Instytut Techniki Cieplnej, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian...

Instytut Techniki Cieplnej, Politechnika Śląska, GliwiceInstitute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology

Marcin Liszka

CCPT Seminar, Katowice, March 26CCPT Seminar, Katowice, March 26thth 2009 2009

Technologie czystego węgla w Polsce

Clean coal technologies in Poland

M. Liszka, Technologie czystego węgla w Polsce Clean coal technologies in Poland

CCPT SeminarCCPT Seminar, Katowice, March 26th 2009

Fuel mix for power production in Poland – ARE forecast

5

30

55

80

105

130

155

180

205

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

TW

h n

et

Hard coal Brown coal Natural gas

Nuclear Renewables Other

Source: Agencja Rynku Energii, after Duda

Existing and new power sources in Poland – ARE forecast



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

Inst

alle

d p

ow

er,

gro

ss G

W

Renewables - New

Industrial - New

Nuclear - New

Natural gas - New

Hard coal - New

Brown coal - New

Other renewables

Industrial - Existing

Hydro peak-load

Hydro - Existing

Natural gas - Existing

Hard coal - Existing

Brown coal - Existing

System peak load(January)Source: Agencja Rynku Energii, after Duda

~12 GW

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Es

ton

ia

Po

lan

d

Gre

ec

e

Cze

ch

Re

pu

blic

Ge

rma

ny

De

nm

ark

Bu

lga

ria

Ro

ma

nia

Slo

ve

nia

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m

Po

rtu

ga

l

Ire

lan

d

Sp

ain

Fin

lan

d

Hu

ng

ary

Ne

the

rla

nd

s

Slo

va

kia

Ita

ly

Au

str

ia

Be

lgiu

m

Fra

nc

e

Sw

ed

en

Cy

pru

s

La

tvia

Lit

hu

an

ia

Lu

xe

mb

ou

rg

Ma

lta

Other fuels

Renewables

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Oil

Coal or Lignite

Fuel mix of power sector by (%)

No other large country in Europe is as dependent on coal for its power generation as Poland.

* Source: Eurostat, after Zmijewski

EU- 25 coal share in fuel mix 30%

Energy mix for power sector in EU



Forthcoming CO2 policy – EU energy package

obligation of 15% share of renewables in final energy consumption after 2020

obligatory auctioning for allowances to CO2 emissions after 2020 transient period: 2013 – 2020 with partial auctioning – details are

not precise or not known; transient period applies to existing power units and those which were „physically” under construction before the end of 2008

auctions will be managed by EU countries; each country will receive the amount of allowances which will be sold on auctions,

the national auctioning system is open to all participants of the EU ETS system also from other EU countries

high efficiency cogeneration is excluded from obligatory auctioning system



Main technology options for clean coal power production



COAL

COMBUSTION GASIFICATION

PF AFBC PFBC IGCC

Hybrid Cycles

Technology roadmaps – results of Silesian Foresight (2007)

Scenario of Moderate Development

No Namebefore 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

after 2020

1PF power units; supercritical parameters (Power stations 600)

2 CFB power units; supercritical parameters

3Multi-fuel power units; supercritical parameters; CO2 sequestration

4 CHPs units with CFB

5 Thermal storage in CHP units

6 Heating boilers fired with methane from coal mines

7Production of heat from renewable sources and co-combustion of wastes

8 Deep cleaning of coal

9 Territorial systems of waste energy recovery

10 Fuels form wastes

commercial implementation

Technologies Time horizon



Technology roadmaps – results of Silesian Foresight (2007)Innovative Scenario



No Namebefore 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

after 2020

1PF power units; ultrasupercritical parameters (36 MPa, 700/720oC/720oC).

