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Edwin C. Atabay and Eufrocina P. AtabayReproductive Biotechnology and Physiology Unit

Philippine Carabao Center, Science City Of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

Presented during the 19th Dairy Congress and ExpoDumaguete City, April 13-15, 2016

Intensified Reproductive Management

Program for Dairy

Theoretical Framework:

GAPS/Concerns

• Low AI efficiency /conception rate

• Poor estrus manifestation and detection

• Breeding Seasonality

• High incidence of acyclic/ anestrus and anovularanimals

• Estrus Synch and AI techniques

• Long Calving interval

• Low Reproductive Efficiency

• Costly dairy production

INTERVENTIONS

• Good Nutrition

• Good Animal Health Care

• Effective Breeding/

Reproductive Management Program

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

• ↑ AI efficiency

• ↑Animal Productivity

• ↑ Milk Production

• ↑income

• Vibrant Dairy Industry

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Intensified Reproductive Management

Program for Water Buffaloes: The Triple E Strategy: Formula

• Enhancing Pregnancy RateEPR

• Early Pregnancy DetectionEPD

• Effective Rebreeding Program

ERP

Animal

Productivity,

Reproductive

EfficiencyEPR EPD ERP

Enhancing

Pregnancy

Rate

Early

Pregnancy

Diagnosis

Effective

Rebreeding

Program

Ovarian

Physiology

Intensified Reproductive Management

Program for Water Buffaloes: The Triple E Features

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Intensified Reproductive Management

Program for Water Buffaloes:

The Triple E Strategic Framework

What is Fixed Time AI or Timed AI?

• Fixed Time AI is synchronization of ovulation not estrus among animals

• Time of AI is fixed after Ovulation Synchronization

• There is no need for estrus detection,

• Tight synchrony of ovulation,

• PGF2-based + GnRH

• OVYSYNCH PROTOCOL is the original ovulation synchronization developed to improve reproductive efficiency in cattle (Pursely et al, 1995),

• Since then, various protocols evolved and up until now researches are actively pursued to further increase FTAI efficiency.

• The reason for the tremendous progress of the dairy industry in the US

• Revolutionized the meat industry in Brazil

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Conventional AI vs Fixed Time AI

Conventional AI FTAI

• Synchronization of

estrus

Synchronization of

ovulation

• Needs close heat

observation

Does not need estrus

detection

• Uses PGF2 alpha PGF2 + GnRH

• Ovulation duration :

variable

short

• Lower pregnancy Higher pregnancy

Applications of FTAI in Buffaloes

• Use in repeat breeders/dairy animals

• Managing difficult breeding in heifers

• Creating a contemporary herd, in PC/native buffaloes

for managing breeding and performance data.

• Possibility of facilitating year-round calf and milk

production

• Enhance related reproductive technologies such as

MOET where FTAI is part of the program.

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FTAI Protocol for Cycling Animals: FTAI Protocol for Cycling Animals:

OVSYNCH PROTOCOLOVSYNCH PROTOCOL

PROCEDURE :

DAY 0: Inject GnRH to ovulate dominant follicle and start a new

follicular wave (ie: 3-5pm)

DAY7: Inject PGF2a to regress CL (ie:3-5 pm)

DAY9: Inject GnRH to ovulate follicle (ie: 3-5 pm)

DAY 10: Timed AI 14-16h after the second GnRH injection

FTAI Protocol for Non-cycling Animals:

P4-OVSYNCH

PROCEDURE:PROCEDURE:DAYDAY--0: Insert 0: Insert P4 and P4 and inject GnRH inject GnRH

DAYDAY--7: Remove 7: Remove P4 and P4 and Inject with Inject with PGF2aPGF2aDAYDAY--9: Inject 9: Inject 22ndnd GnRH GnRH to ovulate follicle to ovulate follicle DAY DAY 10: 10: Timed Timed AI (am and pm) 14AI (am and pm) 14--16 16 hrhr after the after the second GnRH injectionsecond GnRH injection

Day 0 Day 9Day 7

GnRH

+

P4

PGF2 alpha

Removal P4

Progesterone

GnRH

Day 10/11

Ovulation

1614-16h

AI

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Major FTAI Activities

Follicular Development and

Endocrine Profile of Ovulation and FTAI Protocols

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0

10

20

30

40

50

0

5

10

15

20

4/1 4/8 4/15 4/22 4/29 5/6 5/13

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PGF2α

���

PGF2α

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PGF2α

���

ΑΙ

��

4/4

PGF2α

4/7 4/9 4/15

PGF2α

4/17 4/19 4/24

E2

4/28

FSH 7AU

4/30

FSH 5AU

PGF2α

L

R

Cow No.1

�FSH

P4

E2

Pro

ge

ste

ron

e (

ng

/ml) E

strad

iol (p

g/m

l)

Date No.of L R

4/30 FL 7 8

5/9 CL 8 8

embryo ? ?

CIDR

Characteristics/Parameters of Effective

FTAI Protocol

Must be able to:

• induce estrus (estradiol prod’n)

• achieve the expected ovulatory follicle size

• successfully induce ovulation

• form functional Corpus luteum (CL)

high conception rate

high calf drop

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Transrectal Pregnancy Diagnosis

• Early pregnancy detection

• Embryonic mortality

• Fetal resorption

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DOST-PCAARRD-FUNDED MILK PRODUCTION

PROGRAM

Enhancing Milk Production of Water Buffaloes Enhancing Milk Production of Water Buffaloes

through through S&T S&T InterventionsInterventionsDOSTDOST--PCAARRD/DAPCAARRD/DA--PCC PROGRAMPCC PROGRAM

Program Leader: Dr. Program Leader: Dr. ArnelArnel N. Del BarrioN. Del Barrio

Project Components:

1. Development of Feeding Protocols and Practices to Support the Nutritional

Requirements of Dairy Buffaloes: Dr. Daniel Aquino

2. Development of Reproductive Management Program for Increased

Efficiency of AI in Dairy Buffaloes: Dr. Edwin Atabay

3. Development of Health Care Technologies and Practical Farm Practices in

Support of Increasing Buffalo Milk Production: Dr. Michelle Balbin

4. Milk Quality and Safety Assurance from Farm to Milk Processing Plant:

Ms Mina Abella

5. Strengthening the San Agustin Crossbred Carabao-Based Enterprise

Development (CBED) Model: Dr. Annabelle Sarabia

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The Triple E Strategy:

Research and Development Direction

• Development of Strategic Reproductive Mgt. Program for

livestock:

◊ climate change-responsive, (breeding seasonality)

◊ age group/classification-specific (heifer, post partum)

◊ ovarian structure/condition-specific (with or w/o CL)

◊ production system-specific ( individual, group)

• Expanded utilization of Reproductive Biotechnologies :

Ovum-Pick UP

In Vitro Embryo Production

Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer

Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation

DAIRY

BOOM

Join the Dairy Program Revolution!!!

GATAS PINOY:PAUNLARIN,

TANGKILIKIN, PALAGANAPIN!!!

……..towards a sustainable and globally competitive dairy industry

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LIVESTOCK BIOTECHNOLOGY CENTERPhilippine Carabao Center, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

Contact address:

Eufrocina P. Atabay

Email add: bingay2003@yahoo.com

Mobile No.: 09178133389

Contact address:

Edwin C. Atabay

Email add: atabay22@yahoo.com

Mobile No.: 09175014222