Intelligence
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Transcript of Intelligence
wechsler has defined intelligence as the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to think rationally, to act purposefully and to deal effectively with the environment
Intelligence
Types of Intelligence
Mechanical intelligence
Abstract intelligen
ce
Social intelligen
ce
Theories of Intelligence
Unitary Theory or Monarchic
Theory
Multifactor Theory or Anarchic Theory
(thorndike)
Spearman's two factor Theory or Eclectic Theory
Group factor theory
(thurstone)
Spearman’s “g” Factor
Mechanical
Spatia l
Logical
Mathematicals
s s
s
E ach ability combines g and s factors
g
Primary mental Abilities
Verbal Comprehensi
on
Word Fluency
Number
SpaceMemory
Perceptual Speed
Reasoning
Intelligence Assessment/tests
On the basis of size
On the basis of medium used
Individual Tests
Paper – pencil Tests
Group Tests
Verbal Tests
Non – Verbal Tests
Performance Tests
Culture Fair Tests
Or
Culture Free Tests
Intelligence Assessment
Alfred Binct (1896) MA vs. CA
Louis Terman (1916)
David Wechsler (1958)
The Stanford-Binet
Alfred Binet(1875-1911) Intelligence scale in 1905 which
involved attention, memory, discrimination and some other simple psychological processes
Scale consisted of 30 items arranged in order of difficulty or complexity
Intelligence Quotient
Stern (1914) devised the intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Shifts the focus to the rate of development
Allows children of different ages to be compared
IQ = (MA/CA) x 100
This ratio no longer used in its literal form
Terman Classification of IQ IQ Classification
140 – 169 Genius
120 –139 Very Superior or Gifted
110 –119 Superior
90 – 109 Average
80-89 Slow Learners
70 –79 Border Line
50 –69 Morons
25 – 49 Imbeciles
Below 24 Idiots
.
Intelligence Testing
(Figure adapted from Anastasi & Urbina, 1997)
Frequency Distribution of IQ Scores
Wechsler Intelligence Scale Composed of two scales:
Verbal and Performance
Subtests
•Five Mandatory Subtests•Information•Similarities•Arithmetic•Vocabulary•Comprehension•One Supplementary Test•Digit Span•This test can be substituted for one of the other tests if and only if the data from a mandatory subtest is missing or invalidated.
Verbal
Scale(Kamphaus, 1993)
Subtests
•Five Mandatory Subtests•Picture Completion•Picture Arrangement•Block Design•Object Assembly•Coding•Two Supplementary Subtests•Mazes•Symbol Search•The Mazes subtest can be substituted for any of the mandatory subtest if the data is missing or invalidated. The Symbol Search can only be substituted for the Coding subtest.
Performan
ce Scale
(Kamphaus, 1993)
Raven's “Culture-Fair” matrices Test
The test has five sets i.e., A, B, C, D, E and each set has 12 patterns.
Total 60 patterns.
Bhatia’s (Alexander) performance Test Koh's block design test Pass along test Pattern drawing test Immediate memory for sound Picture construction test