““INTEGRATING CULTURAL HERITAGE INTOINTEGRATING CULTURAL HERITAGE INTO

NATIONAL DISASTER PLANING, MITIGATIONNATIONAL DISASTER PLANING, MITIGATION

AND RELIEFAND RELIEF””MACEDONIA EXPERIENCEMACEDONIA EXPERIENCE

byby

Lazar SHUMANOVLazar SHUMANOV

ICORP memberICORP member

ICOMOS MacedoniaICOMOS Macedonia

Lazar SHUMANOV

Instead of forewordInstead of foreword

““One poundOne pound before disaster save before disaster save

one hundredone hundred pound after disasterpound after disaster””

Sir Bernard M. FEILDENSir Bernard M. FEILDEN

Lazar SHUMANOV

Risk PreparednessRisk PreparednessCultural heritage created by human activities Cultural heritage created by human activities has existed and, should existhas existed and, should exist in the future, in the future, under conditions of under conditions of permanent and latent permanent and latent

perils,perils, created by both of its human creators created by both of its human creators and the nature.and the nature.

What is our obligation and task about it?What is our obligation and task about it?The task isThe task is as a society and as a profession, as a society and as a profession, both on a national and international level, both on a national and international level, through relevant governmental institutions through relevant governmental institutions and nonand non--governmental associations and governmental associations and

experts, by various forms and methods,experts, by various forms and methods, to to reduce the harmreduce the harm from such permanent from such permanent

dangers/disasters to the greatest possible dangers/disasters to the greatest possible extent.extent.

Lazar SHUMANOV

Did we have directions and recommendations how to fulfill

our task?

Answer is: Yes, we do.

There are on

international and national level?

There are a lot.

Lazar SHUMANOV

On international levelOn international level

The international community i.e. the United The international community i.e. the United Nations, compelled by the great number of Nations, compelled by the great number of natural disasters that caused immense natural disasters that caused immense damage and loss in the population, the damage and loss in the population, the

economy and the cultural heritage, towards economy and the cultural heritage, towards the end of the 1980the end of the 1980’’s adopted the International s adopted the International Decade for Natural Disaster ReductionDecade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR, (IDNDR, 19901990--2000)2000) that urges the member states of that urges the member states of

the UN to adoptthe UN to adopt Strategies, Plans and Strategies, Plans and ProgrammesProgrammes for the preparation of the society for the preparation of the society

to manage the dangers/disasters, harm to manage the dangers/disasters, harm reduction and relief.reduction and relief.

Lazar SHUMANOV

5 main goals of IDNDR on its origin5 main goals of IDNDR on its origin

(1)(1) -- ““improve capacityimprove capacity of each country to of each country to mitigatemitigate the effects of natural disasters the effects of natural disasters --developing countries developing countries –– assessment of assessment of damage potential damage potential ––establishment of early establishment of early warning systems and disaster resistant warning systems and disaster resistant structuresstructures““;;

(2)(2) ““to devise appropriate guidelines and to devise appropriate guidelines and strategiesstrategies for applying existing scientific for applying existing scientific and technical knowledge and technical knowledge -- taking account taking account cultural and economic diversitycultural and economic diversity““;;

Lazar SHUMANOV

5 main goals of IDNDR on its origin5 main goals of IDNDR on its origin

(3) (3) -- ““to foster scientific and engineering to foster scientific and engineering endeavorendeavor aimed and addressing critical gaps aimed and addressing critical gaps in knowledge to reduce loss life and in knowledge to reduce loss life and propertyproperty““;;

(4)(4) –– ““to disseminate existing and new technical to disseminate existing and new technical informationinformation related to measures for the related to measures for the assessment, prediction and mitigation of assessment, prediction and mitigation of natural disastersnatural disasters““;;

(5) (5) -- ““to develop measures for assessment, to develop measures for assessment, prediction, prevention and mitigation of prediction, prevention and mitigation of natural disasters through programs of natural disasters through programs of technical assistance and technology transfer, technical assistance and technology transfer, demonstration projects, demonstration projects, education and education and training,training, and to evaluate the effectiveness of and to evaluate the effectiveness of those programsthose programs““..

Lazar SHUMANOV

It was in eighties of the last century.It was in eighties of the last century.

