Interaction17 | Designing to Combat Misinformation

Interaction17 Feb. 8, 2017

Designing to Combat Misinformation

Chelsey Delaney Director of Digital User Experience, Planned Parenthood Federation of America

Designing to Combat Misinformation | Interaction17 2

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Digital Product Lab

DISCLAIMER


Designing to Combat Misinformation | Interaction17

Misinformation The action of misinforming or condition of being misinformed; false or incorrect information with neutral intent

Disinformation The action of disseminating deliberately false information; intentionally false or misleading information

Propaganda Biased information used to promote a political cause or point of view; information can be false or true

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1920 x 1020


Misinformation is nothing new.


The state of digital data and information.

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Typical users. • Weak search and research skills. • Lack of focus. • Lack of patience. • Only refine search strategy 1% of the time. • Insufficient judgment around relevant vs.

irrelevant results and information.


Ironically, the better search gets, the more dangerous it gets as people increasingly assume that whatever the search engine coughs up must be the answer … It’s sad to think of the vast number of patients who get misleading medical guidance from the Internet because the main search engines currently prioritize popular sites instead of useful ones … We must design for the way the world is, not the way we wish it were.

- Jakob Nielsen

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GOOB Getting out of the building is now getting out of the bubble.


1 2 3Components of Misinformation

How Misinformation Happens

General Tips for Debunking Myths by Design


Piece of Digital Information orMisinformation

Components of misinformation

Homogenous cluster



Homogenous cluster

Echo chamber








Homogenous cluster

Echo chamber

PolarizationPiece of Digital Information orMisinformation









1. Exposure 2. Oversimplification 3. Worldview

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Mere-exposure effect Effect by which people develop a preference for things because they become familiar with them.

Familiarity backfire effect Effect by which familiarity increases the chances of people accepting information as true.

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Exposure

HOW MISINFORMATION HAPPENS


Occam’s razor Philosophic principle that asserts the simplest argument or hypothesis is what is preferred.

Overkill backfire effect Effect by which less information and information that is easier to process is more likely to be accepted as true.

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Oversimplification


Confirmation bias Tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.

Worldview backfire effect Effect by which facts and counter-arguments to a person’s strongly held beliefs only serve to reinforce those beliefs.

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Worldview

Case Study: Spot On.

Spot On is a birth control and period tracking mobile app for Android and iOS that empowers users to understand and manage their birth control method, period and cycle.


41% of unintended pregnancies are

a result of inconsistent or incorrect birth control use

5% of unintended pregnancies occur

for those who use birth control consistently

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Design principles and vision

Medically accurate

Educational and informative

Gender neutral and inclusive

Genuine and fun

Supportive and non-judgmental


DAY 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 181 2219 20 21 23

1. First priority message

2. Second priority message

3. Third priority message

2724 25 26 28

DISPLAY

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

2. Get your

ovulation

test ready!

Fertile

window is

starting

soon

1. Fertile

day!

2. Input

your info 1. Your

fertile is

closing!

Until next

time...

2. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

2. Unless

your

pregnant,

your period

is on its way!

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

1. Fertile

window!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Peak

fertile day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Peak

fertile day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Fertile

day!

2. Ovulation

test?

3. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

1. Input

your info

2. (Period)

1. Input

your info

2. (Period)

PREGNANCY CYCLE EXAMPLE (NO CALENDAR METHOD APPLIED)

COMMENTS

Period / Start of cycle Could be fertile Fertile window All clear

Ovulation

Period / Start of cycle

CM data not available during menstruation. BBT

will drop slowly / remain relatively stable during

menstruation. Majority of the time, women’s

temperatures will be 97.0-97.7 in the follicular

phase.

For BBT-only

users, these

days

(pre-ovulatory)

would also be

considered

fertile.

BBT signals the start of ovulation with a temperature rise

of at least .4 degrees.

Sometimes, this temperature rise can be predicted by a

temperature fall of at least .2 degrees the day prior

(shown here).

Fertile period ends three days after the start of ovulation.

CM

STANDARD DAYS

OVULATION TEST

BBT

CM (TWO-DAY METHOD)

• Dry, scarce

• Cloudy, sticky

• Wet, stretchy, slippery

• Thick, sticky

Circles represent beads.

Red = Start of period

Blue = Pregnancy unlikely

Orange = Fertile days

• Negative (-)

• Positive (+)

• Unclear

Did I notice secretions today?

