expected ratio of 9:3

Not very close


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B b

b

BB Bb

Bb bb

gametes

B

From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratio is

3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)

These are only the chance combinations. A

combination of 4 black to 8 brown is close to the

expected ratio of 3:9 but since black is the dominant

allele it seems to be the wrong way round

Close but .


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B b

b

BB Bb

Bb bb

gametes

B

From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratio

is 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)

These are only the chance combinations. A

combination of 8 black to 4 brown is closest to the

expected ratio of 9:3 so this would be the most likely

outcome

The closest


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Question 2

Which of the following gases are the cause of acid rain?

(c) Nitrogen oxide

(b) Carbon monoxide

(d) Sulphur dioxide

(a) Carbon dioxide

Question 3


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Carbon dioxide does dissolve in rain to form a weak solutionof carbonic acid (H2CO3) but this is normal and does not

contribute to what is known as acid rain.

However it is thought to be making the ocean more acid and

this is a cause for concern

No


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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas but does not

contribute to acid rain

No


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Oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rain water to form

nitric acid which is very harmful to lakes and land

plants

Yes


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Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water to form,

eventually, sulphuric acid. This damages lakes and

land plants

Yes


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Question 3

Asexual reproduction in plants

(d) disperses the offspring widely

(c) produces variation in the offspring

(b) maintains the characteristics of the plant

(a) involves self-fertilisation

Question 4


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Self-fertilisation is one type ofsexual reproduction

No


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Asexual reproduction does maintain the parental

characteristics in all the offspring. This is particularly

valuable in horticulture for retaining the desirable

characteristics of a plant.

Yes


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Asexual reproduction does not result in variation

among the offspring

No


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Asexual reproduction does not result in dispersal.Plants produced by asexual reproduction usually

grow in clumps or colonies

No


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Question 4

A mothers blood group isA. The fathers blood group isAB.

Which of the following blood groups could appear in their

children?

(d) O

(c)AB

(b) B

(a)A

Question 5


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The mothers genotype could be IaIa or IaIo

The fathers genotype can only be IaIb

Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,IaIb or IbIo

The first two of these would be expressed as groupA

because Ia is dominant to Io

Yes


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Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,

IaIb or IbIo

IbIo would be expressed as group Bbecause Ib is dominant

to Io

Yes


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Yes



Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,IaIb or IbIo

In the the combination IaIb the alleles are codominant

and would be expressed as group AB


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No



Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,

IaIb or IbIo

The combination IoIo could not arise


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Question 5

Ranunculus bulbosus is

(d) A family

(c) A class

(b) A species

(a) A genus

Question 6


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The genus is Ranunculus. This is the genus whichincludes the buttercups

No


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The use of the binomial name indicates that Ranunculus

bulbosus is a species (the bulbous buttercup).

Yes


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The class would be flowering plantsNo


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The family would be Ranunculaceae which includesclematis, anemone, water lily as well as buttercup.

No


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Question 6

Sunflower seedlings with straight shoots are placed on awindow sill. After a period of several hours, the growing

parts of the stems have turned through 30o and are now

growing towards the window. This is an example of

(d) positive geotropism

(c) positive phototropism

(b) negative phototropism

(a) a response to a stimulus

Question 7


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This is certainly a response (growth movement) to

a stimulus (light from one side) but it is possible

to be more precise


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Negative phototropism implies a growth movement away

from the light source

No


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This is an example of positive phototropism, a

growth movement (response) towards the light

source (the stimulus)

Yes


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Geotropism refers to a response to gravity acting on one sideof the plant.

No


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Question 7

Question 8

Which of these processes increase the concentration of

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

(a) Respiration

(b) Photosynthesis

(c) Combustion

(d) Decay


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Aerobic respiration involves the oxidation of

carbohydrates with the production of carbon dioxide.

For example

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Anaerobic respiration involves the breakdown of

carbohydrates with the production of carbon dioxide and

products such as alcohol or pyruvic and lactic acids.

Yes

For example

C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH

alcohol


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No

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere.

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

glucose


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YesWhen carbon-containing substances burn, the carbon

combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

C + O2 CO2


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Yes

Organic compounds all contain carbon. When these

decay, they release carbon dioxide. (In the absence of

oxygen, decay may result in the production of

methane).


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Question 8

In the growth of a plant cell, what causes the cell to

increase in size?

