Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)
-
Upload
dulcie-howard -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)
![Page 1: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays
Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)
![Page 2: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
'Laboratory’ x-ray tubes - rotating anodes
Same mechanism for x-ray production - different anode setup
![Page 3: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
'Laboratory’ x-ray tubes - rotating anodes
Same mechanism for x-ray production - different anode setup
Focal spot spreadout over cylindersurface
Tube power up to20X that of Coolidgetube
![Page 4: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
![Page 5: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
Where charged particlestream is bent, x-rays areemitted
![Page 6: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
Where charged particlestream is bent, x-rays areemitted
X-ray beam: extremely bright very tiny low divergence - < milliradian
in ring plane
![Page 7: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
Where charged particlestream is bent, x-rays areemitted
X-ray beam: extremely bright very tiny low divergence - < milliradian broad spectrum in ring plane
![Page 8: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
Where charged particlestream is bent, x-rays areemitted
X-ray beam: extremely bright very tiny low divergence - < milliradian broad spectrum in ring plane
Can choose any in 0.1-10 Å using incident beam monochromatorMonochromator often focusing type
![Page 9: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
Electrons or positronsinjected into ring
Where charged particlestream is bent, x-rays areemitted
X-ray beam: extremely bright very tiny low divergence - < milliradian broad spectrum in ring plane
Can choose any in 0.1-10 Å using incident beam monochromatorMonochromator often focusing typeCan tune for absorption by specific atoms in specimen
![Page 10: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
![Page 11: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
![Page 12: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
![Page 13: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan
Scintillation counterx-rays converted to light
![Page 14: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan
Scintillation counterx-rays converted to light
Solid state (SiLi) detectorx-rays ––> electron-hole pairs
![Page 15: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan
Scintillation counterx-rays converted to light
Solid state (SiLi) detectorx-rays ––> electron-hole pairs
very high resolutionvery low noise
dead time problemliq N2 temp required
![Page 16: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Linear - may require scan, depending on instrument
![Page 17: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
![Page 18: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
CCD
![Page 19: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
CCD
Multiwire
![Page 20: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
CCD
Multiwire
Image ‘plates’ (BaBrF:Eu+2)
![Page 21: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
CCD
Multiwire
Image ‘plates’ (BaBrF:Eu+2)
![Page 22: Instrumentation - making & detecting x-rays Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d975503460f94a80b6d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area
Film - old technologystill used, especially Polaroid
CCD
Multiwire
Image ‘plates’ (BaBrF:Eu+2)