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Integrated data analysis of fast-ion measurements by velocity-space tomography
Mirko Salewski Technical University of Denmark
Department of Physics
M.Nocente, B.Geiger, A.S.Jacobsen, F.Binda, C.Cazzaniga, G. Gorini, G.Ericsson, J.Eriksson, W.W. Heidbrink, C.Hellesen, A.Hjalmarsson, V.G.Kiptily, S.B.Korsholm, T.Koskela, T.Kurki-Suonio, F.Leipold, J.Madsen, D.Moseev, S.K.Nielsen, J.Rasmussen, L.Stagner, M.Schneider, S.E.Sharapov, M.Stejner, M.Tardocchi, M.Weiland
2nd IAEA TM on Fusion Data Processing, Validation and Analysis 30 May - 2 June 2017, Cambridge, MA, USA
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DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark
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• Introduction to velocity-space tomography
• GRS/NES-based velocity-space tomography at JET
• FIDA-based velocity-space tomography at ASDEX Upgrade
• Summary and outlook
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Outline
Mirko Salewski
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DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark
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Introduction to velocity-space tomography
Mirko Salewski
Forward problem
Salewski et al (2011,12,13,14,15,16,17) NF
Inverse problem
𝑊𝐹 = 𝑆
Distribution function F Measurements S Matrix W
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• Introduction to velocity-space tomography
• GRS/NES-based velocity-space tomography at JET
• FIDA-based velocity-space tomography at ASDEX Upgrade
• Summary and outlook
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Outline
Mirko Salewski
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Neutron emission and gamma-ray spectrometry at JET
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Perpendicular view
Φ=90°(LOS, B)
Oblique view Φ=47°(LOS, B)
Eriksson et al (2015) NF
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NES measurements
• 3 simultaneously measured spectra in JET #86459
• 4.5 MW NBI + 3 MW 3rd harmonic ICRF-heating
• Yellow: Used for inversion
6 Salewski et al (2017) NF
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DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark
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GRS measurements
• 2 GRS spectra in JET #86459
• High-resolution High-purity Germanium detector (1keV over 10 MeV)
• Two competing reactions
7 Salewski et al (2017) NF
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DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark
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Velocity-space observation regions
• Weight functions w:
• Signal/ion
• Discretize:
• Reject data if w is
1) is outside the target velocity space.
2) covers the velocity space below 120 keV.
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Jacobsen et al (2014) RSI, Jacobsen et al (2015) NF
Heidbrink et al (2007) PPCF
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Velocity-space observation regions
• 5 detectors
• 3 typical Doppler shifts
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GRS 2868 keV
TOFOR
GRS 3367 keV
Diamond
NE213
High Medium Low
NES: Jacobsen et al (2014) RSI, Jacobsen et al (2015) NF
GRS: Salewski et al (2015) NF, Salewski et al (2016a) NF
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Inversion by 1st-order Tikhonov regularization
Mirko Salewski
• Forward problem:
• Inverse problem:
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Velocity-space tomography vs. simulation
• Basic features agree: Tail length, tail width.
• Barrier region suggests low densities above 2 MeV.
• Velocity-space tomography confirms the barrier experimentally.
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[a.u.] [a.u.] [a.u.]
Salewski et al (2017) NF
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What if we only use NES or GRS?
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• Inversions rely on integrated data analysis
• NES only or GRS only do not work well
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• Introduction to velocity-space tomography
• GRS/NES-based velocity-space tomography at JET
• FIDA-based velocity-space tomography at ASDEX Upgrade
• Summary and outlook
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Outline
Mirko Salewski
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DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark
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FIDA spectroscopy at ASDEX Upgrade
Weiland et al (2016) PPCF
Mirko Salewski
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Prior information: What do we know?
• F is non-negative.
• Null-measurements of FIDA light • (E,p) position of NBI peaks at E, E/2, E/3
Mirko Salewski Salewski et al (2016b) NF
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High-definition tomography: Inversion using prior information
Simulation
Without prior information
With prior information
Artifacts
No visible artifacts
Mirko Salewski
Salewski et al (2016b) NF
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Tomography movie of a sawtooth crash
Salewski et al (2016b) NF
• Upper panel: Measurement of fast ion density
𝑛𝑓 = 𝑓𝑑𝐸𝑑𝑝
• Lower panel: tomographic inversion movie
• fit to 50.000 data points
–100 frames
–5 spectra per frame
–100 data points per spectrum
Mirko Salewski
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Sawteeth: FIDA tomography vs. TRANSP
TRANSP
FIDA
• Fairly good agreement
• Measured crashes smaller than simulated crashes.
• No measured crashes for |p|<0.25 in agreement with Kolesnichenko (1996) NF and disagreement with TRANSP.
Mirko Salewski
Salewski et al (2016b) NF
AUG #32323
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For two-view FIDA systems: Numeric simulation as prior information
Salewski et al (2016b) NF
MUCH easier!
Not using TRANSP as prior information
Using TRANSP as prior information
Mirko Salewski
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Reconstruction of differences from TRANSP
• Cases with and without TRANSP as prior information give consistent results for the 5-view case.
• Works for 2 FIDA views.
Mirko Salewski Salewski et al (2016b) NF
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Optimal experimental design for fast-ion diagnostic sets
21 Mirko Salewski
• ASDEX Upgrade went from 3 to 5 FIDA views.
• Chose 2 viewing angles to best complement the other 3.
• Minimize quality parameter
• 85°and 50°are best.
Weiland et al (2016) PPCF
3 existing viewing angles
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Velocity-space observation regions
CTS
FIDA
NES
2-step GRS
1-step GRS
NPA: Heidbrink et al (2007) PPCF
CTS: Salewski et al (2011) NF
FIDA: Salewski et al (2014) PPCF
NES: Jacobsen et al (2015) NF
GRS-2: Salewski et al (2015) NF
GRS-1: Salewski et al (2016) NF
• W has vastly different forms for the different diagnostics.
• Known already.
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Summary
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• Velocity-space tomography reveals new physics.
– Converts complex data to straightforward 2D images
– Combines diagnostics
– Accounts for nuisance parameters
• MeV range ion velocity-space tomography based on 5 NES/GRS spectra agrees well with simulations
• FIDA-based velocity-space movies at ASDEX Upgrade
• Velocity-space studies of sawtooth crashes confirm pitch selectivity
• Increase fast-ion measurement data at AUG and JET
• Use thermal ion signals
• Demonstrate approach on other machines
• Apply: Alfven modes, NTM, sawteeth, burning plasma
• Improve inversion methods
• Go 3D (spatial coordinate, constants-of-motion or EPmRm) Stagner (this conference)
Mirko Salewski
Outlook
Thank you for your attention!