Interactive Distributed Generation for Demand Response Wayne Hartmann; VP, Marketing...
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Transcript of Interactive Distributed Generation for Demand Response Wayne Hartmann; VP, Marketing...
Interactive Distributed Generation
for Demand ResponseWayne Hartmann; VP, [email protected]
www.powersecure.com919-556-3056
Town Meeting: July 13-14, 2009 Washington DC
2
Discussion Topics
• What is “Interactive Distributed Generation?”
• How can IDG be used as a DR Tool?
• Why Employ IDG in the DR Tool Set?
• Making IDG Happen
3
What is IDG?• Use of a Customer’s on-site
distributed generation (DG) for DR purposesDG size typically 250-5,000kWEmploy Reciprocating Engine Technology
• Single or multiple engine generators
Connected to the distribution system
• Interactive (the “I” in IDG)DG is under Utility control for a DR callDG is monitored for reliability
IDG in DR RoleWithout IDG
With IDG
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5
IDG: Typical Installation
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Dispatching & Monitoring
Broadband typically used as communication mediumNo SCADA Additions/Modifications Needed !!!
IDG Turnkey Application
LOAD
UTILITY
Existing Facility Facility with Generator and Switchgear/Controls Added
LOAD
UTILITY
G
G
M
8
IDG Retrofit Applications
LOAD
UTILITY
Existing Facility Facility Retrofit with Switchgear/Controls for Parallel Generator Operation
G
EMERGENCY LOAD
LOAD
UTILITY
E
G
G
EMERGENCY LOAD
M
LOAD
UTILITY
G
LOAD
UTILITY
G
G
M
Existing Facility Facility Retrofit with Switchgear/Controls for Parallel Generator Operation
Aka: “Harvesting”
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IDG: How Used for DR
• Relieves Customer load by:Load management (peak shaving)Complete load curtailment
• IDG provides seamless operation IDG is paralleled with UtilitySoft Customer & Utility
unloading/reloadingDoes not disturb Customer’s process or
business IDG also provides Standby Power
Load Management
LOAD
UTILITY
G
G
M
WL
WU
WG P
ower
Facility Demand
Generator OutputUtility Import
Time
Load Management Period
Utility Import
Generator Starts, Synchronizes and
Picks Up Load Generator Breaker Opens, Generator Shuts
Down
Generator Unloads
CompleteLoad Curtailment
LOAD
UTILITY
G
G
M
WL
WU
WG P
ower
Facility Demand
Generator OutputUtility Import
Time
Complete Load Curtailment Period
Main Breaker to Utility Opens
Main Breaker to Utility Closes,
Generator Unloads
Generator Starts, Synchronizes and Picks Up Load
Generator Breaker Opens, Generator Shuts Down
Why Employ IDG for DR?• Peak Load
Management• Defer T&D Build Out
– Address Distribution “Hot Spots”
– Address Transmission Constraints
• Utility Does Not Own the Asset– Customer Owns the
Asset– No Cap & Trade Issues
• Dispatchable by the Utility
• “Harvesting” Lowest $/kW for Firm Capacity
• Future:– Address Distribution
Constraints– Intelligent
Grid/MicroGrid Capability
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Sustainability & Losses: Conventional Power Delivery
TransmissionLosses
SubtransmissionLosses
DistributionLosses
Bulk Generation Asset
Load
525 kVA
500 kVA
•Losses typically 3-7%•5% used in this example
Sustainability & Losses: IDG for DR
TransmissionLosses
SubtransmissionLosses
DistributionLosses
Bulk Generation Asset
LoadIDG
500 kVA 500 kVA
•Heat rates (efficiency) of modern engine/gensets applied in IDG systems are as good if not better than combustion turbines (CTs) [1,2].
• IDG capacity has a heat rate of 9,800 btu/kWh saving approximately 2,200 btu/kWh of fuel input compared to the overall peak power generation portfolio published by eGrid [3].
[1] California Energy Commission; http://www.energy.ca.gov/distgen/equipment/reciprocating_engines/reciprocating_engines.html
[2] California Energy Commission; http://www.energy.ca.gov/distgen/equipment/combustion_turbines/combustion_turbines.html
[3] http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html
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Sustainability• The amount of demand reduction can be precisely matched with the proper amount of dispatched IDG
Maximum efficiency of each IDG is maintained
• IDG can be started and fully loaded within 30 seconds
Only small amounts of fuel are consumed without realizing power output and demand/load reduction.
• IDG are considered spinning reserve while stopped!
Tremendous Green House Gas Savings and Carbon Footprint Reduction
Avoids 15% Reserve Capacity Over-Build Requirement
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Sustainability
• IDGs can operate as bi-fuelUse mixtures of diesel and clean-burn natural gas to
reduce emissions
• IDGs can utilize waste methane and biodiesel
• IDGs can be fitted with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to further limit emissions in regions where emissions are restricted
This is true for new installations and retrofitting of existing engine/gensets
• IDG can be applied to firm Renewables
Availability, Firmness, Reliability• Many IDGs have greater reliability than a small
group of CTs A failure of one or even a few IDGs only impacts the
demand reduction capability associated with those failed systems…...the others relieve load.
• IDG systems have an availability of over 96.5% [1]• CTs have typically an availability rate of 90-95% [2]
• Monitoring keeps availability high
• IDGs can pick up load in 30 seconds
• IDGs use control implementations that will pick up as much of a Customers’ load as the generation will allow Dynamic setpoint for non-export
[1] PowerSecure operating experience from >850MW of aggregated IDG[2] European Commission Research; ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/eesd/docs/ev260901_poster_came-gt.pdf
Prebound-Rebound Effect:Signaled Passive DR
No Prebound-Rebound Effects:Signaled IDG-based DR
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Making IDG for DR Happen• Be open to it; employ a holistic view
• Have rate structures and programs that support it Shared Savings, Lease, other Premium Power, Emergency Power, other Programs
• Train CI&I Account Managers to suggest IDG as a rate reduction tool to Customers
• Approach 24/7/365 power users for Greenfield or Harvesting applications Data centers, hospitals, waste water, institutional,
mission critical manufacturing, municipal services, hotels, food stores, refrigerated warehouses
• Have DG interconnection processes in place
Interactive Distributed Generation for Demand Response
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Thank You
Questions?Questions?
Town Meeting: July 13-14, Washington DC
Interactive Distributed Generation for Demand Response