Intelligence powerpoint

Intelligence

What is Intelligence?

• According to Sternberg and Sternberg, intelligence is the capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning, and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment (Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012).

• There are many different people that have contributed to this field of study including Carroll, Gardner, and Sternberg(Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012).

(Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012)

Important Contributors towards intelligence

• Carroll- Three-stratum model

• Gardner- Multiple Intelligence model

• Sternberg- The triarchic theory of intelligence


Carroll

• Carroll proposed a model of intelligence that focused on three basic areas including:

-Stratum I: Narrow, specific abilities-Stratum 2: Broad abilities-Stratum 3: Single intelligence

This is the most widely known/accepted model of intelligence. This model is a hierarchy of cognitive abilities.


Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence

• Stratum I:-This stratum includes many skills that are more defined

and specific including skills such as spelling.• Stratum II:

-This stratum focuses on a more broad range of intelligence including short/long term memory, fluid intelligence (speed and accuracy), and

crystallized intelligence (abundance of knowledge). • Stratum III:

-This stratum is at the top of the hierarchy and is most commonly seen as g. This strata is general intelligence.


Gardner

• Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences instead of just a singular intelligence. The multiple intelligence theory proposed eight different types of intelligence including:

-Linguistic-Logical/Mathematical-Musical-Bodily-kinesthetic-Interpersonal-Intrapersonal-Naturalistic-Spatial

("Howard Gardner's Multiple," Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences)


Linguistic Intelligence

What is linguistic intelligence?• The ability to communicate thoughts and ideas

well, speak and write language or new languages.

Careers most associated with linguistic intelligence include:

-Writers-Poets-Communications

("Theories of intelligence," )

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence is:• The ability to perform and solve complex

mathematical problems. Also, the ability to engage in logical arguments/conversations.

Careers most associated with Logical-Mathematical Intelligence include:

-Mathematicians -Math teachers


Musical Intelligence

Musical Intelligence is:• The ability to learn how to read and write

music and play an instrument well. Careers most associated with Musical Intelligence include:

-Composer-Musician


Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence

What is Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence?• The ability to use the body to perform different

tasks in a fluid motion. The ability to run, jump, and dance fluently and with rhythm.

Careers most associated with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence include:

-Dancers-Athletes


Interpersonal IntelligenceInterpersonal Intelligence is:• The ability to connect with others on an emotional level.

The ability to assess a situation and understand and sense how others are feeling, as well as how to handle an emotional situation.

Careers most associated with interpersonal intelligence include

-Teachers-Psychiatrist/Psychologist-Counselors


Intrapersonal Intelligence

What is Intrapersonal Intelligence?• Intrapersonal intelligence is knowing yourself

inside and out. This is the ability to know your own strengths and weaknesses.

Careers most associated with intrapersonal intelligence include:

-Entrepreneur("Theories of intelligence," )

Naturalistic Intelligence

Naturalistic intelligence is:• The ability to work with biology and work with

and around natural settings.

Careers most associated with naturalistic intelligence include:

-Naturalists-Biologists


Spatial Intelligence

What is spatial intelligence?• The ability to visually perceive items such as

reading a map or arranging items to make them fit into a predetermined space.

Careers most associated with spatial intelligence include:

-Navigator-Artist


Objections to Gardner’s Intelligence Theory

• There are some psychologists that disagree with this theory because this view focuses on modularity. Modularity theorists believe that these intelligences can be located in specific areas of the brain but such findings have not been proved with empirical data. Scientists also question the flexibility of an idea of multiple intelligences because of narrow long term memory.


Sternberg• Whereas Gardner focused on specific and separate

areas of intelligence, Sternberg focuses on how all of these intelligence factors work together. People do better when matched for a task in their strongest area of intelligence. Sternberg was more focused on improving overall performance of all three factors.

• The Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence refers to the analytic, creative, and practical aspects of intelligence.


Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence

• Creative abilities: The ability to generate/invent new ideas

• Analytic abilities: The ability to analyze a problem or situation as well as compare

• Practical abilities: The ability to apply techniques to situations and persuade others


Intelligence

There are many psychologists that have studied the realm of intelligence, and the topic is ever

changing. Thanks to Carroll, Gardner, and Sternberg there are three distinct ways to measure intelligence including the Three-Stratum Theory, The Multiple Intelligence

Theory, and the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.

Works Cited• Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences [Web Photo]. Retrieved from

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=NaRU7Mxg7otCoM&tbnid=0dnpt-qtWbqKeM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/356.martin/home&ei=oAu1UfbZJOPk0gHd6YDQAw&bvm=bv.47534661,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFYHoIrjC999H1dxlLaKA4M8kjuPg&ust=1370905660960885

• Sternberg, R., & Sternberg, K. (2012). Cognitive psychology. (6th ed., pp. 17-21). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

• Theories of intelligence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://otec.uoregon.edu/intelligence.htm

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