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----------------------------------------------------------------| || || Intel || || 88888 000 88888 5555555 A || 8 8 0 0 8 8 5 A A || 8 8 0 0 0 8 8 5 A A || 88888 0 0 0 88888 555555 AAAAAAA || 8 8 0 0 0 8 8 5 A A || 8 8 0 0 8 8 5 A A || 88888 000 88888 555555 A A || || 8085A MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary || || || || || || _________ _________ |

| _| \__/ |_ || -- !" |_|" #0|_| $cc %&5$' || _| |_ || -- !( |_|( )*|_| +O, .-- || _| |_ || .-- RESE O |_|) )8|_| +,A -- || _| |_ || .-- SO |_|# )1|_| C,2 %O' -- || _| |_ ________ || -- SI |_|5 )3|_| RESE I4 .-- || _| |_ || -- RAP |_|3 )5|_| REA .-- || _| |_ _ || -- RS 165 |_|1 )#|_| IO/M -- || _| |_ || -- RS 365 |_|8 ))|_| S" -- || _| |_ __ || -- RS 565 |_|* )(|_| R -- || _| |_ __ || -- I4R |_|"0 8085A )"|_| 7R -- || ____ _| |_ || .-- I4A |_|"" )0|_| A,E -- || _| |_ || .-- A0 |_|"( (*|_| S0 -- || _| |_ || .-- A" |_|") (8|_| A"5 -- || _| |_ |

| .-- A( |_|"# (1|_| A"# -- || _| |_ || .-- A) |_|"5 (3|_| A") -- || _| |_ || .-- A# |_|"3 (5|_| A"( -- || _| |_ || .-- A5 |_|"1 (#|_| A"" -- || _| |_ || .-- A3 |_|"8 ()|_| A"0 -- || _| |_ |

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| .-- A1 |_|"* ((|_| A* -- || _| |_ || %n9' $ss |_|(0 ("|_| A8 -- || |______________________| || || ||--------------------------------------------------------------|

The Intel 8085is an 8-bitmicroprocessorintroduced by Intelin 1977. It was binary-

compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080but required less supporting hardware thus

allowing simpler and less e!pensi"e microcomputersystems to be built.

The #$# in the model number came from the fact that the 808$ required only a %$-"olt&'( power supply rather than the %$' -$' and %1)' supplies the 8080 needed. *oth

processors were sometimes used in computers running the+, operating system and

the 808$ later saw use as a microcontroller&much by "irtue of its component countreducing feature(. *oth designs were eclipsed for des/top computers by the compatible

but more capable ilog 80 which too/ o"er most of the +, computer mar/et as well

as ta/ing a large share of the booming home computermar/et in the early-to-mid-1980s.

The 808$ had a "ery long life as a controller. nce designed into such products as the23+tapecontroller and the 'T100"ideo terminal in the late 1970s it continued to ser"e

for new production throughout the life span of those products &generally many times

longer than the new manufacture lifespan of des/top computers(.

Contents4hide5

1 2escription

o 1.1 ,rogramming model

1.1.1 6egisters

1.1.) +ommandsinstructions

1.1.).1 8-bit instructions

1.1.).) 1-bit operations

1.1. Inputoutput scheme

o 1.) 2e"elopment system

) pplications +:-8$ ;amily

< 3ducational =se

$ :imulators

6eferences

7 3!ternal lin/s

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontrollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECtapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100http://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Description%23Descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Programming_model%23Programming_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Registers%23Registershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Commands.2Finstructions%23Commands.2Finstructionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#8-bit_instructions%238-bit_instructionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#16-bit_operations%2316-bit_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Input.2Foutput_scheme%23Input.2Foutput_schemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Development_system%23Development_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Applications%23Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#MCS-85_Family%23MCS-85_Familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Educational_Use%23Educational_Usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Simulators%23Simulatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontrollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECtapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100http://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Description%23Descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Programming_model%23Programming_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Registers%23Registershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Commands.2Finstructions%23Commands.2Finstructionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#8-bit_instructions%238-bit_instructionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#16-bit_operations%2316-bit_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Input.2Foutput_scheme%23Input.2Foutput_schemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Development_system%23Development_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Applications%23Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#MCS-85_Family%23MCS-85_Familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Educational_Use%23Educational_Usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#Simulators%23Simulatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#External_links%23External_links

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[edit] Description

i808$ microarchitecture.

