INTER ASEAN COUNTRIES MIGRATION: NEW CHALLENGE FOR ASEAN COMMUNITY IN GLOBAL ERA

Syaifudin Zakir Department Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Sriwijaya University Palembang syaifudinzakir@yahoo.com; szakir@unsri.ac.id

Presentation Outline:

• Introduction

• The Problem

• Review of Related Literatures

• Discussion

• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

• ASEAN success story in economic development invited communities around the region to move and to migrate for better employment or better education

• People seek employment inside home country (internal migration) or outside their origin countries (International Migration).

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• ASEAN as one of the prominent area has become a new arena for urban development to accommodate the national, regional, and international activities.

• Development activities in some ASEAN cities depend on the availability of migrant labor, as a consequence, most of the construction workers, and care giver, and some cities/countries really exported from the neighborhood country both inside or outside of ASEAN region.

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• Some consequences of the migrant workers not only for the success of the development project itself, but also affected the swift pace of the migration of workers for being away from hometown in a relatively long period of time.

• This situation will also be a economically, social justice, and psychological impact on the individual strain requires adaptation (coping mechanisms) to the new environment in the workplace, and also demand patterns and better arrangements of the deceased since majority of then are separated from family, and requires a good understanding and proper treatment, and not be a barrier to implementing the activities as a migrant worker.

The Problem:

• What is the best treatment for the migrant workers that the respective country and the destination country of migrant can help the better condition for their activity?

• What are the best conditions of life of migrant workers and precarious labor?

• What is the economic and social justice issues associated with transnational production (such as unionization, decent work, fair globalization, and notions of a living wage)

Portrait of AMW:

Path of Movement:

• Poverty and Unskilled

Coping Mechanism

• Positive (positive adaptations or adjustments): This technique is proactive, trying to get closer to the social environment, in order to obtain social support, channeled through sporting activities, eating nutritious food, adequate amount of sleep, or even followed the pattern of life a relaxed and humorous, meditation and closer to the religion (Brannon, 2009; Robin, 1994; Madders, 1981).

continued• Negative (adaptation or negative adjustments): This

technique is against all the negative symptom and contrary to standard rules, this technique is effective only for short periods of time, attitudes arising from this form of separation techniques, more sensitive , be cautious, avoid tension, even disappearing altogether in an effort to seek resolution alone, alcohol and drugs, being indifferent, even in some stage to demonstrate the attitude of panic, self-blame, even contradictory behavior phobia (Jacofsky, , 2011; Stoeber, 2011).

DISCUSSION

• Migration for work is a significant outcome of the flexibilization of labor, they also are identified as a perfect workforce in the era of neoliberal globalization since they are vulnerable and easily exploited, highly flexible, and, often, expendable, since they are majority unskilled and semiskilled labor migrants.

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• The feminization of migrant labor matches a more general pattern of the incorporation of women into the workforce in Asia, this pattern will bring the impact of precarity on gender relations and families.

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Resistance: Some finding of the migrant worker indicate state control of migrant labor was breaking down as international agendas of trade policy, human rights, and worker solidarity challenged patterns of worker subordination.

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Precarious Work – Precarious and “nonstandard” work arrangements have

proliferated, work becoming more insecure, dirty, dangerous, and degrading.

– Precarious and nonstandard work involves the use of putting-out systems, in-house contracted labor, irregular employment, competitive work teams, and migrant workers. These forms of labor were outlined in a range of contributions. New labor laws and regulations were created to legalize the new arrangements, resulting in greater social precarity and economic insecurity.

Conclusion

• ASEAN migrant worker still need the improvement in term of regulation and treatment for both in the respective country and the destination country of migrant, since they still locate only as a part of production, and ignoring as the human being with social, cultural, political, and the complexity of dreams and ideas of better condition in the country of destination.

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• The life conditions of migrant workers also put them not as the source of overseas income through the remittance but sometime they were treated as the slave and precarious labor with no proper protection.

• They are in the vulnerable position, since economically marginalized for the standard payment and lack of social justice, especially related to the social justice issues associated with transnational production such as unionization, decent work, fair globalization, and notions of a living wage.

• Looking at the Indonesian case of overseas migrant worker, in term of gender protection, the female migrant worker seems to be more risky compare with the male migrant worker.

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