INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND

INFORMATION SOCIETY

M. GamsInstitut Jožef StefanLjubljana University

Intelligent systems

ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

IN. SOCIETY

Major AI applications 30 Manufacturing and design30 Business operations25 Finance12 Diagnostics and troubleshooting12 Claims processing and auditing11 Telephony26 SW, military, space …

Plan

Intelligent systems, agents Artificial intelligenceInformation societyInternet,telecommunicationsHTML, XML, JavaScript, Java, toolsSpeech, communications, multimediaPractical – getting good jobs

Artificial intelligence

Strong – formal well-defined tasks, chess, Church-Turing thesis, academically

cognitive - weakthe brains are the only truly intelligent system; evolution

Engineering, invisible real-life systems, function (money) over fancy ideas; classical versus intelligent modern systems

Relations between AI’s

Intelligent systems

Engineering, invisible intelligencePractical directions, real-life problemsVerified AI methods: rule-based systems, trees,

expert systems, fuzzy systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid systems

Intelligent systems simulate human bureaucrats, expert systems simulate experts

Motivation ISociety /human civilization is evolving into

information society: electronic village, informatization, infosphere, electronic services

People are expensive, computers cheap: computers work 24 hours a day, no vacations, network accessibility is worldwide, only 3% microprocessors in computers, an average car 16 microprocessors, exponential trend (faster, cheaper, more applications)

Intelligent systems are more friendly, more flexible than classical systems (not truly intelligent, just a bit more than classical)

Motivation II - productivityProductivity increases – more work done with

the same stuff or the same with less stuffNew services – simple reasoning, learning,

adaptation to each single user (on top of faster calculating, fast response time), never frustrated, more constant performance,

Improved quality of work Dumb/rigid classical programs, computers / boring, humans non-constant performers

Cost/benefit favorable for I.s. for some tasks -too difficult for classical, not too intelligent

Motivation III - benefitsGeneral trends – globalization, decreasing

governmental spending, employment costs Introduction of I.s. enables restructuring –

new functionality, new regulation; e-government = government over the Internet

hard competition- for each workplace, everybody is evaluated constantly, many candidates for important good jobs

Science, development, technology – additional advantage

Motivation IV - bureaucracy

Specificity of bureaucratic tasks (information tasks) – good and bad:

great number of users, repeating tasks, simple tasks, simple structure of tasks, low level of intelligence needed for typical tasks, mostly predefined

Tasks still demand a certain level of understanding, flexibility and reasoning capabilities

Motivation V – typical tasks

Small improvement – huge benefits US Internal Revenue Service (15 mio letters each year, after introduction of intelligent systems – no. of mistakes/errors from 33% to 10%; elections

More user friendly – better ratingsInternet is very appropriate for I.s. – always

available, everywhere, …

Conclusion

Intelligent systems apply AI methods and introduce intelligent services

I.s. combine advantages of computer systems (cost, availability) with some human properties (simple engineering intelligence – learning, adapting, reasoning), and achieve better cost/benefit for several tasks

Especially appropriate for mundane bureaucratic tasks in information society