The 808$ is a con"entional "on >eumanndesign based on the Intel 8080. =nli/e the

8080 it had no state signals multiple!ed onto the data bus but the 8-bit data buswas

instead multiple!ed with the lower part of the 1-bitaddress bus&in order to limit thenumber of pins to on-as/able interrupt&T6,( and one e!ternally

ser"iced interrupt &I>T6(. The 6:T n.$ interrupts refer to actual pins on the processor-afeature which permitted simple systems to a"oid the cost of a separate interrupt

controller.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Maskable_interrupthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Maskable_interrupthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_8085_arch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_8085_arch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Maskable_interrupt

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Bi/e the 8080 the 808$ could accommodate slower memories through e!ternally

generated wait states&pin $ 632C( and had pro"isions for 2irect emory ccess

&2( using ?B2 and ?B2 signals &pins 9 and 8(. n impro"ement o"er the8080 was that the 808$ can itself dri"e apieDoelectric crystaldirectly connected to it and

a built in cloc/ generator generates the internal high amplitude two-phase cloc/ signals at

half the crystal frequency &a .1< ?D crystal would yield a .07 ?D cloc/ forinstance(.

[edit] Programming model

Eith a slighly higher integration and a single $' power &using depletion mode load

n:( the 808$ was abinary compatiblefollow up on the 8080 the successor to the

original Intel 8008. The 8080 and 808$ used the same basic instruction setas the 8008&de"eloped by +omputer Terminal +orporation( and they weresource code compatible

with their predecessor. ?owe"er the 8080 added se"eral useful and handy 1-bit

operations abo"e the 8008 instruction set while the 808$ added only a few relati"ely

minor instructions abo"e the 8080 set.

[edit] Registers

The processor had se"en 8-bit registers & * + 2 3 ? and B( where was the 8-bit

accumulator and the other si! could be used as either byte-registers or as three 1-bit

register pairs &*+ 23 ?B( depending on the particular instruction. :ome instructionsalso enabled ?B to be used as &a limited( 1-bit accumulator. It also had a 1-bitstac/

pointerto memory &replacing the 8008@s internal stac/( and a 1-bitprogram counter.

[edit] Commands/instructions

Bi/e in many other 8-bit processors all instructions were encoded in a single byte&including register-numbers but e!cluding immediate data( for simplicity. :ome of them

were followed by one or two bytes of data which could be an immediate operand a

memory address or a port number. Bi/e larger processors it had automatic +BB and

63T instructions for multi-le"el procedure calls and returns &which could e"en beconditionally e!ecuted li/e Fumps( and instructions to sa"e and restore any 1-bit

register-pair on the machine stac/. There were also eight one-byte call instructions &6:T(

for subroutines located at the fi!ed addresses 00h 08h 10h...8h. These were intendedto be supplied by e!ternal hardware in order to in"o/e a corresponding interrupt-ser"ice

routine but were also often employed as fast system calls. The most sophisticated

command was GT?B which was used for e!changing the register pair ?B with the "aluestored at the address indicated by the stac/ pointer.

[edit] 8-bit instructions

ost 8-bit operations could only be performed on the 8-bit accumulator&the register(.

;or dyadic8-bit operations the other operand could be either an immediate "alue

another 8-bit register or a memory cell addressed by the 1-bit register pair ?B. 2irect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Memory_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_compatiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Terminal_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(data_structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_counterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulator_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulator_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Memory_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_compatiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Terminal_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_registerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(data_structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_counterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulator_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic

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copying was supported between any two 8-bit registers and between any 8-bit register

and a ?B-addressed memory cell. 2ue to the regular encoding of the '-instruction

&using a quarter of a"ailable opcode space( there were redundant codes to copy a registerinto itself &' ** for instance( which was of little use e!cept for delays. ?owe"er

what would ha"e been a copy from the ?B-addressed cell into itself &i.e. ' (

was instead used to encode the?BTinstruction &halting e!ecution until an e!ternal resetor interrupt(.

[edit] 16-bit operations

lthough the 808$ was generally an 8-bit processor it also had limited abilities to

perform 1-bit operationsA ny one of the three 1-bit register pairs &*+ 23 ?B( couldbe loaded with an immediate 1-bit "alue &using BGI( incremented or decremented

&using I>G and 2+G( or added to ?B &using 22(. The G+?H operation e!changed

the "alues of ?B and 23. *y adding ?B to itself it was possible to achie"e the sameresult as a 1-bit arithmetical left shift with one instruction. The only 1 bit instructions

that affect any flag is 22 which sets the +C &carry( flag in order to allow for

programmed ) 0$h would put the address 0$0$h on

the 1-bit address bus(. :imilar I-port schemes were used in the 8080-compatible ilog

80 as well as the closely related !8 families of microprocessors.

