Integrated Water Resources Management in the Danube River Basin

IWRM in the Danube River BasinTokyo, 8th December 2004

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THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN the most international basin in the world

» 10% of Europe

» 81 Mio Inhabitants

» 18 Countries

» diverse cultures

» particular situation of transition countries and new EU members and candidates

» regional social and economic disparities


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Economic IndicatorsGDP on PPP, 2002, €/capita

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

DE AT CZ SK HU SI HR CS BA BG RO MD UA


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68

551total

77

15

30

31

20

23

72

36

23

121

8

28

nitrogen (kt/a)

(12.3% )

(100% )

(13.9% )

(2.8% )

(5.4% )

(5.6% )

(3.5% )

(4.1% )

(13.1% )

(6.5% )

(4.1% )

(22% )

(1.5% )

(5.1% )

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

sou

rce

Inn

D-A

bo

rde

r

Mo

rava

/A-S

K-H

bo

rde

r

H t

o C

R/Y

U

Dra

va

Tis

a

Sa

va

YU

-RO

bo

rde

r

Iron

Ga

tes

YU

-BG

bo

rde

r

BG

-RO

bo

rde

r

out

flow

G ERMANY AUSTRIA CZECH_RE SLO VAKIA

HUNG ARY SLO VENIA CRO ATIA YUG O SLAV

BOSNIA_H BULG ARIA RO MANIA MO LDO VA

UKRAINE

Annual Nitrogen load in the Danube by countries of origin, 1999


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GEF SUPPORT TO THE PROCESS OF COOPERATION IN THE DANUBE BASIN

» 1991 - Environmental Programme for the Danuber River Basin (EPDRB) – GEF Institutional Development Project

» 1994/98 Danube River Protection Convention (1994)

» Danube Pollution Reduction Programme 1997-1999 (EPDRB phase 2) – TDA & SAP

» Danube Regional Project 2001 – 2007 in the frame of the Danube – Black Sea Strategic Partnership


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DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECTA Summary of Project Activities

» Strengthening Institution(s) – regional level (ICPDR), national level, other stakeholders;

» Improving Management Tools – river basin management, Danube GIS, economic instruments;

» Developing Policies – agriculture, industry, land-use and wetlands, phosphate detergents;

» Promoting Public Participation – NGO strengthening, Small Grants Programme, public participation and access to information;

» Implementing Pilot Projects – river basin management, agriculture, wetlands


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COOPERATION IN THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN

Danube River Protection Convention – DRPC » The legal frame for co-operation to assure protection of

water and ecological resources and their sustainable use in the Danube River Basin

» signed: 29 June 1994, Sofia / in force: 22 October 1998

International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River - ICPDR

» Mechanism for cooperation

» 13 contracting parties, including EC

» Implementation framework for the DRP


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1ST DANUBE TRANSBOUNDARY ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN (GEF DPRP 1998)

CORE PROBLEM

» Ecologically Unsustainable Development and Inadequate Water Resources Management in the Danube River Basin

DIRECT CAUSES

» Municipalities: Inadequate management of waste water

» Industry: Ecologically unsustainable industrial and mining activities

» Agriculture: Inadequate land management and improper agricultural practices

» Wetlands and floodplains: loss of wetlands and floodplains


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ICPDR responseto the SAP

Joint Action Programme


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Emission inventory and pollution reduction Restoration of wetlands and flood plains Transnational Monitoring Network (TNMN) Priority substances/recommendations on BAT & BEP Accident warning system (AEWS) and prevention Flood control and sustainable flood prevention Domestic and basin wide water balance River Basin Management and implementation of the

EU Water Framework Directive

POLICES AND STRATEGIES OF THE JAP


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INVESTMENTS AND EXPECTED RESULTSOF THE JOINT ACTION PROGRAMME

Investments:Municipal wastewater collection & treatment: 3.709 billion USDIndustrial waste water treatment: 0.276 billion USDAgricultural projects and land use: 0.113 billion USDRehabilitation of wetlands: 0.323 billion USD

Nitrogen reduction:• from point sources : 58,600 t/y• from diffuse sources : 60,000 t/y• total emission reduction : 22 %

Phosphorus reduction:• from point sources : 12,000 t/y• from diffuse sources : 4,000 t/y• total emission reduction : 33 %


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KEY DRIVERS FOR POLICY CHANGES AND JOINT ACTIONS

» Reduction of nutrients input into the Black Sea – GEF Danube – Black Sea Strategic Partnership

» EU Accession Process

» EU Water Framework Directive


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GEF DANUBE – BLACK SEA STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP Summary of objectives

1. Adopting and implementing of new policies, institutional and regulatory measures for nutrient reduction,

2. Implementing investment projects for water pollution reduction,

3. Capacity building for water pollution management including monitoring systems,

4. Adopting of legal mechanisms at national and regional level (Conventions) to control nutrient releases to the Black Sea,

5. Reinforcing international cooperation for nutrient reduction measures,

6. Implementing pilot project for nutrient reduction with active involvement of stakeholders.


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• US$70M GEF grants in 3 tranches (2001-2003)• Combination of investments and policy reforms in individual

countries• Focused on nutrient reduction from municipal, industrial and

agricultural sources

GEF DANUBE – BLACK SEA STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP Investment Fund Snapshot


