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Insulationcoordination forUHVDC 800 kV
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
! Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
! Staging
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
! Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
! Staging
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Insulation coordination. Experience from operation.
" Creepage flashovers -- Accurate creepage distance-- Accurate insulator design
" Flashover because of uneven wetting
-- Attention to physical layout
" Overvoltages -- Excellent experience, no flashovers
(Overdesign)
" Cost of withstand for Lightning Impulse and Switching
Impulse is “small” (exception: Thyristor valve) at 500
kv rating (creepage was dimensioning)
" At 800 kV the Lightning Impulse and Switching Impulse
will influence size, weight and cost of equipment
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
! Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
! Staging
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Insulation coordination - principles
• Limitation of switching surges is essential
• Highly efficient arresters
• Installation of additional arresters on 800 kV dc bus and
converter bus between transformer and valve
• Arresters installed very close to object (no distance effects)
• Subdivision of smoothing reactor – 50 % on 800 kV, 50 %
on neutral bus
• Insulation margins
Oil insulation Air insulation Single ValveLightning impulse 20 % 20 % 10 %
Switching impulse 15 % 15 % 10 %
• Margin of insulation is sufficient – standard levels notapplicable
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
! Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
! Staging
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Air insulated smoothing reactor
350 mH
175 mH
175 mH
U1
U1
U2
U2
U3
U3
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Air insulated smoothing reactor
350 mH
175 mH
175 mH
Smoothing reactor is located on neutral bus at Skagerrak, CU and
Inga-Shaba +/-500 kV project
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Platform for smoothing reactor and arrester
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
!
Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
from a study using typical data
NB! Only the upper 12-pulse converter is shown
! Staging
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800 kV DC bus outside smoothing reactorLIWL 1950 kV
SIWL 1546 kV
Switching overvoltages• By-pass blocking w/o by-pass
pair (1345 kV)
• Ground fault on line (1040 kV) 1)
• Disconnection of last ac line ininverter (1216 kV)
Lightning overvoltages
• Lightning surge (1625 kV)• Shielding failure in dc switchyard
• OH line tower arcing horns
1) 1.7 p u at line midpoint
LIPL 1625 kV
SIPL 1345 kV
Two or three DC line arresters to cater for
distance effects. All arresters are contributing
to reduce switchin sur es
800 kV b i l h ll
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800 kV bus in valve hall
LIWL 1800 kV
SIWL 1518 kV
LIPL 1500 kV
SIPL 1320 kV
CBH
Switching overvoltages• AC bus switching overvoltages(1128 kV)
• Inverter blocked w/o by-pass pair(1096 kV)
• Disconnection of last ac line in inverter
(1320 kV)
Lightning overvoltages• Lightning surge from line dc line
• Lightning surges from ac network
Arrester CBH may be necessary –
To be finally decided at detailed study
Y/Y t d t f
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Y/Y connected transformer
LIPL 1453 kV
SIPL 1320 kV
LIWL 1744 kV
SIWL 1518 kV
Switching overvoltages• AC bus switching surges(1128 kV)
• Disconnection of last ac line in inverter
(1312 kV)
• Inverter blocking w/o by-pass pair (1096 kV)
Lightning overvoltages• Lightning surge from ac network
• Lightning surge from dc line
YG
The arrester YG will be installed if necessary to reduce switching
overvoltages. Otherwise arresters MH+V protect phase-to-ground insulation
V
MH
Th i t l i l ti
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Thyristor valve insulation
LIPL 386 kV
SIPL 405 kV
LIWL 425 kV
SIPL 446 kV
Switching overvoltages• AC network switching surge
• Earth fault between transformer and
valve
Lightning overvoltages• Lightning stroke from ac yard
• Lightning stroke from dc yard
S thi t 800 kV l b
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Smoothing reactor on 800 kV pole bus
Switching overvoltagesN A
Lightning overvoltages• Ground fault beside reactor
• Lightning surge from dc line
LIPL 1800 kVLIWL 2160 kV
Each arrester has LIPL 900 kV
Smoothing reactor on neutral bus
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Smoothing reactor on neutral bus
Switching overvoltagesN A
Lightning overvoltages• Ground fault beside reactor
• Lightning surge from dc line
Neutral busLIPL 450 kV
SIPL 400 kV
LIWL 540 kV
SIWL 460 kV
Presentation items
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Presentation items
! Operating experience
! Principles
!
Smoothing reactor ! Insulation levels for different components
! Staging
UHVDC 2 x 12 pulse converters/pole
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! 2 x 12 pulse groups/pole
! Max power 6200 MW at 800 kV DC
! Transformer data (6200 MW)
! No 24 units
! 1Ø2W 310 MVA
! Weight 310 tons
! LxWxH 8 x 4 x 5 meter
! Installed at Itaipu, in operation for20 years
UHVDC, 2 x 12-pulse converters/pole
2 x 12 pulse groups/pole switching arrangement
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2 x 12 pulse groups/pole, switching arrangement
! Maximum flexibility &availability
! High speed by-passswitch
! Operational experiencefrom Itaipu
! Operation at reducedvoltage
! 70 %
! 35 %
UHVDC stagewise extension
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UHVDC, stagewise extension
800 kV
600 kV
800 kV
600 kV 600 kV
A B C
800 kV
Converter configurations, 6000 MW, +/-800 kV, 3750 A
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Converter configurations, 6000 MW, +/ 800 kV, 3750 A
irst stage Second stage Transformer Cost
onnection Voltage Connection Voltage MVA/MVA %
kV kV 1st / 2nd
12pulse 400 1x12pulse 800 300/300 100
12pulse 500 1x12pulse 800 375/225 100
12pulse 600 1x12pulse 800 450/150 100
12pulse 600 1x6pulse 800 450/300 97
6pulse 600 1x6pulse 800 300/300 101
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