2PF power units; supercritical and ultrasupercritical parameters; CO2 capture

3 PF oxy-fuel combustion technology

4Pressurized fluidized bed power units; supercritical parameters

5Fluidized power units with external DeSOx and DeNOx installations; supercritical parameters; oxy-fuel combustion

6Multi-fuel power units; supercritical parameters; CO2 sequestration

7 IGCC and CO2 capture

8 Coal and nuclear synergy

9 CHPs units with CFB

10 Thermal storage in CHP units

11 Polygeneration based on clean coal technologies

12 Fuel cells and microturbines

13 Building cooling heating and power

14 Deep cleaning of coal

15 Underground coal gasification

commercial implementation

Technologies Time horizon

How to decrease CO2 emission in power sector ?

1. Increase fuel conversion efficiency.

2. Use biomass and other renewables.

3. Use natural gas instead of coal (?).

4. Implement CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies (?).

• high CO2 prices• CCS obligation



How to decrease CO2 emission?



980

750

680

CO2 reduction=(980-680)/980=0.3

Net efficiency (%)

Coal

Natural gas

Probable CO2 removal options for pulverized fuel (PF) plant

electricity(net)

Emissions

incl. 100% CO2

coal

auxiliarypower

auxiliary substances

POWER UNIT(deSOx, deNOX)

electricity(net)

Emissions

incl. 100% CO2

coal

auxiliarypower



Emissions

incl. 100% CO2

coal

auxiliarypower



Air-combustion PF plantwithout CCS (PF-no CCS) - reference case for comparison

coal

electricity(net)

auxiliarypower



auxiliaryheat

Emissions

incl. ca. 10% CO2

CO2 captured (ca. 90%)

CO2 capture& compression

coal

electricity(net)

auxiliarypower



coal

electricity(net)

auxiliarypower



electricity(net)

auxiliarypower



auxiliaryheat

Emissions

incl. ca. 10% CO2



auxiliaryheat

Emissions

incl. ca. 10% CO2



Emissions

incl. ca. 10% CO2



PF plant with chemical CO2 absorption(PF-MEA)

O2

coal

electricity(net)

auxiliary power


POWER UNIT Emissions

~ no CO2

CO2 captured (nearly 100%)

CO2compression

ASU

O2

coal

electricity(net)

auxiliary power


POWER UNIT Emissions

~ no CO2


CO2compression

Emissions

~ no CO2


CO2compression

ASU

Oxy-fuel PF plant (PF-OXY)



Simulated PF plant structures - PF-no CCS

Live steam: 600oC / 28.5 MPaReheated steam: 620oC / 5 MPa



Simulated PF plant structures - PF-MEA

Liquid CO2 at 11 MPa



Simulated PF plant structures - PF-OXY

Liquid CO2 at 11 MPa



Modeling example – CO2 purification & compression system

-2.25 -2.00 -1.75 -1.50 -1.25 -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

s, kJ/kg-K

T, °

C

10000 kPa

5000 kPa

2000 kPa

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

CarbonDioxide

120

121

122

123

124

1

2

3

4

5



Crucial assumptions (net power 425 MW for all cases)Ambient conditions 1 Temperature OC 25 2 Pressure kPa 101.3 3 Relative humidity - 0.6 CO2 conditions for pipeline transport 4 Pressure MPa 11 5 Phase - liquid Fuel (bituminous coal) “as received” parameters 6 Moisture content - 0.11 7 Ash content - 0.24 8 Sulphur content - 0.01 9 LHVf MJ/kg 21.5