In that time Cultural Heritage was not In that time Cultural Heritage was not mentioned. mentioned.

During the Decade and after a movement was During the Decade and after a movement was rising to involve the treatment of the Cultural rising to involve the treatment of the Cultural Heritage within relation of disasters, natural or Heritage within relation of disasters, natural or

manman--made. made.

Do we have other international efforts for better Do we have other international efforts for better treatment of Cultural Heritage?treatment of Cultural Heritage?

Yes we do.Yes we do.

Leaders of this treatment are Leaders of this treatment are ICCROMICCROM and and ICOMOSICOMOS and its International Committee and its International Committee ––

ICORPICORP..

Lazar SHUMANOV

Recently ICOMOSRecently ICOMOS--ICORP made efforts to confirm ICORP made efforts to confirm importance of Cultural Heritage inclusion in importance of Cultural Heritage inclusion in National Strategies and Disasters Plans for National Strategies and Disasters Plans for

mitigation and relief.mitigation and relief.

““Recent disasters have shown the need to Recent disasters have shown the need to incorporate the protection of historic incorporate the protection of historic

properties and cultural resources into the properties and cultural resources into the broader disaster broader disaster mitigation strategiesmitigation strategies and and emergency response planningemergency response planning as there have as there have been significant losses in these areas not only been significant losses in these areas not only from the actual disaster, whether natural, or from the actual disaster, whether natural, or manman--made, but also via postmade, but also via post--event demolition event demolition

of these structuresof these structures””. . ICORPICORP

Lazar SHUMANOV

Do we have other efforts on Do we have other efforts on National levelNational levelfor better and appropriate treatment of for better and appropriate treatment of

Cultural Heritage?Cultural Heritage?

Yes, we do.Yes, we do.

MACEDONIA EXPERIENCE MACEDONIA EXPERIENCE

The dangers/disasters for the cultural The dangers/disasters for the cultural heritage have different form and time heritage have different form and time span, irrespective of whether they are span, irrespective of whether they are

man made of natural. From our man made of natural. From our professional experience they exercise professional experience they exercise their influence in a closed cyclical their influence in a closed cyclical

process in three phases (A) process in three phases (A) –– before, (B) before, (B) –– during and (C) during and (C) –– after the after the

danger/disaster.danger/disaster.

Lazar SHUMANOV

If we decide to accept this global If we decide to accept this global

existence of cultural heritage through existence of cultural heritage through

those 3 phases, we could focus our those 3 phases, we could focus our

intention on the obligations, per intention on the obligations, per

particular phases, of the relevant particular phases, of the relevant

factorsfactors--governmental and nongovernmental and non--

governmental institutions and governmental institutions and

associations as well professionals associations as well professionals

dealing with cultural heritage at local, dealing with cultural heritage at local,

national and international levels.national and international levels.

Lazar SHUMANOV

Do Do MacedoniaMacedonia has an actual has an actual

National StrategyNational Strategy for integration of Cultural for integration of Cultural

Heritage into Heritage into Disaster plansDisaster plans for mitigation and for mitigation and

relief?relief?

No, Macedonia donNo, Macedonia don’’t hast has a reala real National Strategy National Strategy

for Integrating Cultural Heritage into National for Integrating Cultural Heritage into National

Disaster Plans for mitigation and relief,Disaster Plans for mitigation and relief, but but

Macedonian governmental and nonMacedonian governmental and non--

governmental institutions and associations governmental institutions and associations

since the beginning of eighties of last century, since the beginning of eighties of last century,

before and after adoption of the DECADE till before and after adoption of the DECADE till

nownow

Lazar SHUMANOV

even though the Republic of Macedonia has no even though the Republic of Macedonia has no National StrategyNational Strategy nor nor National PlansNational Plans for for

Integration of Cultural HeritageIntegration of Cultural Heritage in the Plans for in the Plans for the protection from dangers/disasters by the protection from dangers/disasters by

reducing their effect and the Plans for repair of reducing their effect and the Plans for repair of the damage the damage -- nonetheless there are individual nonetheless there are individual activities that the relevant (governmental and activities that the relevant (governmental and nonnon--governmental institutions) that are directly governmental institutions) that are directly or indirectly connected with the protection of or indirectly connected with the protection of

the cultural heritage.the cultural heritage.

