Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of...
-
Upload
lora-marsh -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of...
![Page 1: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interactions Among Living Things
![Page 2: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Adapting to the Environment
• Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.
• Adaptations of organisms in the desert ecosystem create unique roles for each organism.
![Page 3: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Niche
• The special role an organism plays within a habitat.
• Helps reduce competition for food and other resources.
• Includes:– Type of food organism eats– How and where it obtains food– Which other species use the organism as food– Physical conditions it requires
![Page 4: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bay-Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree
Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches
Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree
Spruce tree
3 Species of Warblers & Their Niches
![Page 5: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Relationships Between Populations
• 3 Types of Interactions Among Organisms– Competition– Predation (Predator & Prey)– Symbiosis
• These are density-dependent limiting factors
![Page 6: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Competition
• Struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
• Ex. Some plants use chemicals to ward off their competition. Release toxic or poisonous, chemicals to prevent them grow growing near their space.
![Page 7: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Predation
• One organism kills and eats other organism• Predator
– Organism that does the killing– Adaptations: Speed, hearing, etc.
• Prey– Organism that is killed.– Adaptations: Camouflage, protecting covering, warning
color, mimicry
![Page 8: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Effect of Predation on Population Size
![Page 9: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Symbiosis
• Relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
• Types of Symbiotic Relationships– Mutualism (+, +)
• Both species benefit• Ex. Bacteria in intestine
– Commensalism (+, 0)• One helped, one neither helped nor harmed• Ex. Bird and tree
– Parasitism (+, -)• One helped (parasite), one hurt (host)• Ex. Tapeworm and you
![Page 10: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of Limiting Factors
• Density – Dependent Limiting Factor–How much they affect the population is
influenced by how big the population is.
–Ex. Competition for food, water, habitat
• Density –Independent Limiting Factor–How much they affect the population is not
influenced by how big the population is.
![Page 11: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Density Independent Limiting Factors
• Severe weather
• Global disaster
• Fire
![Page 12: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What are Some Possible Explanations for this Population Graph?
![Page 13: Interactions Among Living Things. Adapting to the Environment Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/5697c01f1a28abf838cd1989/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Summary Questions
• Name and define the three major types of interactions among organisms.
• List the three types of symbiosis. For each one, explain how the two organisms are affected.
• How are parasitism and predation similar? How are they different?