Integumentary System

Chapter 6Integumentary SystemFirst line of defenseStructure classified as a membraneEpidermis epithelial layer

Dermis vascular connective tissue

Subcutaneous layer loose collagen + adiposeThin and thick skinMost is thin surfaceRemainder thick palms, soles

Thick each of the five layers are presentDermal papillae creates fingerprintCell types of epidermisKeratinocytes most important cells 90% - principal structural element

Melanocytes black or brown protection 5%

Langerhans cells immune response defense cytopoesis in marrow help T-cells (trigger for immune system response)Hyperkeratosis

The epidermis contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named: stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum licidum stratum corneumDevelop a saying to remember these layers..BSGLCBest one wins!Epidermis Anatomy - Keratinocyte MaturationEpidermis Anatomy - Keratinocyte Maturation

http://dermatology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/epidermis.htmCell LayersStratum corneum superficial thin squamous (flat) cells dead cytoplasm replaced with keratin membranes thick prevents dehydration first line of defense abnormality (hyperkeratosis)Stratum lucidumKeratinocytes tightly packed and clearNo nucleusCells filled with gel-like eleidin which becomes keraatinEleidin blocks fluid penetrationAbsent in thin skin, but present in thick skinStratum granulosum KeritinizationLipids formed from granules that form waterproof barrier

Stratum spinosumSpiny layer latin spinosus8-10 layers irregularly shaped cellsFound in epidermal layer and rich in RNAProtein - producing

Stratum basalSingle layer

Deepest stratum

Continual mitosis

35 d to surfaceThis is known as the growth layer.The stratum germinativum is composed of the basale/spinosum together.Dermis

Dermis Thicker than epidermis

Blood vessels

Nerves

Papillary layerThin surface of the dermisForms lumpy bumps called dermal papillaLoose connective tissue, collagen, and elastinForms ridgesWell defined on finger tips - gripingfingerprintingAllows for gripingFingerprinting technique:TapePencilPaper two sheetsHistory of fingerprintingHx. brand, tattoo, miame criminals

Levenworth over 800,000 collected early 1900s

Currently - >250 mil.

Fingerprinting stylesA central pocket loop.The double loop.The plain whorl.The loop. A plain arch.The tented arch.An accidental print.*Photos courtesy of Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office.Of InterestThe word forensic science comes from the Greek word 'forum', meaning court of law, so technically forensic science is a type of science that is used in a court of law. Case StudyOn the morning of the 27th December 1996, Patsy Ramsey called the police to report her 5-year-old daughter, Jon Benet Ramsey, missing. The little girl had disappeared from her bedroom...more... To download Flash Player:

Reticular layerThick much more dense in fibrous structureDermisFibrous/collagenous commercially processed from animals is sold as leatherElastin also present ability to rebound abnormal conditions do existDehydration test pinch an inch!An attachment for skeletal/smooth musclesExpression in face skeletalHair follicle response ( arrector pili/smooth muscles) goose flesh, elevation of testicle, erection of nipple creates heatSensory receptors found here transmission of impulsesDermal growth/repairDermis can regenerate from fibroblasts that creates a place where connective tissue is replaced by normal tissueIf normal tissue fails to fill in a scar is left behindLangers cleavage lines help to hide incisions and have a better tendency to remain in tact during healingElastin can be stretched too much and linear markings remain pregnancy tears in elastinAlso known as strae

Thyroidectomy, patellar removal, ganglion cyst, melanoma of the mid forehead25Keloid

Color my World!Melanocytes - Melanin brown or blackConverts amino acid tyrosine into dark pigmentsDepends on genetics, sun exposure, ACTH - pituitaryAbsence albanismCarotene yellow/orangeErythema - vesselsAbnormal changesVitiligo

Cyanosis

Jaundice Vitiligo

Vitiligo

Cyanosis

Erythema

Jaundice

Skin functions:ProtectionSensory perceptionExcretionMovement Vitamin D productionImmunityRegulation of body temp.ProductionLoss ProtectionChemicals

Trauma

Sun exposure

Barrier - surface film, bacteria/fungusVolunteers?Sensory perception:Sensation Sensory organ

Pressure TouchTemperaturePainVibration Movement Elastin content

How much is too much?

Or not enough -Scleroderma

ExcretionSweat from what gland?

Urea, salt, ammonia, uric acid waste products of urinary system and tissue breakdownVitaminD ProductionUV A/B

7-dehdrocholesterol -- colecalciferal

Transferred to liver/kidneys for conversion

Purpose

Summer? Winter?ImmunityT-cells helps to form proteins to fight against microbes

Fungus

BacteriaBody Temperature regulationCircadian Rhythm

Production metabolism

Loss evaporation, radiation, conduction, convectionBurns1st2nd3rd

Assessment Rule of nines/palm

AppendagesHairGrowth begins in-utero (lanugo)Lost before birthReplaced by vellus hair fine, light in color Terminal hair during puberty

Hair grows from the follicleVisible portion shaftCore medullaOuter portion cortexCovering - cuticle

Hair variablesBrown or black melaninRed melanin containing iron

Straight shaft is round and cylindricalWavy flat shaft not as strong

Sebaceous production sebum

Growth inch per month/ lasts 2-6 yearsMale pattern baldnessAlopeciaRogaine

NailsGrows from cuticleLunula little white moonNail bed epithelial tissue, blood vessels, nerve endingsGrowth 0.5mm per weekFingernails grow faster than toesGrowth more rapid in summerOnycholysis

Fungal

Pseudomonas - bacterialPsoriasis

PsoriasisGlands Sudoriferous

Sebaceous

Ceruminous

Abnormalities InfectionsImpetigo - staphylococcus or streptococcus

Tinea - fungus

Warts - virus

Boils - usually staph furuncle/carbuncle

Vascular/inflammatory conditionsDecubitus

Urticaria

Scleroderma

Psoriasis

Eczema

Decubitus Ulcer

E Eczema

Boil furuncle/carbuncle

Dermatitis

Scabies

Strep BJake Strep B

Streptococcus B

Drug resistant Strep B

Growths to watch! Basal cell

Squamous cell

ABCDEs of melanomaABCDEs of Melanoma

Avoid these previous conditions!No tanning beds/prolonged sun exposureSUNSCREEN-review criteriaNo sunburnsCheck yourself! Notice others