Intelligence and Mental Abilities
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Intelligence and Mental AbilitiesIntelligence and Mental Abilities
You have to do the best with what God gave
you.
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What is Intelligence?What is Intelligence?
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What is Intelligence?What is Intelligence?It is a concept and not a “thing.”It is socially constructed from cultures.Defined:
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
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What is your intelligence?What is your intelligence?
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Charles SpearmanCharles Spearman
Believed we have ONE general (g) intelligence.
Developed a factor analysis.statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.
Those who score high in one area will typically score high in other areas (i.e. verbal intelligence, spatial or reasoning).
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L.L. ThurstoneL.L. ThurstoneOpposed Spearman.
Identified Seven ClustersWord fluencyverbal comprehensionspatial abilityperceptual speednumerical abilityinductive reasoningmemory
Challenged by other researchers because research was inclusive.
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Theories of Multiple Intelligence
Theories of Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner
Robert Sternberg
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Howard GardnerHoward GardnerIntelligence comes in packages.
Studied people with diminished or exceptional abilities.
Savant syndrome
Eight intelligences
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Success = Success = •Talent •+ Grit
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Robert SternbergRobert SternbergAgrees there are multiple intelligences.
ThreeAnalytical (academic-problem solving) intelligence.
Assessed by IQ testingCreative intelligence
Reacting to situations.Practical intelligence
Everyday tasks
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Another type of intelligence…Another type of intelligence…
• Emotional– Related to Gardner’s concepts of interpersonal and
intrapersonal.– Four major aspects:
• The ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and appropriately.
• The ability to use emotions while thinking.• The ability to understand emotions and use the knowledge
effectively.• The ability to regulate one’s emotions to promote personal
growth.
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How Do We Assess Intelligence?
How Do We Assess Intelligence?
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“The Republic” “The Republic”
• “...no two persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from the other in natural endowments, one being suited for one occupation and the other for another.”
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The Modern Intelligence-Testing
Movement
The Modern Intelligence-Testing
Movement
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The CreatorsThe Creators• Alfred Binet
– 1904, Paris.– Partner: Théodore Simon– School determination.– Based on age (mental age).– Purpose: ID children who needed attention.– Feared that it would be used to label children.
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Stanford-BinetStanford-Binet• Lewis Terman
– 1916, Stanford.– Increased to teenangers/adults.– Based on IQ.
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•William Stern
•Derived the formula.
•Used by Terman.
•Average IQ = 100
Mental Age
IQ TestIQ Test
IQ = x 100
Chronological Age
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TodayToday• Tests represent the test-taker’s
performance relative to the average performance of others the same age.
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DiscriminationDiscrimination
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Modern Testing of Mental Abilities
Modern Testing of Mental Abilities
• Achievement Test• Intended to reflect what you’ve learned• Example: AHSGE, AP Exams
• Aptitude Test• Intended to predict your ability to
learn new skills.• Example: ACT, SAT, GRE
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Most Popular IQ TestMost Popular IQ Test• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
• 11 subtests broken into verbal and performance areas.
• Separate scores.
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
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Principles of Test Construction
Principles of Test Construction
• Must meet three criteria:
(1) Standardized• taken overtime to develop a comparison that becomes
meaningful.
(2) Reliable• yielding dependable testing scores.• retesting.
(3) Valid• the extent to which the test measures or predicts what it
promises.• content validity• predictive validity
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• www.begent.org/intelquiz.htm
• www.alliqtest.com/tests/2/2
• www.alliqtests.com