Which are these relevant institutions and Which are these relevant institutions and associations and what are those activities and associations and what are those activities and conditions that are compatible with the five conditions that are compatible with the five

above mentioned goals of the decade? above mentioned goals of the decade?

Lazar SHUMANOV

They are:They are:

•• the existence of legal framework and the existence of legal framework and

standards for the protection of the cultural standards for the protection of the cultural

heritage heritage

•• the existence of Ministry of Culture the existence of Ministry of Culture

•• the existence of the Cultural Heritage the existence of the Cultural Heritage

Protection Office Protection Office

•• the organization of national and local the organization of national and local

institutions such as conservation centers, institutions such as conservation centers,

national and local museums, national and local national and local museums, national and local

libraries, national and local archiveslibraries, national and local archives

Lazar SHUMANOV

In the country there are institutions and In the country there are institutions and organizations that are leaders in the field of organizations that are leaders in the field of cultural heritage protection and preparation cultural heritage protection and preparation for harm reduction from the dangers/disasters for harm reduction from the dangers/disasters caused by man or nature, before and after the caused by man or nature, before and after the United Nations adopted the United Nations adopted the IDNDR (1990)IDNDR (1990)

Such organizations are: Such organizations are:

•• National Conservation Center (NCC)National Conservation Center (NCC)

•• Institute for Earthquake Engineering and Institute for Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology Engineering Seismology –– Skopje (IZIIS)Skopje (IZIIS)

•• Cultural Heritage Protection Office (CHPO)Cultural Heritage Protection Office (CHPO)

•• National committees of ICOMOS, ICOM and National committees of ICOMOS, ICOM and BLUE SHIELD BLUE SHIELD

Lazar SHUMANOV

Exactly these institutions since the late Exactly these institutions since the late

8080’’s of last century till today, implement s of last century till today, implement

activities that are considered of great activities that are considered of great

importance, and which are identical or importance, and which are identical or

nearly identical to those contained in nearly identical to those contained in

the UN Decade and recent the UN Decade and recent

recommendations of ICORPrecommendations of ICORP presented presented

on UN Conference on UN Conference ““Global Platform on Global Platform on

Risk ReductionRisk Reduction““,, 20132013-- Geneva, Geneva,

Switzerland.Switzerland.

Lazar SHUMANOV

These are:These are:

•• formation of formation of IndokIndok Center for Documentation of Cultural Center for Documentation of Cultural HeritageHeritage

•• completion of the national inventory of registered and completion of the national inventory of registered and recorded cultural heritagerecorded cultural heritage

• establishment of Regional centre for digitalization of documentation od Cultural Heritage

•• model for documentation of cultural heritage in seismic active model for documentation of cultural heritage in seismic active regionsregions

•• established contacts with international organizations such as established contacts with international organizations such as UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, GCIUNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, GCI in the field of education and in the field of education and knowledge transfer for the protection ofknowledge transfer for the protection of cultural heritage in cultural heritage in order to build the capacity of institutions and experts order to build the capacity of institutions and experts regionally and internationallyregionally and internationally

•• realization of international and regional symposiums, seminars realization of international and regional symposiums, seminars and workshops for conservation of cultural heritage in seismic and workshops for conservation of cultural heritage in seismic prone regionsprone regions

•• realization of regional workshop on Cultural Heritage at risk inrealization of regional workshop on Cultural Heritage at risk inthe event of armed conflictthe event of armed conflict

Lazar SHUMANOV

19851985-- ““International Course on Preventive Measures for the Protection oInternational Course on Preventive Measures for the Protection of f

Cultural Monuments in EarthquakeCultural Monuments in Earthquake--Prone RegionsProne Regions”” –– IZIIS, ICCROM,IZIIS, ICCROM,

supported by UNESCOsupported by UNESCO

19881988 –– ““1st International Seminar on Modern Principles in Conservation1st International Seminar on Modern Principles in Conservation

and Restoration of Urban and Restoration of Urban and Rural Cultural Heritage in Seismicand Rural Cultural Heritage in Seismic--Prone Prone

RegionsRegions””,, IZIISIZIIS--ICCROMICCROM--RZZSK;RZZSK;

19911991--19931993 –– ““Project: Conservation and Seismic Strengthening Of Project: Conservation and Seismic Strengthening Of