Value in the year: No Parameter Unit

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

1 Price of coal ex coal mine PLN/GJ 8.88 9.05 9.23 9.42 9.61

2 Cost of coal transport PLN/Mg 27.06 27.60 28.15 28.72 29.29

3 Cost of coal conditioning PLN/Mg 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.17

4 Cost of lime sorbent ex power unit PLN/Mg 119.07 121.45 123.88 126.36 128.8

8

5 Cost of ammonia water (25% NH3)

PLN/Mg 541.22 552.04 563.08 574.34 585.8

3

6 Cost of MEA PLN/Mg 3437.4 3437.4 3437.4 3437.4 3437.

4

7 Cost of utilization of solid waste products

PLN/Mg 32.47 33.12 33.78 34.46 35.15

8 Cost of demineralized water PLN/Mg 5.41 5.52 5.63 5.74 5.86

9 Cost of decarbonized water PLN/Mg 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35

10 Charge for SO2 emission PLN/Mg 501.94 511.98 522.22 532.66 543.3

1

11 Charge for NOx emission PLN/Mg 501.94 511.98 522.22 532.66 543.3

1

12 Charge for dust emission PLN/Mg 334.63 341.32 348.14 355.11 362.2

1 13 Charge for CO2 emission EUR/Mg optionally 0-60 (2015) - see Fig. 13

14 Price of semi-finished gypsum ex power unit

PLN/Mg 2.71 2.76 2.82 2.87 2.93

15 Monthly salary with any derivatives

PLN/person-

month 7577 7728 7883 8040 8201

Capital cost:

PF-no CCS: 1500 EUR/kWel N

PF-MEA: 2200 EUR/kWel N

PF-OXY: 2400 EUR/kWel N

(1USD=2.18PLN and 1EUR=3.37PLN)



Results – net energy efficiency

0.44

0.33 0.34

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

PF-no CCS PF-MEA PF-OXY

Net

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y (L

HV

bas

ed)



Results – cost of electricity

234.2

284.6

335.2

385.9

326333.5

340.2347

330.1

150

200

250

300

350

400

PF-no CCS;no carbon

tax

PF-no CCS;CO2 price

20 EUR/Mg

PF-no CCS;CO2 price

40 EUR/Mg

PF-no CCS;CO2 price

60 EUR/Mg

PF-MEA; no carbon

tax

PF-MEA;CO2 price

20 EUR/Mg

PF-MEA;CO2 price

40 EUR/Mg

PF-MEA;CO2 price

60 EUR/Mg

PF-OXY

CO

E,

PLN

/MW

h

(1USD=2.18PLN and 1EUR=3.37PLN)

+48

%



Latest investments in Polish power sector



supercritical CFB in Łagisza (PKE SA)electric power: 460 MWsteam parameters: 560/580 OC; 27.5/5.5 MPanet efficiency: 43.37 %

supercritical PF in Bełchatów (PGE SA)electric power: 858 MWsteam parameters: 554/582 OC; 26.6/5.4 MPanet efficiency: 41.76 %

supercritical PF in Pątnów (ZE PAK SA)electric power: 474 MWsteam parameters: 544/568 OC; 26.6/5.2 MPanet efficiency: 41 %

EU Flagship Programme – Polish applications



PGE – Elektrownia BełchatówDEMO FOR THE CAPTURE, TRANSPORT, GEOLOGICAL STORAGEOF CO2 FROM 858 MW POWER UNIT- post-combustion system

PKE-ZAK ZERO EMISSION ENERGY – CARBOCHEMICAL COMPLEX- polygeneration system based on coal gasification



THE IDEA OF POLYGENERATION PLANT at PKE-ZAK

Gasificationreactor

Syngas(methanolsynthesis)

CO2compressionand storage

ASU

O2

GT

Steam

Pow

er

auxi

liary

loa

d

Coal

PoligenerationPlant

Gasificationreactor

ASU

Coal

ST

Power

Coal

Fluidizedbed boilerAir combustion

Heat

ST PowerAir

Powerauxiliary load

Sul

fur

and

CO

2re

mov

al

CO

shi

ftC

O s

hift

Sul

fur

and

CO

2re

mov

al

O2

Biomass

gas

gas

HRSGPoligeneration PlantCCS Demo unit

Syngas

CleanPower

Fluidizedbed boiler

Oxycombustion

CoalCO2

CO2

Steam

O2

CO

2 r

emov

al

Flue gas/CO2

Dziękuję za uwagę

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