[edit] De!elopment s"stem

Intel produced a series of de"elopment systems for the 8080 and 808$ /nown as the

,ersonal 2e"elopment :ystem. The original ,2: was a large bo! &in the Intel corporateblue colour( which included a +,= and monitor and used 8 inch floppy dis/s. It ran the

I:I:operating system and could also operate an emulatorpod and 3,6programmer.

The later i,2: was a much more portable unit featuring a small green screen and a $J

inch floppy dis/ dri"e and ran the I:I:-II operating system. It could also accept a second808$ processor allowing a limited form of multi-processor operation where both +,=s

shared the screen /eyboard and floppy dis/ dri"e. In addition to an 8080808$ assembler

Intel produced a number of compilers including ,B-80and,ascallanguages and a set

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/outputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISIS_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point_arithmetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/outputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISIS_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_programming_language

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of tools for lin/ing and statically locating programs to enable them to be burnt into

3,6sand used in embedded systems. The hardware support changes were announced

and supported but the software upgrades were not supported by the assembler usermanual or any other means. t times it was claimed they were not tested when that was

false.

[edit] #pplications

;or the e!tensi"e use of 808$ in "arious applicationsthe microprocessor is pro"ided withan instruction set which consists of "arious instructions such as ' 22 :=* K,

etc. These instructions are written in the form of a program which is used to perform

"arious operations such as branching addition subtractionbitwise logicalandbit shiftoperations. ore comple! operations and other arithmetic operations must be

implemented in software. ;or e!ample multiplication is implemented using a

multiplication algorithm.

The 808$ processor has found marginal use in small scale computers up to the )1stcentury. The T6:-80 odel 100 lineuses a 80+8$. The +:"ersion 80+8$ of the

>:?: 808$ processor hashad se"eral manufacturers and some "ersions &eg.

Tundra :emiconductor +orporation@s +80+8$*( ha"e additional functionality eg. e!tramachine code instructions. ne niche application for the rad-hard "ersion of the 808$ has

been in on-board instrument data processors for se"eral>:and 3:space physics

missions in the 1990s and early )000s including +663: ,olar;:T +luster?3::I:oFourner &ro"er(4)5 and T?3I:. The :wiss company :I used the 808$ and the

808$-) as the +,=s of their ,+1 line ofprogrammable logic controllersduring the

1980s.

:ee alsoA +omparison of embedded computer systems on board the ars ro"ers

[edit] $C%-85 &amil"

The 808$ +,= was only one part of a much larger family of chips de"eloped by Intel for

building a complete system. lthough the 808$ +,= itself was not a great success many

of these support chips &or their descendents( later found their use in combination with the808microprocessor and are still in use today although not as the chips themsel"es but

with their equi"alent functionality embedded into larger'B:Ichips namely the

#:outhbridge# chips of modern ,+s.

8007-6am controller

808$-+,=

81$$-6% I ,orts%Timer

81$-6% I ,orts%Timer

818$-:6

8)0)-2ynamic 6 +ontroller

8)0-2ynamic 6 +ontroller

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_shiftinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_shiftinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_algorithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS-80_Model_100_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRREShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FAST_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluster_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluster_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HESSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/rover/descrip.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-large-scale_integrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-large-scale_integrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-large-scale_integrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_shiftinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_algorithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS-80_Model_100_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRREShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FAST_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluster_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HESSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/rover/descrip.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel_8085&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-large-scale_integrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)

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8)0$-1 f 8 *inary 2ecoder

8)0-3rror 2etection L +orrection =nit

8)07-26 +ontroller

8)10-TTB To : :hifter L ?igh 'oltage +loc/ 2ri"er

8)1)-8 *it I ,ort

8)1-< *it ,arallel *idirectional *us 2ri"er 8)188)19-*us +ontroller

8)))-2ynamic 6 6efresh +ontroller

8))-< *it ,arallel *idirectional *us 2ri"er

8)1-rithmetic ,rocessing =nit

8))-;loating ,oint ,rocessor

8)7-2 +ontroller

8)$1-+ommunication +ontroller

8)$-,rogrammable Inter"al Timer

8)$

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and *osnia and ?erDego"ina4)5 the 808$ processor is popularly used in many introductory

microprocessor courses.

[edit] %imulators

808$ simulators e!ist aplenty for educational use. ;reely a"ailable open source "ariantsinclude H>=:im808$and H:im8$45 wor/ing on both H>=Binu! and Eindows a

freely a"ailable web based simulator &including assembler( can be found here. +losed

source freeware simulators for the icrosoft Ein) platform includeEin8$4