Byzantine Churches in MacedoniaByzantine Churches in Macedonia”” –– IZIISIZIIS--Getty Conservation InstituteGetty Conservation Institute--

RZZSK;RZZSK;

19971997 –– Regional Workshop on Regional Workshop on ““Integrating Cultural Heritage into National Integrating Cultural Heritage into National

Disaster Planning, Mitigation and ReliefDisaster Planning, Mitigation and Relief”” –– PRDUPRDU--York, UK; USICOMOS: York, UK; USICOMOS:

ICOMOS Macedonia; Getty Grant ICOMOS Macedonia; Getty Grant ProgrammeProgramme, Ministry of Culture of the , Ministry of Culture of the

Republic of Macedonia; Republic of Macedonia;

20022002 –– Urgent Regional Workshop on Urgent Regional Workshop on ““Cultural Heritage on Risk in the Cultural Heritage on Risk in the

event of Armed Conflict event of Armed Conflict –– Macedonia CaseMacedonia Case”” -- OhridOhrid Declaration 2002,Declaration 2002, ICOMOS ICOMOS

MacedoniaMacedonia

Lazar SHUMANOV

2006 2006 –– ““Regional Expert Meeting on Heritage Protection through Regional Expert Meeting on Heritage Protection through

Regional Cooperation on Education, transfer of Knowledge and Regional Cooperation on Education, transfer of Knowledge and technologytechnology””;; CHwBCHwB and ICOMOS Macedonia;and ICOMOS Macedonia;

20122012 –– Proposal for Proposal for ““Establishment of Network of specialized Establishment of Network of specialized

centers for Education, Training and Transfer of Knowledge centers for Education, Training and Transfer of Knowledge protection of Cultural Heritage in Seismic Prone areasprotection of Cultural Heritage in Seismic Prone areas”” –– ICOMOS ICOMOS

ADAD--COM Meeting, Beijing, China and ICORP Meeting in Istanbul, COM Meeting, Beijing, China and ICORP Meeting in Istanbul,

Turkey; Turkey;

20142014 –– Regional Symposium on Regional Symposium on ““ Harmonization of National Harmonization of National Cultural Heritage legislation with the European RegulationsCultural Heritage legislation with the European Regulations”” ––

adopted Skopje Recommendations 2014.adopted Skopje Recommendations 2014. ICOMOS MacedoniaICOMOS Macedonia

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Lazar SHUMANOV

Instead of a conclusionInstead of a conclusion

If we carefully consider the above indicated five If we carefully consider the above indicated five fundamental recommendations of thefundamental recommendations of the DECADE DECADE and the activities of the institutions mentioned and the activities of the institutions mentioned in the past, in the past, --before and after the adoption of before and after the adoption of the same,the same, we can rightly conclude that in we can rightly conclude that in

Macedonia there are real opportunities as soon Macedonia there are real opportunities as soon as possible to adopt:as possible to adopt: National StrategyNational Strategy and and

National plansNational plans for inclusion of cultural heritage for inclusion of cultural heritage protection plans for protection plans for ManagementManagement of dangers / of dangers / disasters by disasters by reducingreducing their impact and their impact and PlansPlansfor rehabilitation for rehabilitation –– recovery of the situation.recovery of the situation.

Lazar SHUMANOV

We would like to insure all international We would like to insure all international and national society in Macedonia thatand national society in Macedonia thatICOMOS Macedonia, ICOMOS Macedonia, together with the together with the

relevant governmental and nonrelevant governmental and non--governmental institutions and governmental institutions and

associations as soon as possible,associations as soon as possible, will will be INITIATOR forbe INITIATOR for Establishment ofEstablishment of

NATIONAL STRATEGYNATIONAL STRATEGY for integration of for integration of Cultural Heritage into Cultural Heritage into NATIONAL NATIONAL DISASTER Planning, Mitigation and DISASTER Planning, Mitigation and

Relief.Relief.

Lazar SHUMANOV

I will finish with the start:I will finish with the start:

““One poundOne pound before disaster saves before disaster saves

one hundredone hundred pound after disasterpound after disaster””

Sir Bernard M. FEILDENSir Bernard M. FEILDEN

Lazar SHUMANOV

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Lazar SHUMANOVLazar SHUMANOV