(a) Expansion of the vacuole

(b) Division of the nucleus

(c) Formation of a new cell wall

(d) Increase in the amount of cytoplasm

Question 9


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Yes.The vacuole absorbs water by osmosis and pushes the

cell wall outwards while it is still plastic


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No

Division of the nucleus precedes cell division but

does not increase the size of cells


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No

A new cell wall is formed before cell expansion takes

place, but the cell wall remains plastic till expansion is

complete


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No

In the course of cell division, new cytoplasm is

formed but this precedes any cell enlargement.


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Question 9

Which of these alternatives is the correct sequence of

events when we breathe in?

(a) The lungs fill with air and push down the

diaphragm and expand the rib cage.

(b) Muscles pull the ribs upwards and outwardsand cause the lungs to expand

(c) The diaphragm is lowered, the ribs are pulled

downwards and air is drawn into the lungs

(d) The diaphragm is lowered, the rib cage is

expanded and air is drawn into the lungs.

Question 10


44/103

No

Air cannot enter the lungs unless they are first made

to expand


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Partly right

The movement of the rib cage does draw air into the lungs

but this is not the main force responsible


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No.

If the ribs are pulled downwards, this will reduce the

volume of the thorax and counteract the effect of the

diaphragm


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Yes

These two movements increase the volume of the

thorax and cause air to be drawn into the lungs.

The rib movements do not usually come into playexcept for deep breathing as in taking exercise.


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Question 10

In the process of active transport, substances move into a cell

(a) by osmosis

(b) by simple diffusion

(d) down a diffusion gradient

(c) against a diffusion gradient

Question 11


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No

Osmosis refers only to the diffusion of water


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No.Substances can enter the cell by diffusion but this is not

active transport


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Yes

Active transport enables a cell to take up substances

against a diffusion gradient. This requires the

expenditure of energy.


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No

Substances could enter a cell by diffusion down a

diffusion gradient but this is not active transport


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Question 11

Tooth decay is caused principally by

(a) plaque

(d) sugar

(c) bacterial activity

(b) failure to brush the teeth regularly

Question 12


54/103

Plaque is a coating which forms round the teeth. It containsbacteria but the plaque itself is not responsible for tooth

decay

No


55/103

Regular brushing does help to remove plaque and the bacteriait contains, but failure to brush regularly is not itself a cause of

decay.

The principal value of brushing is the prevention of gum

disease.

No


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Yes.

The bacteria flourishing in the plaque release acids which

cause the cavities in the teeth


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The bacteria on the tooth surface metabolise sugar andproduce the acids which cause cavities, but sugar itself

is not a cause of decay.

No


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Question 12

The cell labelled A is bestdescribed as

Section through a leaf

A1mm

(d) an epidermal cell

(c) a palisade cell

(b) a mesophyll cell

(a) a leaf cell

Question 13


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CellA is certainly a leaf cell but this is not a precise

enough description

No


60/103

CellA is a mesophyll cell but so are all the cellsenclosed by the upper and lower epidermis (except for

the vascular tissue). This is not a precise enough

description

Yes but .


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Yes

CellA is a palisade cell, or better still, a palisade

mesophyll cell. Most of the photosynthesis in the leaf

takes place in these cells.


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No

The epidermal cells form the outer layers of the leaf


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Question 13

Acute shortage of oxygen in lakes and rivers is caused by

(d) excessive growth of algae

(c) excess nitrate and phosphate

(b) the oxygen demand by the excess of

decaying plant material

(a) eutrophication

Question 14


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Eutrophication refers to a high level of nutrients in a body of

water. It may cause excessive algal growth but is not a direct

cause of oxygen depletion

No


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YesThe oxygen demand of an excess of decomposing plant

material, e.g. algae, is the immediate cause of the reduction

in the oxygen content of the water in lakes and rivers.

The excess of plant material is the result of eutrophication


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Eutrophication results from high levels of nitrate andphosphate in the water. But although this encourages

excessive algal growth it does not inevitably lead to

oxygen depletion.

No


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The excessive growth of algae is not itself a cause ofoxygen depletion.

No


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Question 14

Which of the following statements are correct?

In moving through each trophic level in a food chain e.g.

producers 1storder consumers 2ndorder consumers etc

(a) the number of organisms increases

(b) energy is lost

(c) the number of organisms is reduced

(d) plants are eaten by animals

Question 15


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No

In many cases the number of organisms at each level

decreases


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Yes

At each trophic level, the organisms lose energy as a result

of their living processes. This means that less energy is

available to the next trophic level


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Partly correct

The number of organisms at each trophic level usually

decreases but there are exceptions. For example a single

oak tree may support a population of hundreds of

caterpillars.