98.3

98.2

98.1

98.0

97.9

97.8

97.7

97.6

97.5

97.4

97.3

97.2

97.1

97.0

(Period)

(Period)

(Period)

(-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)(+) (+)

(Period)

Did I notice secretions yesterday? NO

`

97.8

97.7 97.7

97.6

97.5

97.4

97.5

97.7

97.6 97.6

97.5

97.4

97.5

97.2

97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8

97.9 97.9 97.9

98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0

98.1 98.1

(Period) (Period) (Period) (Period) (Period)

DRY THICK, STICKY

DRYDRYDRYDRYDRYDRYDRYDRYDRYDRY

NO NO NOYES

YESNONO

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NONO

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

WET, STRETCHY,SLIPPERY

CLOUDY, STICKY

(Period)

(Period)

FERTILE WINDOW

Temperatures are typically higher in the luteal phase:

97.8 - 98.3

Upon further investigation …



Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. https://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/Debunking_Handbook.pdf

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https://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/Debunking_Handbook.pdf

/Users/friedjen/Downloads/Archive

3/JPGs/3_Birdie_Modal_10.jp

g

/Users/friedjen/Downloads/Comps/

Spot On_9.png /Users/friedjen/Downloa/Users/

friedjen/Downloads/Comps/Spot On_10.png

ds/Comps/Spot On_9.png


1. Exposure to medically inaccurate information about fertility, ovulation and the menstrual cycle.

2. Oversimplification of the menstrual cycle + birth control.

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Case Study: Spot On Challenges


Case Study: Spot On Solutions

1. Commit to accuracy and clarity.

2. Learn the source of the misinformation.

3. Address the truth — not the myth.

4. Engage users in contextual education.

Case Study: Global Mobile.

Global Mobile is an effort to bring reliable, sexual and reproductive health information to young people around the world via mobile responsive sites, beginning with a pilot called Da Subject Matter in Nigeria.


62% of young Nigerian women lacked

knowledge of any sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

18% of young Nigerian women correctly identified how to

avoid getting HIV/AIDS

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Sampson, Melodi. "Youth Reproductive and Sexual Health in Nigeria." Advocates for Youth: http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1450-youth-reproductive-and-sexual-health-in-nigeria

http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1450-youth-reproductive-and-sexual-health-in-nigeria


Toilet infections

Lagos, Nigeria SERP NYC, U.S. SERP


The information-seeking process How users search

Example: Berry-Picking Behavior Model

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A lesson from Blue Waffle Disease

Strategies

Isolated intervention point

“The Truth About …”

Clear paths to alternate, detailed explanations


1. Exposure to misinformation that’s culturally reinforced outside the digital space.

2. Oversimplification of the nuances of infections and diseases due to lack of sexual health information.

3. Worldview and confirmation bias reinforce “don’t know what you don’t know.”

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Case Study: Global Mobile Challenges


Case Study: Global Mobile Solutions

1. Understand the full scope of the users’ “bubble.”

2. Offer interactions as interventions.

3. Introduce subtle misinformation “warning” words.

4. Guide users to a better path.

Some final advice.


GOOB Get out of the bubble.


Thank you!Designing to Combat Misinformation Interaction17 Chelsey Delaney, Director of Digital User Experience Planned Parenthood Federation of America


References

Sampson, Melodi. "Youth Reproductive and Sexual Health in Nigeria." Advocates for Youth: http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1450-youth-reproductive-and-sexual-health-in-nigeria

"Guides: Evaluating Information: Propaganda vs. Misinformation." John Hopkins University, 28 Nov. 2016. http://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=202581&p=1334961

Nielsen, Jakob. "Incompetent Research Skills Curb Users' Problem Solving." Nielsen Norman Group, 11 Apr. 2011. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/incompetent-search-skills/

Vicarioa, Michela Del, Alessandro Bessi, Fabiana Zollo, Fabio Petroni, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, and H. Eugene Stanley. "The Spreading of Misinformation Online." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 19 Jan. 2016. http://www.pnas.org/content/113/3/554.full.

Bessi, Alessandro, Mauro Coletto, George Alexandru Davidescu, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, and Walter Quattrociocchi. "Science vs Conspiracy: Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation." PLOS, 23 Feb. 2015. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0118093.

Stafford, Tom. "Future - How to Debunk Falsehoods." BBC News. BBC, 18 Nov. 2014. http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20141113-the-best-way-to-debunk-myths.

Boskey, Elizabeth, PhD. "Is Blue Waffle Really an STD?" VeryWell. 7 Oct. 2016. https://www.verywell.com/is-blue-waffle-really-an-std-3132644.

Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. https://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/Debunking_Handbook.pdf

http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1450-youth-reproductive-and-sexual-health-in-nigeria

http://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=202581&p=1334961

https://www.nngroup.com/articles/incompetent-search-skills/

http://www.pnas.org/content/113/3/554.full

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0118093

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20141113-the-best-way-to-debunk-myths

https://www.verywell.com/is-blue-waffle-really-an-std-3132644

https://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/Debunking_Handbook.pdf

Interaction17 | Designing to Combat Misinformation

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