INTD 51

the functions of illumination

lighting can be a tremendous force in architectural, interior, and landscape design

light has four specific duties:

•decorative•accent•task•ambient

no single light source can perform all functions of lighting for a given space

the KEY to effective lighting design:

light should be “layered”

a number of light sources should be blended together in order to create a comfortable, inviting environment

light should be “layered”

light should be “layered”

light should be “layered”

decorative:

used to create the “sparkle” for a roomexamples: chandeliers, sconces, table lamps

decorative: pendants

decorative:

decorative:

decorative:

in the best designs, decorative light sources only create the illusion of providing a room’s illumination

decorative:

translucent vs. opaque shades

accent:

directed illumination that highlights objects within an environment

examples: track

accent:

recessed adjustable fixtures

accent: examples: recessed adjustable fixtures

accent:

used to highlight art, sculpture, tabletops, plants, etc…

accent:

if you only use accent light, you get the museum effect

accent:

thrives on subtlety—want to see the effect,but not how it is created

task: illumination for performing work-related activities, such as reading, cutting vegetables or sorting laundry

optimally located between your head and the work surface

task: fluorescent—for working

task: under counter fixture mount best for kitchens

ambient:

the soft, general illumination that fills the volume of a room with a glow of lightexamples: •indirect wall sconces •torcheres•indirect pendants •cove lighting

ambient: torcheres

ambient:

•indirect wall sconces

ambient:

most important of the four functions—often left out of the design of a room or space

best ambient light comes from sources that bounce illumination of ceiling & walls

provides a subtle general illumination without drawing attention to them

ambient:

should not be used alone—“cloudy day effect”—everything in the space seems to have the same value, without any depth or dimension

participation activity: classroom light analysis directions:…look around the classroom, identify each of the types of lighting used in the space and list them according to category …answer the question: according to your current knowledge of lighting, what are the strengths of the classroom’s lighting plan and what are its weaknesses?

kitchen lighting—title 24

the Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings were established in 1978—response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption

new standards were adopted by the Commission in 2005 and again in 2010

kitchen lighting—title 24

energy efficiency standards are important and necessary for California’s energy future:

•reduces energy costs•increases reliability and availability of electricity•improves building occupant comfort •reduces impacts to the environment

kitchen lighting—title 24

the Energy Commission adopted the 2008 Standards on April 23, 2008•approved for publication on Sept, 2008 •effective date for the 2008 Standards has been changed from Aug. 1, 2009 to Jan. 1, 2010

if building permit submitted on or after January 1, 2010, the 2008 Standards must be met

kitchen lighting—title 24

changes in 2001 (following the electricity crisis) reduced electricity demand by about 150 megawatts (MW) each year

the 2005 standards were expected to reduce electric demand by another 180 MW each year—have saved more than $56 billion in electricity and natural gas costs since 1978

It is estimated the standards will save an additional $23 billion by 2013

kitchen lighting—title 24

changes to the standards occur periodically to account for improvements in:•conservation technologies•cost of fuels •energy-conserving strategies•improved capabilities in analyzing building energy performance

modifications are also made to further improve compliance and enforcement

kitchen lighting—title 24

mandatory measures require:

•minimum ceiling, wall, and raised floor insulation•minimum HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) and water heating equipment efficiencies•other requirements—lighting standards

kitchen lighting—title 24

documentation of the California Building Code is required to be submitted prior to issuing building permits

•new residential building•adding new conditioned floor area to an existing building

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/

kitchen lighting—title 24

2008 residential lighting requirements divide the home into 3 distinct zones•ZONE 1—kitchen•ZONE 2—bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms and utility rooms•ZONE 3—hallways, dining rooms, family rooms, home office and bedrooms

each zone is treated distinctly different

kitchen lighting—title 24retains 50% rule—50% total kitchen lighting watts must be high efficacy (compact fluorescent, LED, linear fluorescent

NEW:up to 20 watts of low or high efficacy lighting per linear foot of illuminated cabinet (inside)

vs.

kitchen lighting—title 24

•first switch in the kitchen must be fluorescent•efficiency of at least 40 lumens per watt•50% wattage MUST be fluorescent

kitchen lighting—title 24

California residential lighting—title 24bathrooms—zone 2

• must have:• high efficacy fixtures• OR vacancy sensors installed that

control the low efficacy fixturesdimmer option

• vacancy sensors• allows user to manually turn on the

light upon entering the room• when vacancy detected, turns lights

off

bathroomsgeneral illumination

fortunately the color temperature of today’s fluorescent lamps are very flattering to skin tones

two drawbacks:•ballast hum•lack of rapid-start ballast (flicker before stabilizing)