It is the total biomass which decreases.


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No

At the first trophic level plants may be eaten by

animals but at succesive levels it is a case of animals

eating animals, e.g. barn owls eating voles.


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Question 15

A student sets up this experiment to investigatewhether germinating seeds take up oxygen. The

experiment is inadequately designed because

germinating

seeds

soda-

lime

(d) the volume of O2 taken up will be

the same as the volume of CO2 given

out

(c) there is no temperature control

(b) there are not enough seeds

(a) there is no control experiment

Question 16


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This is a serious fault in the design. There should be an

identical experiment with dead seedlings to establish thatany oxygen uptake is the result of a living process in the

seedlings

Yes


75/103

The student might get quicker results if there were more

seedlings but this is not a fault in the experimental design

No


76/103

Without a any form of temperature control the apparatuswill behave like an air thermometer. Any change in the

temperature will cause the air in the flask to expand or

contract and affect the level of the liquid in the delivery

tube

If the flask was in a container of water, temperature

fluctuations would be very much reduced

Yes


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The volume of carbon dioxide given off will be the same as

the volume of oxygen taken up but the soda lime absorbs

the carbon dioxide.

No


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Question 16

The composition of blood leaving the kidney will differ from

that entering the kidney by having

(d) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, more glucose, less

salt and urea

(c) more oxygen, less carbon dioxide, less salt and urea

(b) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, less salt and urea

(a) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, more salt and urea

Question 17


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No

Respiration in the kidneys will use oxygen and

produce carbon dioxide but urea and salt are

removed by the kidneys


80/103

Yes

Respiration in the kidneys uses oxygen and produces

carbon dioxide. The energy released is used to remove

urea and excess salt


81/103

No

Respiration in the kidneys reduces the oxygen

concentration in the blood and increases the carbon

dioxide concentration


82/103

No

This is mainly correct but the glucose concentration will

not be increased in blood leaving the kidney. In fact it is

likely to be reduced as a result of respiration


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Question 17

For photosynthesis to take place, a green plant needs

(d) Carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and water

(b) Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and minerals

(a) Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight

(c) Carbon dioxide, oxygen, chlorophyll and water

Question 18


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Yes

All these are needed for photosynthesis to take place


85/103

No

Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis.

Minerals are not needed for photosynthesis itself but are

used to help convert the glucose into other products


86/103

Oxygen is not needed for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis produces oxygen

Sunlight, however, is needed

No


87/103

Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis to takeplace

No


88/103

Question 18

Which of the following compounds would you classify as

an enzyme?

(d) Calciferol

(c) Adenine

(b) Sucrase

(a) Sucrose

Question 19


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NoTheose ending tells you that the compound is a sugar


90/103

YesThease ending indicates that the compound is an

enzyme.

This enzyme. sucrase, acts on sucrose and converts

it to glucose and fructose


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No

Adenine is an organic base. It occurs in DNA

and RNA and a number of other compounds. It

is not an enzyme


92/103

NoCalciferol is Vitamin D. It is not an enzyme

Question 19


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Question 19

Which of the following are good sources of protein?

(d) Potato

(c) Baked beans

(b) Banana

(a) Herring

Question 20


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Yes.

Herring are an excellent source of protein having 16g protein

per 100 g fish.

They are also a valuable source of unsaturated fats andvitamin E


95/103

No

Bananas have only 1g protein per 100g fruit. They

provide mainly carbohydrate


96/103

Yes

Though not as good as herring, baked beans in tomato

sauce provide 6g protein per 100g beans


97/103

No

Potatoes provide mainly carbohydrate in the form of

starch. They contain only 1.4g protein per 100g potato


98/103

Question 20

In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria which can convert nitrogenin the air into nitrates are called

(d) nitrogen-fixing bacteria

(c) nitrite bacteria

(b) denitrifying bacteria

(a) nitrate bacteria


99/103

No

Nitrate bacteria convert nitrites in the soil to

nitrates


100/103

No

Denitrifying bacteria break down nitrates in the

soil and release atmospheric nitrogen


101/103


102/103

Yes

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can use nitrogen in the air to

produce nitrates. These bacteria are found mostly in the

root nodules of plants of the pea and bean family

(leguminous plants)


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