Source: Integration of Indian States by V. P. Menon

Integration of Indian States

foundation of modern IndiaPart - II

Integration of Junagadh Area: 8643 sq. km Population: 670,719 (Census of 1941) Hindus: 80% Prime state in Kathiwar No land connectivity to Pakistan Nawab signed accession to Pakistan against the will of citizens India was suggesting referendum

Integration of Junagadh Agitation started by people of Kathiwar Arzee Hukumat: Provisional government by people Sept 1947: Jungadh sent troops to neighboring states 1st Oct 1947: Occupied Mongrol which had acceded to

India India asked for removal of forces, but refused by

Junagadh More than hundred thousands of Hindus fled

Integration of Junagadh Military action decided by India Food supply deteriorated, revenue decreased Nov 1947: Nawab fled to Pakistan with all treasury Forces of Arzee Hukumat occupied various parts of State 7th Nov 1947: Dewan of Junagadh handed over administration to

Arzee Hukumat 9th Nov 1947: Indian government took over administration 13th Nov 1947: Nawab ready to join India

Integration of Junagadh 20th Feb 1948: Referendum in Junagadh

Registered voters: 201457Total votes casted: 190870Votes for Pakistan: 91

Democratization of administration started 1st June 1948: Executive council set up to assist

administration 20th Feb 1949: Administration handed over to Saurashtra

Union

Integration of Jammu and Kashmir

Strategically important state: Himalayan ranges defence Major rivers flowing through the region Connects to middle Asia

Majority Muslims citizens, but Hindu ruler Sheikh Abdullah led ‘National Conference' campaigning against ruler Didn’t accede to India or Pakistan, but Standstill agreement with

Pakistan

Integration of Jammu and Kashmir

Operation Gulmarg: 22nd Oct 1947: Tribal invasion started in Kashmir 24th Oct 1947: Captured Baramula and Power supply to Srinagar was cut Started advance towards Srinagar Operated from bases in Pakistan Obtained high quality military equipment from Pakistan army Pakistan started economic blockade of Kashmir Ghastly atrocities by raiders in Kashmir

Integration of Jammu and Kashmir

24th Oct 1947: Maharaja made desperate appeal to India for help 25th Oct 1947: Indian officials flew to Kashmir 26th Oct 1947: Maharaja signed Instrument of Accession. Military

operation was decided. 27th Oct 1947: Airlift of Indian troops to Srinagar started 8th Nov 1947: Indian forces recaptured Baramula 31st Dec 1947: India formally appealed to U.N. for Kashmir case 1st Jan 1949: Cease-fire ordered by both nations

To be continued…

Next in this series Accession of Hyderabad

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