INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

MOTIVATIONS

M. Gams

Definition (scientific):

Intelligent ststem is a system that learns during its existence.

It senses its environment and learns, for each situation, which action permits it to reach its objectives.

It continually acts, mentally and externally, and by acting reaches its objectives.

To reach its objective it has to select its response. A simple way to select a response is to select one that was favorable in a similar previous situation.

Engineering definition: more advanced than current ones.

Intelligent systems

Engineering, invisible intelligencePractical directions, real-life problemsVerified AI methods: rule-based systems, trees,

expert systems, fuzzy systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid systems

Intelligent systems often simulate human bureaucrats, expert systems simulate experts

Motivation ISociety /human civilization is evolving into

more advanced information society: electronic village, informatization, infosphere, electronic services

People are expensive (to buy or maintain), computers cheap: computers work 24 hours a day, no vacations, network accessibility is worldwide, only 3% microprocessors in computers, an average car 16 microprocessors, exponential trend (faster, cheaper, more applications)

Intelligent systems are more friendly, more flexible than classical systems (not truly intelligent, just a bit more than classical)

Motivation II - productivityProductivity increases – more work done with

the same stuff or the same with less stuffNew services – simple reasoning, learning,

adaptation to each single user (on top of faster calculating, fast response time), never frustrated, more constant performance,

Improved quality of work Dumb/rigid classical programs, computers / boring, humans non-constant performers

Cost/benefit favorable for IS for some tasks -too difficult for classical, not too intelligent

Motivation III - benefitsGeneral trends – globalization, decreasing

governmental spending, employment costs Introduction of IS enables restructuring – new

functionality, new regulation; e-government = government over the Internet

hard competition- for each workplace, everybody is evaluated constantly, many candidates for important good jobs

Science, development, technology – additional advantage (information society = science society?)

Motivation IV - bureaucracy

Specificity of bureaucratic tasks (information tasks):

great number of users, repeating tasks, simple tasks, simple structure of tasks, low level of intelligence needed for typical tasks, mostly predefined

Tasks still demand a certain level of understanding, flexibility and reasoning capabilities

Motivation V – typical tasks

Small improvement – huge benefits US Internal Revenue Service (15 mio letters each year, after introduction of intelligent systems – no. of mistakes/errors from 33% to 10%; elections

More user friendly – better ratingsInternet is very appropriate for I.s. – always

available, everywhere, …

Conclusion

Intelligent systems apply AI methods and introduce intelligent services

IS combine advantages of computer systems (cost, availability) with some human properties (simple engineering intelligence – learning, adapting, reasoning), and achieve better cost/benefit for several tasks

Especially appropriate for mundane bureaucratic tasks in information society