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• Focused regional framework for countries’ investments addressing eutrophication

• Streamlined GEF project approval

• Leveraging over US$400M of co-financing

• Access to international best practice

• Catalytic effect among donors:

DABLAS, EU ISPA and associated country funds, DISF, BSIF, bilateral donors

GEF DANUBE – BLACK SEA STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP Investment Fund Value Added


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Title GEF Grant Co-Funding Leveraged

Ratio(GEF:Other)

Under Implementation

Bulgaria Wetlands Restoration and Nutrient Reduction 7.50 6.00 1 : 0.8

Romania Agricultural Pollution Control 5.15 5.65 1 : 1.1

Moldova Agricultural Pollution Control 4.95 5.75 1 : 1.2

Turkey Watershed Management 7.00 38.11 1 : 5.4

Under Preparation

Bosnia Water Quality Protection (Board approval CY2005) 4.15 12.00 1 : 2.9

Croatia Zagreb Municipal Nutrient Reduction (CY2005) 8.00 200.00 1 : 25

Hungary Nutrient Reduction (CY2006) 7.50 17.00 1 : 2.3

Moldova Environmental Protection (CY2006) 4.40 10.00 1 : 2.4

Russia Krasnodar Agricultural Pollution Control (CY2005) 5.00 7.00 1 : 1.4

Russia Rostov Nutrient Discharges and Methane Emissions (CY2005) 5.85 16.00 1 : 2.7

Serbia Danube River Enterprise Pollution Reduction (CY2005) 9.00 12.00 1 : 1.2

Ukraine Integrated Coastal Zone Management (CY2006) 4.00 8.00 1 : 2.0

Total 72.50 337.50 1 : 4.6

PARTNERSHIP INVESTMENT FUND PROJECTS


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KEY DRIVERS FOR POLICY CHANGES AND JOINT ACTIONS EU Accession Process

» Political and legal base for implementation and enforcement of EU legislation

» Sets targets and priorities for candidate and applicant countries

» Framework for donors activities and internatinal assistance in meeting environmental objectives


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KEY DRIVERS FOR POLICY CHANGES AND JOINT ACTIONS EU Water Framework Directive

» sets uniform standards in water policy and integrates different policy areas involving water issues,

» requires a river basin approach for the development of integrated and coordinated river basin management,

» stipulates a defined time-frame for the achievement of the good status of surface water and groundwater,

» introduces the economic analysis of water use in order to estimate the most cost-effective combination of measures in respect to water uses,

» includes public participation in the development of river basin management plans ( active involvement of stakeholders, non-governmental organisations and citizens).


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KEY DRIVERS FOR POLICY CHANGES AND JOINT ACTIONS EU Water Framework Directive -cont

» objective of nutrient reduction entirely consistent with expected outcomes of EU WFD,

» Pressures and Impact Analysis strengthens the TDA approach

» detail River Basin Management Plans provide concrete programme how pollution will be reduced involving policy and investment measures at transboundary and national levels

» EU WFD RBM Plan contain all potential SAP components

» legal obligation and enforcement mechanisms for implementation of RBM plans

» EU WFD is fully consistent with the GPA approach and both processes are mutually supportive


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TDA/WFD TransitionKey Problems Identified

Pressures and Impact Assessment in the DRB

» Organic pollution due to insufficient treatment of waste-water from municipalities

» Nutrient loads still well above the levels of 1955

» Hazardous substances

» Hydromorphological alterations


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TDA/WFD TransitionKey Problems Identified

to be approved at the Ministerial Meeting – Vienna, 13 December 2004


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INTEGRATED APPROACH OF TRANSBOUNDARY ANALYSIS ADDRESSING DIFFERENT USES OF DRB WATER RESOURCES» Detail characterisation of surface and ground waters

» Identification of pressures and their causes:

» Pollution

» Hydromorphological alterations due to flood protection, power generation, navigation, etc

» Other anthropogenic pressures

» Assessment on rivers, lakes, coastal waters and their ecosystems

» Inventory of protected areas (biodiversity)

» Economic analysis of water uses

» Public information and consultation


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FUTURE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES

Next steps are to integrate the results of the pressure and impact analysis with the results of the economic analysis of water uses in order to develop a coherent and integrated programme of measures, by 2009, for the water bodies at risk of failing to reach the environmental objectives


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CONCLUSIONS

» DRB Countries made significant progress in establishing the necessary mechanisms for coordination and cooperation in transboundary context

» Danube countries strongly committed to cooperate

» The EU WFD: driving force and mechanism for support of integrated water management

» The ICPDR forum for dialogue, understanding and action

» The active involvement of the public is a core principle in IWRM

» TDA/SAP / WFD approach led to balancing of different uses of the Danube


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FOR MORE INFORMATION

www.undp-drp.org

www.icpdr.org

http://www.undp-drp.org/

http://www.icpdr.org/

Integrated Water Resources Management in the Danube River Basin

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